scholarly journals A Contribution to the Problem of Tree Necrosis in Cities: Soil Properties in the Habitat of Ulmus glabra Huds. and Ulmus minor Mill. Greenery Elements of the City of Kielce

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Świercz ◽  
Ewelina Zajęcka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
The City

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of soils have a significant impact on the growth and development of vegetation. In urban areas, because of increased human activity, changes occur in both grain-size composition as well as physical and chemical properties of soils. These soils are frequently saline and contaminated with heavy metals, which limit the development of vegetation and cause its necrosis. Elm is a commonly growing tree with low habitat requirements, whose population has been considerably reduced because of progressing Dutch elm disease. This study attempts to assess the relationship of dependency between physicochemical parameters of soils and health status of elms from the area of the City of Kielce. Two elms were selected for the study, that is, one alive tree being a natural monument and one necrotic tree. The soil analysis concerned physicochemical parameters such as size composition, reaction, salinity measured by means of proper electrolyte conductivity (PEC), acidity, organic carbon content, carbonates, nitrogen, and selected elements including heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn). The study indicates differentiation amongst the physicochemical parameters of the analysed soils. A characteristic feature of the soils being the habitat of the necrotic elm is that they have considerably higher salinity than those being the habitat of the alive elm. Increased levels of sodium and chlorides could negatively affect water transportation in vegetation what might have resulted, amongst others, in necrosis of the tree.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulhamid ◽  
E.B. Agbaji ◽  
C.E. Gimba ◽  
A.S. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.

scholarly journals Soil environment of Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill. at selected sites in the Polish lowland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzyl ◽  
Arkadiusz Niewiadomski ◽  
Beata Woziwoda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Species Preferences ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Habitat Parameters ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The paper presents soil conditions of <em>Pulsatilla vernalis</em> in the Polish lowland. There were determined species preferences in relation to physical and chemical properties, grain size composition and the type of soil. It has been found that <em>P. vernalis</em> prefers very poor sandy, acid, dry and permeable soils, with small water capacity. The range of habitat parameters at the lowland sites differs, however, from the conditions at the mountain sites. Due to specific habitats of the species, new ecological indicator values were proposed for the lowland sites of <em>P. vernalis</em>. The results of soil analysis presented in this paper, as well as other data related to biology of the species, should be accounted for in the active protection plan, including the processes of reintroduction and introduction of the species.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.)TERHADAP PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb) PADA LAHAN BERPASIR

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Sudaryono .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City

In general, coastal areas have the physical and chemical properties of lessfertile land with an extreme dry climate, so that only a few plants that can live,including Jatropha curcas L. To enhance fertility and improve soil physicalproperties, need the addition of organic fertilizer. Source of compost canbe derived from a variety of wastes, including household waste and landfill.Quality compost landfill taken from Piyungan, Yogyakarta, has a high content of organic C, pH neutral, low N concentration, with the ratio C/N is very high. But compost landfill has an obstacle in the form of heavy metal containing high Cu and Pb. To prevent accumulation heavy metals into plant tissue or clean up heavy metals from the soil it was attempted by phytoremediation using jatropha plantation and bio-fertilizer that contains bacteria Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp.From the research results can be informed that: (1) The city compost and biological fertilizers, can increase soil fertility with increasing nutrient content in soil. (2) Biofertilizers could inhibit the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) into Jatropha curcas L., (3)Jatropha plant can be classified as phytoremediation plants, because it can absorption heavy metals into leaf tissue.Key words: landfill compost , bio fertilizer, jatropha plants, heavy metals

Heavy metals in shallow groundwater of the urban area in Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun ◽  
Weihua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The City

Urbanization and related human activities have brought bad effects to the environment, especially shallow groundwater systems in urban areas. In this study, sixty-three shallow groundwater samples in the urban area of Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni). The results indicate that some of the heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd and Fe) are present below the international drinking water standards but more than half of the sources sampled do not meet the requirements for Mn, Cu and Pb. Quality assessment suggests that all of the samples have heavy metal pollution indices (HPI) lower than 100, implying that they can be used for drinking directly. However, the degrees of contamination (Cd) observed suggest that about one third of the samples are classified as heavily polluted. Heavy densities of population and traffic in the old quarter of the city are considered responsible for the pollution of the groundwater system in the city. Moreover, Cd, Pb, Ni and Mn are identified as metals affected by human activities, whereas Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr are considered to originate from the natural environment, based on the comparison of spatial distributions of HPI, Cd and heavy metal concentrations, as well as factor analysis.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE LEAVES OF SORBUS AUCUPARIA L. IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPIE OF ORENBURG)

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
D. G. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In urban areas, trees play an essential role to cleanse the airborne toxic pollution in the environment. The species Sorbus aucuparia L. was studied as a biological indicator of toxic heavy metals pollution in the city of Orenburg, Russia. The impact of airborne pollution was assessed by the evaluation of morphometric parameters and the chemical analysis of leaves. The rowan leaves were collected in Orenburg in areas exposed to anthropogenic intervention of various degree. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe in leaf samples were compared. It was found that the concentration of heavy metals in plants growing in the city is higher than in the control samples and decreases in the order Cd ˃ Cu ˃ Pb ˃ Zn ˃ Fe. The biological monitoring can be used to study environmental pollution as an environmentally sustainable tool for environmental management in urban areas.

scholarly journals Potential Possibilities of Soil Mesofauna Usage for Biodiagnostics of Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Yorkina ◽  
Olexander Zhukov ◽  
Olena Chromysheva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

AbstractThe study of potential possibilities of mesofauna as bioindicator of soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the most important areas of urban ecology and soil biology. The work presents the results of ecotoxicological and bioindicative assessment of the environment and the biota of the Melitopol urbosystem of Ukraine. The dynamics of chemical properties of soils in different functional zones of the city is analysed. The complex indices of pollution of environmental components are determined. A bioindicative assessment of the ecological condition of the territory of the urbosystem on the indicators of vitality of the soil mesofauna is carried out. For the first time, regional species-bioindicators for the territory of the city of Melitopol were determined. The ecomorphic structure of soil mesofauna of various functional zones of the city was revealed.

scholarly journals Characteristic of soils of Odesa City

2018 ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Khokhryakova ◽  
Elguja Kulidzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
The City

In the article, the basic morphological features, physical and chemical properties of soils of Odesa, analyzed indicators nutrient content, humus pHN2O, soil particle size distribution. The composition of salts and absorbed bases in soils is established. The purpose of this study is to characterize the soil cover of Odesa City. 47 full-profile sections were laid in 9 key sections in the city area. Key areas are characterized by the different anthropogenic impact on the soil upper layer and intensity of its use. According to the result of the studies of soils in Odesa City, the following groups of soils are distinguished in the territory of the city: natural undisturbed soils, anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, anthropogenically deeply disturbed soils (urban-soils). For natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, heavy loamy and medium loam granulometric composition is characteristic in most cases. The upper horizons of the soils of the firth overspill have a lighter composition – from light loamy to sandy. The granulometric composition of urban soils is heavy loamy, during a tendency toward its alleviation due to the anthropogenic increase of the content of sand fractions and skeletal material. A characteristic feature of undisturbed soils of the Odesa City is fairly high variability in the nitrogen content of nitrification, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium, and organic substance. The sum of the absorbed bases in natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, as in urban areas, is low. The ratio between calcium and magnesium ranges from 2:1 to 6:1. Automorphic soils are predominantly weakly solonetzic. Marsh soils are characterized by a certain increase in the proportion of sodium from the sum of the absorbed bases - up to 36.47 %. Natural humus soils are characterized by a lack of salinity. Meadow soils from the surface have a weak degree of chloride type of salinity, and an average and a strong degree of chloride type of salinity is noted down to the profile. Urban soils have a weak degree of chloride-sulfate salinization, associated with the use of mixtures against ice in winter. Marsh soils have a strong degree of soda-chloride type of salinity from the surface. Key words: Odesa, urban soils, anthropogenic transformation of urban soils.

scholarly journals Рatterns of spreading of heavy metals in soils of urbanized landscapes (on the example of Brovary city)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-590
Author(s):  
Anastasiia O. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
The City

Results of the study about pollutants content in soils of urbanized landscapes are presented. Patterns of their migration and accumulation in main soil types of Brovary are grounded. Correlation relationships between the individual components of ecologicalgeochemical system of urbanized territory were analyzed. Dependences of landscape resistance to technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, degree of their anthropogenic transformation and level of heavy metals were determined. According to geochemical criteria technogenic associations of heavy metalsin soils are determined, which are represented by the following elements: Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Cr>V>Mo>Mn>Ni. Level of gross content of chemical elements compounds in soils of different zones of the city is heterogeneous. City zones with the highest polyelement contamination of soil have been identified. Maximum technogenic load is recorded in urban areas of transport infrastructure zone and zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Ecological and geochemical assessment on the total index of pollution by using methods of Y.E. Saeta, is shown. Value of this topsoil parameter in Brovary (0-10 cm) ranges from 30 to 106, the average is 65, which corresponds to hazardous level of soil pollution. According to the total indicator of technogenic pollution, Brovary belongs to cities with high pollution level. Soils in all parts of the city, except for residential areas, are classified as hazardous. Studied soils of the city are characterized by plumbum geochemical specialization. High levels of zinc, manganese, cobalt and chromium were also found (the maximal permissible concentrations in soil exceeds by 1.7-4.7 times). Especial attention is paid to the patterns, mechanisms of pollutants influence on the complex of soil properties and processes that determine the ecological condition of soils and their resistance to anthropogenic flows. Soil contamination by pollutants leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties (cation exchange capacity pH, organic matter content) which causes a low buffering capacity of soil cover of the city.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in urban grounds in Ekaterinburg (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Andrian Anatol’evich SELEZNEV ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Valer’evich KLIMSHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Environmental Quality Assessment ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
The City ◽  
Twofold Decrease

Problem Statement. Urban grounds have an artificial origin, they are formed as a result of construction activities, contain solid waste products and pollutants along with natural mineral and organic raw materials. Not all the cities have a system of registration of the urban ground types. The assessment of the pollution degree of urban grounds plays a key role in the environmental quality assessment in urban areas. The objective of the study is to conduct quantitative assessment of pollution with heavy metals for the urban grounds (on the example of Ekaterinburg, Russia). The material for the study is represented by the results of environmental engineering surveys conducted in Ekaterinburg in 2012–2015. The samples of the urban ground were collected with vertical stratification to a depth of 7 m in different geographical parts of the city. The content of Pb, Zn Cu, Mn and Ni, and the level of acidity were determined in the urban ground samples. Results. The analysis of vertical ground profiles showed a decrease in Pb, Zn and Ni content with increasing the depth. The accumulation of typical pollutants for urban environment (Pb, Zn and Cu) was found in the upper ground layer 0-20 cm. The metal content in the layer 0-20 cm was up to 5 times higher than the metal content in the lower horizons with a twofold decrease in metal concentration to depth of 1 m. In artificial ground in Ekaterinburg, there was a tendency to alkalization of soils with increasing depth (pH of the surface layer 0–20 cm was 6.5, when pH value was close to 8 at the depth > 4 m).

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of heavy metal content in soils of different urban agglomerations: methodological approaches to environmental monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Andrusyshyna ◽  
◽  
I.O. Holub ◽  
V.F., Demchenko ◽  
O.G. Lampeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Geochemical Associations ◽  
The City

Objective: We studied the regional characteristics of soil pollution with heavy metals and other chemical elements, presented their comparative ecological and hygienic assessment. Materials and methods: We detected the content of 12 elements in the soils of urban agglomerations of the city of Kyiv (park, residential and transport zones), Donetsk oblast (Mariupol, Pisky etc.) and in the vicinity of the city of Halych (Ivano-Frankivsk oblast) with the help of the method of optical emission spectrometry. We studied the gross content of heavy metals in soils, determined their mobile forms, calculated the concentration coefficients and the indicator of the total soil cover pollution of urban agglomerations, established characteristic relationships between metals and their technogenic geochemical associations. Results and discussion: Among the analyzed chemical elements in soils of urban areas, the high content of Al, Mn and Crattracts a special attention. In the number of cases, it was higher than the MAC and the background level. The characteristic technogenic geochemical associations of heavy metals for studied territories were established: Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn. The mobility of heavy metals in technologically polluted soils increases in comparison with the background levels. Conclusion: A comparative assessment of soil pollution in the surveyed regions of Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Donetsk showed that they are under complex environmental pressure because of anthropogenic and technogenic environmental pollution with heavy metals.

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