scholarly journals Laying One’s Cards on the Table: Experiencing Exile and Finding Our Feet in Moral Philosophical Encounters

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-424
Author(s):  
Camilla Kronqvist ◽  
Natan Elgabsi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Iris Murdoch ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
Ethical Significance

Abstract Engaging with the philosophical writings of Iris Murdoch, we submit that there are difficulties associated with providing a good description of morality that are intimately connected with difficulties in understanding other human beings. We suggest three senses in which moral philosophical reflection needs to account for our understanding of others: (1) the failure to understand someone is not merely an intellectual failure, but also engages us morally; (2) the moral question of understanding is not limited to the extent to which we understand a particular person, but also presents itself in how we picture difficulties in understanding people; and (3) “philosophical pictures of morality” fundamentally shape the conceptual framework we use to investigate morality, as well as the analysis of morality we find illuminative and satisfactory. Exploring the implications of these claims, we ask what it means to think of others as the same, or as different, from ourselves. We then consider the ethical significance of finding, or not finding, our feet in our encounters with others, dwelling on how the metaphor of movement reveals one way in which we are never at peace in the exploration of morality.

Moral Machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-412
Author(s):  
Wendell Wallach ◽  
Shannon Vallor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Moral Machines ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Ethical Significance ◽  
Ai Safety

Implementing sensitivity to norms, laws, and human values in computational systems has transitioned from philosophical reflection to an actual engineering challenge. The “value alignment” approach to dealing with superintelligent AIs tends to employ computationally friendly concepts such as utility functions, system goals, agent preferences, and value optimizers, which, this chapter argues, do not have intrinsic ethical significance. This chapter considers what may be lost in the excision of intrinsically ethical concepts from the project of engineering moral machines. It argues that human-level AI and superintelligent systems can be assured to be safe and beneficial only if they embody something like virtue or moral character and that virtue embodiment is a more appropriate long-term goal for AI safety research than value alignment.

scholarly journals Are CRM systems ready for AI integration?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheshadri Chatterjee ◽  
Soumya Kanti Ghosh ◽  
Ranjan Chaudhuri ◽  
Bang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Crm System ◽  
Automated Decision Making ◽  
Unique Study ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to check if an organization is ready to adopt an AI-integrated CRM system. The study also analyzes different situations which can provide a comprehensive check list in the form of indicators that could provide a signal indicating whether the organization is ready to adopt an AI-integrated CRM system by capturing actionable and appropriate data. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a general review, and appropriate literature has been used to support the conceptual framework. Findings The key findings of this study are the different indicators that make up the conceptual framework. This framework can help organizations to check at a glance whether they are ready to adopt AI-integrated CRM system in their organizations. Specifically, it has been identified that different approaches are needed to tackle various types of customer data so that those may be made fit and actionable for appropriate utilization of AI algorithms to facilitate business success of an organization. Practical implications The paper has elaborately discussed the different approaches to be undertaken to calibrate and reorient the various kinds of actionable data and the contemplated challenges one would face in doing so. This would help the practitioners that how the data so captured can be made fit for action and utilization toward application of AI technologies integrated with existing CRM system in an organization. Originality/value This study is claimed to be a unique study to provide a conceptual framework which could help arranging and rearranging of captured data by an organization for making the data fit and ready for use with the help of AI technologies. This successful integration of AI with CRM system can help organizations toward taking quick and automated decision-making without much intervention of human beings.

scholarly journals Engineering Desire: Biotechnological Enhancement as Theological Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228
Author(s):  
Simeon Zahl
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Means Of Grace ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethical Significance

This article argues for the dogmatic rather than just ethical significance of the biotechnological enhancement of human beings. It begins by reflecting on the close theological connections between salvation, sanctification, and affective and bodily transformation in light of the fact that affects and desires are in principle manipulable through biotechnological enhancement. It then examines the implications of this observation for questions of moral responsibility, asking whether biotechnological enhancement can be viewed as a kind of means of grace. The conclusion argues that theological reflection on the relationship between affects, soteriology and bioenhancement reveals limitations of the emphasis on embodiment in recent Christian theology.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of National Leadership for an Islamic State in the Light of Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nighat Akram, Abdul Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Effective Leader ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
A Chain

Allah sent a chain of Prophets with revelations to transfer humanity from a state of jāhiliyya to one of Islam. Allah says in the noble Qur’ān: "I have not created the Jinn and Ins (human beings) except to worship me" (Al-Qur'ān 51:56). Human beings must, therefore, live according to the laws of Allah. This can best be done in the framework of the Islamic state, the natural habitat of Muslims. Strengthen of a state depends upon best qualities of prime leaders. The purpose of this study is to determine the key attributes of the leaders and administrators in the light of the life of Holy Prophet (SAW), The paper has analyzed the concept of leadership as observed through literature survey about the leadership qualities of our beloved Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW), his Sahāba (R.A) by citing Qur’ānic verses and giving the examples from the life of Holy Prophet (SAW). The study has proposed a conceptual framework for an effective leader based upon the characteristics such as firmness, truthfulness, reliability, selflessness, ethics, loyalty to the organization, passion, moderation, humility, fairness and mercy which can be set as a role model for day’s administrators etc.

scholarly journals CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR E-LEARNING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Petar Jandric
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Rich ◽  
True Structure ◽  
Epistemological Basis

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for curriculum for e-learning. The conducted research is based on two dialectically intertwined pillars. The theoretical pillar consists of the rich critical tradition of inquiry into the relationships between technologies and human beings in wide social contexts from Frankfurt School onwards. The practical pillar consists of Dahlberg’s main strands of Internet research – Uses Determination, Technological Determination and Social Determination (2004). Blending the theoretical and the practical pillar, it is shown that the discipline of e-learning consists of Habermas’s three main spheres of human interests, types of knowledge and research methods – the technical, the practical, and the emancipatory (Tinning, 1992). The conducted research does not include explorations of epistemological basis for combining various theoretical frameworks and research methodologies. For this reason, its results cannot be applied to scientific research without further elaboration. In order to expose students and practitioners to the true structure of the discipline of e-learning, however, results of this research can be confidently applied in practical fields from curriculum development to policy making. Key words: critical e-learning, e-learning curriculum development, spheres of human interest, e-learning research strands.

scholarly journals Introduction: Towards an Ethics of Gesture

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruprecht
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Forward Looking

The introduction to this special section of Performance Philosophy takes Giorgio Agamben�s remarks about the mediality and potentiality of gesture as a starting point to rethink gesture�s nexus with ethics. Shifting the emphasis from philosophical reflection to corporeal practice, it defines gestural ethics as an acting-otherwise which comes into being in the particularities of singular gestural practice, its forms, kinetic qualities, temporal displacements and calls for response. Gestural acting-otherwise is illustrated in a number of ways: We might talk of a gestural ethics when gesturality becomes an object for dedicated analytical exploration and reflection on sites where it is not taken for granted, but exhibited, on stage or on screen, in its mediality, in the ways it quotes, signifies and departs from signification, but also in the ways in which it follows a forward-looking agenda driven by adaptability and inventiveness. It interrupts or modifies operative continua that might be geared towards violence; it appears in situations that are suspended between the possibility of malfunction and the potential of room for play; and it emerges in the ways in which gestures act on their own implication in the signifying structures of gender, sexuality, race, and class, on how these structures play out relationally across time and space, and between historically and locally situated human beings.

scholarly journals Vers un modèle quantique pour la méditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
François Dubois ◽  
Christian Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Mystical State ◽  
Very High

We study the meditative states of human beings from the conceptual framework provided by the fractaquantum hypothesis : analogously to an atom, Man can from his ``quiet'' base state explores various states of higher energy as loving or mystical state. We then look what energy states are explored during meditation: is it the ``hyperfine'' structure of its base state? is there a love ecstatic state? a very high energy structure mystical state? On one hand we illustrate these hypothesis from the experience of a large part of mystical traditions such as Hinduism or Buddhism and on another hand from contemporary cognitive sciences. In addition, quantum mechanics indicates that any interaction between energy levels is mediated by a boson of exchange. So we aim to identify the nature of this boson linking the various human being energy levels.

scholarly journals The Early Modern Origins of Pragmatism

Disputatio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 433-456
Author(s):  
Piotr K. Szalek
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scientific Images ◽  
Scientific Image ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Manifest Image

Abstract This paper considers the alleged pragmatism of Berkeley’s philosophy using the two Sellarsian categories of ‘manifest’ and ‘scientific’ images of the world and human beings. The ‘manifest’ image is regarded as a refinement of the ordinary way of conceiving things, and the scientific image is seen as a theoretical picture of the world provided by science. The paper argues that the so-called Berkeleian pragmatism was an effect of Berkeley’s work towards a synthesis of ‘manifest’ and ‘scientific’ images through the creation of one unified synoptic vision of the world and was a part of a new conceptual framework within which these two images could be combined.

scholarly journals Exploring several dimensions of local, global and glocal using the generic conceptual framework Hodges's model

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Technology And Communication

This paper introduces Hodges’s model a conceptual framework as a means to explore the concept glocal and the more familiar terms local and global. Actual and speculative definitions of glocal are offered. Discussion will also deliberate on the compound meanings of these terms. The model's four knowledge (care) domains facilitate discussion of the physical, social, political and individual dimensions of local, global and glocal. The paper draws upon health, anthropology, history, science, informatics and geopolitics – especially the themes of globalization, literacy, information technology and communication (voice). The purpose is exploratory with additional resort to philosophical reflection.

Eventuality of an Apartheid State of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
Sahil Sholla ◽  
Roohie Naaz Mir ◽  
Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
High Order ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Psychological Harm

Notwithstanding the potential of IoT to revolutionise our personal and social lives, the absence of a solid framework of ethics may lead to situations where smart devices are used in ways uncongenial to the moral fabric of a society. In this work, the authors seek to provide a conceptual framework toward incorporating ethics in IoT. They employ the concept of object for each smart device in order to represent ethics relevant to its context. Moreover, the authors propose dedicating a separate ethics layer in the protocol stack of smart devices to account for socio-cultural ethical aspects of a society. The ethics layer enables us to account for ethical responsibilities of smart devices vis-a-vis society so that inadvertent physical, emotional or psychological harm to human beings is avoided. Such mechanism ensures that devices operate ethically not only at individual level but also at D2D level to give rise to high order ethical structures e.g. ethical home, ethical office, ethical university, ethical city, etc.

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