scholarly journals Changes of Spleen in Wistar Rats Exposed to Therapeutic Doses of Dexamethasone and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Evaluated by Stereological Parameters

PRILOZI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida Mitevska ◽  
Irena Kostadinova-Petrova ◽  
Nevena Kostovska
Keyword(s):  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Test System ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Structural Components

AbstractThe aim of our investigation was to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) determining the volume densities of the structural components of the spleen. The volume densities of the same structural components of spleen were determined after administration of dexamethasone too, in order to see whether the morphological changes induced by MPA are in the same line with the changes caused by dexamethasone.60 female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The control group of rats was administered physiological solution. The remaining, 4 experimental groups were administered: dexamethasone at a therapeutic daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg bw and maximal therapeutic dose of 3 mg/kg bw, and MPA at a therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg bw and maximal therapeutic dose of 150 mg/kg bw. The drugs were applied intramuscularly for 7 days. Spleen paraffin sections were stained according to the methods: hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and Elastica van-Gieson. Stereological measurements were performed by using the Weibl′s multipurpose test system (M-42).The histological analyses of the structural components of the spleen in rats treated with dexamethasone and MPA have shown reduction of the white pulp and the marginal zone and an apparent decrease of the cellular density of the lymphocyte component of the pulp. The stereological analysis of the spleen showed significant decrease of the splenic pulp volume density and significant increase of the connective tissue volume density. Reducing the presence of splenic pulp was mainly due to the decrease in the volume density of all structural components of the white pulp. Changes were observed in all drug treated groups of rats.Our results have shown that the MPA provoked changes suggested atrophy of the spleen lymphoid tissue. Although the atrophic changes of the spleen were significant after the application of both dexamethasone and MPA, the white pulp was significantly more sensitive substrate for dexamethasone than for the MPA.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of the Aerial Extract ofMonsonia angustifoliaE. Mey. ex. A. Rich in Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jide Afolayan ◽  
Olubunmi Abosede Wintola ◽  
Gerda Fouche
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The acute and subacute toxicity profile of the aerial extract ofMonsonia angustifoliain Wistar rats was evaluated. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 420 guideline was adopted in the acute toxicity testing with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg (b.w.). For the 28-day daily oral dosing, the extract was administered at 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg b.w.; 1% ethanol in sterile distilled water was used as control. Clinical toxicity signs were subsequently evaluated. At a single dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. the extract elicited no treatment-related signs of toxicity in the animals during the 14 days of experimental period. In the subacute toxicity, there was no significant difference in hematological, renal, and liver function indices. However, dose-dependent significant increases were observed on the plasma concentrations of white blood cell and platelet counts of the treated animals compared to the control group. While cage observations revealed no treatment-facilitated signs of toxicity, histopathological examinations of the kidneys and liver also showed no obvious lesions and morphological changes. These results suggest that the extract may be labelled and classified as safe and practically nontoxic within the doses and period of investigation in this study.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in distant muscle fibers following thermal injury in Wistar rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia de Oliveira ◽  
Luci Rezende Bevilacqua ◽  
Carlos Alberto Anaruma ◽  
Silvia de Campos Boldrini ◽  
Edson Aparecido Liberti
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

PURPOSE: Thermal injury causes catabolic processes as the body attempts to repair the damaged area. This study evaluated the effects of a scald injury on the morphology of muscle fibers belonging to a muscle distant from the lesion. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into control (C) and scalded (S) groups. Group S was scalded over 45% of the body surface, standardized by body weight. Rats in both groups were euthanized at four, seven and 14 days following the injury. The middle portions of the medial gastrocnemius muscles were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius, and submitted to histological analysis. RESULTS: Control group sections exhibited equidistantly distributed polygonal muscle fibers with peripheral nuclei, characteristic of normal muscle. The injured group sections did not consistently show these characteristics; many fibers in these sections exhibited a rounded contour, variable stain intensities, and greater interfiber distances. A substantially increased amount of connective tissue was also observed on the injured group sections. CONCLUSION: This experimental model found a morphological change in muscle distant from the site of thermal injury covering 45% of the body surface.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN AND NANOSTRUCTURED DOXORUBICIN IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSPLANTABLE CARCINOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. N. Chairkin ◽  
N. V. Chairkina ◽  
O. N. Deryabina ◽  
V. Y. Medvezhonkov ◽  
O. V. Kalmin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The study was carried out on 120 mongrel white laboratory rats, to whom were transplanted the ascitiс Zaidel's hepatoma and which were divided into three equal groups. Of these, the first group of animals was a control group without treatment. In the second group, to animals doxorubicin was injected, in the third group, nanostructured doxorubicin was injected to the animals for 21 days. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of morphological changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys under the influence of nanostructured doxorubicin and doxorubicin in the condition of transplantable carcinogenesis. Given the nephrotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs studied, the dynamics of structural changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys was studied. Conducted a comparative morphological evaluation of the changes occurring in the kidneys. The results of a morphological study of the structural components of the kidneys prove that doxorubicin and nanostructured doxorubicin have different effects on both the tubular apparatus and the glomeruli of the kidneys in the condition of transient carcinogenesis. The use of doxorubicin is accompanied by a relatively pronounced nephrotoxic effect, which is indicated by dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of convoluted tubules and the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys. The use of nanostructured doxorubicin is limited to moderately expressed dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubular apparatus of the kidneys, the glomerular apparatus remains intact at the same time. Thus, the use of the preparation of nanostructured doxorubicin for the treatment of the ascitic hepatoma of Zaidel in experimental animals has a less pronounced toxic and damaging effect on the renal parenchyma.

SIMULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP)

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Shapovalova ◽  
G.A. Demyashkin ◽  
M.Yu. Malanichev ◽  
D.A. Pogosyan ◽  
I.A. Zorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Experimental Peritonitis

Currently, the problem of treating sepsis is acute. To study these morphological and functional changes, animal models are used, for example, a model of experimental peritonitis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). However, there is only insufficient research on the description of internal organ rearrangements, in particular, skin morphological picture. The aim of the study was to assess of changes in mice internal organs in case of sepsis modeling. Materials and Methods. The authors performed cecal ligation and puncture in mice (n=40) to form experimental peritonitis and severe sepsis. In the control group (n=10), a sham surgery was conducted: a midline laparotomy was followed by layer-by-layer deaf suturing of the surgical wound. Results. The authors observed CLP-induced disorders in all vital organs, especially in the liver (violation of the beam structure of the hepatic lobules with signs of balloon dystrophy and necrosis areas, leukocyte infiltration, plethora of sinusoids), kidneys (thinning of the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule, narrowing of the afferent arteriole lumen, balloon dystrophy of proximal and distal tubules, widespread disappearance of the brush border in nephrocytes) and the spleen (hyperplasia of the white pulp with a large number of apoptotic lymphocytes). Moreover, signs of mild inflammatory infiltration were observed in the skin. Conclusion. The morphological changes found during the study corresponded to the reaction of the test organs in sepsis. The proposed CLP method for experimental peritonitis can be used as a sepsis model. Keywords: sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), skin, inflammation. В настоящий момент остро стоит проблема лечения сепсиса. Для изучения данных морфофункциональных изменений используют модели на животных, например модель экспериментального перитонита – лигирование и пункцию слепой кишки (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Однако исследований, касающихся описания перестроек внутренних органов, в частности морфологической картины кожного покрова, проведено явно недостаточно. Цель исследования. Морфологическая оценка изменений внутренних органов мышей в условиях моделирования сепсиса. Материалы и методы. У мышей (n=40) проводили лигирование и пункцию слепой кишки для формирования экспериментального перитонита (CLP) и тяжелого сепсиса. В контрольной группе (n=10) осуществляли «фиктивную» операцию – срединную лапаротомию с последующим послойным глухим ушиванием операционной раны. Результаты. Во всех жизненно важных органах наблюдали нарушения, индуцированные CLP, особенно в печени (нарушение балочного строения печеночных долек с признаками баллонной дистрофии и зонами некроза, лейкоцитарная инфильтрация, полнокровие синусоидов), почках (истончение висцерального листка капсулы Боумена–Шумлянского, сужение просвета приносящих артериол, баллонная дистрофия проксимальных и дистальных канальцев, повсеместное исчезновение щеточной каемки в нефроцитах) и селезенке (гиперплазия белой пульпы с наличием большого количества апоптотических лимфоцитов), а также отмечали признаки слабой воспалительной инфильтрации в коже. Заключение. Обнаруженные в ходе исследования морфологические изменения соответствуют реакции исследуемых органов при сепсисе. Предложенный метод CLP для создания экспериментального перитонита можно использовать в качестве модели сепсиса. Ключевые слова: сепсис, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), кожа, воспаление.

scholarly journals ACUTE CHRONICAL TOXICITY AND INTOLERANCE OF SM - COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
A. V. Mifatkhudinov ◽  
A. S. Aleshina
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Substance ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Permissible Dose

The researchers elaborated pharmacological complex of SM at the Chair of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology atSouth-UralStateAgrarianUniversity. The complex contains butafosfan, vitamins, vitamin-like substances, selected on the basis of synergistic effect on the body. The parameters of acute toxicity of the SM-complex were explored in the experiment on clinically healthy adult white mice of both genders by a single injection of the solution in the maximum permissible dose according to GOST 31926-2013. Intolerance on the skin of animals was detected in line with GOST R ISO 10993.10-2009. GOST R ISO 10993.10-99 became a guideline for evaluating SM-complex intolerance on the eye conjunctiva. Chronic toxicity was investigated on non-linear rats; the rates were divided into 4 groups of 6. The first group became a control group, the second group received the SM-complex in a therapeutic dose (255mg/kg), the third group - in a 5 -fold therapeutic dose (1275mg/kg), the fourth group - in a 10-fold dose (2550mg/kg). Pharmacological substance was applied through the probe in the form of an aqueous solution for 30 days. The researchers found out that at single oral introduction of SM-complex in the maximum possible doses it does not affect mice organism and it is referred to the 4th class of danger according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Local application in the form of applications on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits, the complex does not have a local irritant effect. Long-term application of pharmacological composition (30 days) in high doses causes functional and morphological changes of the liver in the form of gray foci and flabbiness, as well as it increases the volume of the organ. Due to the fact that the therapeutic doses are 5 and 10 times lower than the toxic ones and the period of application does not exceed 7-14 days, the authors make a conclusion that SM-complex is safe and secure and can be used in the recommended doses.

scholarly journals Effects of shea oil on the histology and enzymes of the liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1309-1313
Author(s):  
Madu Nom Gadzama
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate ◽  
Do So

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of Shea oil on the histology and enzymes of liver of Albino Wistar rats. Twenty-five adult Albino Wistar rats weighing between 98.8g to 348g were randomly grouped into five groups of five rats each. Group I served as control and was given water and feed only ad libitum. Groups II, III, IV, and V were given 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 1500 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg of Shea oil orally for the duration of 28days. Groups I-IV were sacrificed after 28days while Group V was left for additional 14 days post treatment after the rats in the group were sacrificed. Liver tissues were harvested for histopathological observations and blood samples were collected for liver function tests (Asparate aminotransferase (ASAT), Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and Alkaline phosphate (ALP)). Cell morphological changes seen under light microscopic level the rats in the control group have normal liver architecture while steatosis, fatty changes, inflammation, and necrosis where observed in the experimental groups. The hepatocytes were becoming irregular with narrowing sinusoid showing sign of recovery in group V. There was no significant effect on serum level of ASAT, ALP, total protein and urea while the change in ALAT and albumin level was significante (p>0.05). We therefore recommended that people consuming Shea oil should do so with care. Further investigations should be carried out.Keywords: Vitellaria Paradoxa, Enzymes and Liver

scholarly journals Effect of Artesunate Treatment on Some Brain Biomolecules and its Behavioral Implication

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
MB Ekong ◽  
AO Igri ◽  
TB Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Brain

Background: Artesunate (AS) is an artemisinin antimalarial drug used as a single drug or in combination with other antimalarials. Objective: This study was to find its effect on some brain biomolecules and behavioural activities in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150- 180g were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D with 10 animals each. Group A served as the control that received tap water, while groups B, C and D served as the experimental groups that received 2.85mg/kg (therapeutic dose-TD) and 5.71mg/kg (high pharmacologic dose-HPD) of AS per day for 3 days, and 2.85mg/kg (long duration therapeutic dose -LDTD) of AS per day for six days respectively. Half of the dose was administered twelve hourly (twice a day), and twelve hours after the last treatments, behaviour test using the ‘open field maze' was carried out. Immediately after, the animals were sacrificed with chloroform anaesthesia and the whole brain removed and weighed. Whole brain homogenates were used to determine brain total protein (TP), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (CH).Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparative Test as applicable. Results: There were no difference (p<0.05) between the experimental groups and the control group in the anthropometric parameters and behavioural activities. In the brain biomolecules concentration, TP was lower in concentration in the HPD group, TAG was lower in concentration in the LDTD group, while the HPD and LDTD groups had lower CH concentration compared to the control. In all the parameters studied no difference was found between the TD group and the control. Conclusion: AS at recommended dose may not affect some behaviour and brain biomolecule concentration, unlike when taken in excess of dose and or time. Even at these doses/time there may have been no behavioural manifestation. Key words: Artesunate, Brain, Anthropometry, Behavior, Biomolecules, Rats DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4171 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 44-50  

scholarly journals Combination of Fluoride and SO2 Induce DNA Damage and Morphological Alterations in Male Rat Kidney

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Jianhai Zhang ◽  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background/Aims: We investigated the combined toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on kidney morphological changes and DNA damage in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this study we selected totally 96 male Wistar rats (12-week-old) then randomly group-housed them into four cages, treated with deionized water, NaF, SO2 and co-treatment of NaF and SO2 respectively. Morphological changes of kidney were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Correspondingly, tailing ratio and comet length were measured by BAB Bs Comet Assay System, including DNA damage special unit were calculated to evaluate the grades of kidney DNA damage at the same time. Results: Treated groups showed a body weight decrease when compared to control group. However, no significant difference in the relative weight of kidney was found in all four groups. It is noteworthy that at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after exposure, the morphological alteration of renal tubules were observed in all treated groups, especially in group-IV. Also, at 4 and 6 weeks, notable DNA damage was found in all treated groups, as assessed by significantly increasing trend of comet length tailing ratio. Conclusion: The study manifests that presence of NaF and SO2 will not only induce renal tissue lesions but also impact DNA integrity. In addition, this combined exposure exhibits a synergistic effect, characterizing a dose-dependence and time correlation. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of DNA damage and its functions as a potential new mechanism, by which cautious interpretation of NaF and SO2 co-exposure evolved in both animals and human beings is necessary.

scholarly journals Castor oil Induces Morphological Changes in Endometrium and Biochemical Parameters in Pregnant Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir E.R ◽  
Ibrahim A ◽  
Imam A ◽  
Onigbolabi O. G ◽  
Imam A. A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Kg Medium

Background: Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used for the management of miscarriages and labour. Castor oil is a natural plant extract that has been reported to have some abortifacient Properties Objectives: This study investigated the labour induction and abortifacient properties of castor oil, as well as possible effects on the electrolytes and hormones that regulate pregnancy, as well as to compare these effects with a standard labour inducing drug misoprostol, in Wistar rats. Methods: The study was conducted out in 2 phases. The pregnant rats were administered varying Castor oil doses of low (12.4ml/kg), medium (18.6ml/kg) and high (24.8ml/kg), which were compared with misoprostol group as well as a control group. All animals were euthanized on gestational day 15 and day 20 respectively for the two phases and blood samples collected via cardiac puncture from the apex of the heart for hormonal assay, electrolyte and kidney function tests. The uterus was also removed for histological processing. Results: The abortifacient effect of castor oil is dose dependent with high dose castor oil group seen to have significantly reduced serum progesterone level (32.8±4.25 and 40.8±0.70 compared with 51.0±2.00 of controls), resulted in weight loss and interference with kidney function (increase in serum potassium while decrease in sodium electrolytes). Castor oil also exhibited labor inducing properties. Conclusion: Castor oil has the potential to induce abortion. This study has demonstrated a possible usage of castor oil in medical induction of labor in rats as it exerted uterotonic principle on the uterus.

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