scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of the Aerial Extract ofMonsonia angustifoliaE. Mey. ex. A. Rich in Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jide Afolayan ◽  
Olubunmi Abosede Wintola ◽  
Gerda Fouche
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The acute and subacute toxicity profile of the aerial extract ofMonsonia angustifoliain Wistar rats was evaluated. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 420 guideline was adopted in the acute toxicity testing with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg (b.w.). For the 28-day daily oral dosing, the extract was administered at 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg b.w.; 1% ethanol in sterile distilled water was used as control. Clinical toxicity signs were subsequently evaluated. At a single dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. the extract elicited no treatment-related signs of toxicity in the animals during the 14 days of experimental period. In the subacute toxicity, there was no significant difference in hematological, renal, and liver function indices. However, dose-dependent significant increases were observed on the plasma concentrations of white blood cell and platelet counts of the treated animals compared to the control group. While cage observations revealed no treatment-facilitated signs of toxicity, histopathological examinations of the kidneys and liver also showed no obvious lesions and morphological changes. These results suggest that the extract may be labelled and classified as safe and practically nontoxic within the doses and period of investigation in this study.

scholarly journals Combination of Fluoride and SO2 Induce DNA Damage and Morphological Alterations in Male Rat Kidney

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Jianhai Zhang ◽  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background/Aims: We investigated the combined toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on kidney morphological changes and DNA damage in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this study we selected totally 96 male Wistar rats (12-week-old) then randomly group-housed them into four cages, treated with deionized water, NaF, SO2 and co-treatment of NaF and SO2 respectively. Morphological changes of kidney were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Correspondingly, tailing ratio and comet length were measured by BAB Bs Comet Assay System, including DNA damage special unit were calculated to evaluate the grades of kidney DNA damage at the same time. Results: Treated groups showed a body weight decrease when compared to control group. However, no significant difference in the relative weight of kidney was found in all four groups. It is noteworthy that at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after exposure, the morphological alteration of renal tubules were observed in all treated groups, especially in group-IV. Also, at 4 and 6 weeks, notable DNA damage was found in all treated groups, as assessed by significantly increasing trend of comet length tailing ratio. Conclusion: The study manifests that presence of NaF and SO2 will not only induce renal tissue lesions but also impact DNA integrity. In addition, this combined exposure exhibits a synergistic effect, characterizing a dose-dependence and time correlation. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of DNA damage and its functions as a potential new mechanism, by which cautious interpretation of NaF and SO2 co-exposure evolved in both animals and human beings is necessary.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effects of Citrullus lanatus rinds in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
O. G. Akintunde ◽  
E. S. Ajibola ◽  
S. A. V. Abakpa ◽  
B. O. Oluwo ◽  
J. O. Olukunle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Water melon, citrullus lanatus is a common edible fruit belongs to the family of cucumber (Cucurbitacea). The outer part of citrullus lanatus known as the rind is always discarded. This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds orally administered on some liver function enzymes, kidney function markers, cardiac risk ratio, and the atherogenic coefficient indices in male wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each received 0mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds respectively for 35days. The result showed that the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds was not significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase) in increasing dose dependent manner when compared with control group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in serum levels of urea and creatinine with increasing dose of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in rats when compared with control group. The extract showed significantly higher (p< 0.05) values in the serum HDL, cholesterol but there were significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and non-HDL values in rats at higher doses of the extract when compared with control group. While it was observed that the cardiac risk ratio, the atherogenic coefficient and indices decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in rats at increasing doses of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds when compared with control group. This may suggest a likely cardio-protective effects of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in increasing dose dependent manner in rats when compared with control group. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Citrullus lanatus rinds can be consumed by animals without detrimental effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Lippia multiflora leaf extract on the semen of Wistar rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
J. O. Olukunle ◽  
E. S. Ajibola ◽  
K. T. Biobaku ◽  
B. S. Okediran ◽  
O. A. Akinkuotu
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lippia Multiflora ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

To investigate the effect of Lippia multiflora (Verbanaceae) on the reproductive activity of male Wistar rats, three groups (A,B and C) of rats were treated with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day of Lippia multiflora leaves extract respectively for 28 days while 5ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Lippia multiflora leaf extract caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in sperm motility, a statistically significant dose dependent reduction in the sperm count and a significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in morphological abnormalities of the spermatozoa of the treated rats. Histopathological evaluation of the testis and epididymis revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules, spermiostasis and complete epididymal aspermia. Lippia multiflora leaf extract has significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats which could impair reproductive activities in these rats

scholarly journals Fractal Dimension in Liver Histological Findings of Wistar Rats Experimentally Intoxicated with Venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Keyko Navarro Saneshigue dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Felipe Izique Goiozo ◽  
Adriana Falco De Brito ◽  
Gabriela Haro De Melo ◽  
Cristiane De Pauli Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Crotalus Durissus Terrificus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

Background: Accidents caused by venom of Crotalus durissus snakes, popularly known in Brazil as rattlesnake, are second in relation to the occurrence and first place in deaths in humans and animals, mainly due to the great neurotoxic, myotoxic, coagulant, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of their venom. The effects observed are due to the action of the main poison fractions and among them we can mention crotoxin (representing 50% of the total poison), crotamine, gyroxine and conxulxin. The present study had the objective of analyzing by histology and fractal dimension liver samples of Wistar rats experimentally poisoned with venom of the snake Crotalus durissus terrificus. The hypothesis is that the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus is can induce hepatic damage at the dose recommended in this study, that its alterations can be quantified by the fractal dimension and that the antiofidic serum botropic crotalic be able to minimize the hepatic lesions induced by the venom.  Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety rats were distributed into different groups and treated with: control group (GC, n = 30) 0.9% sodium chloride solution; venom group (GV, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/kg; (GVS, n = 30) crotalic venom at the dose of 1 mg/Kg and antiofidic serum 6 h after the application of the venom at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. Liver samples were collected at 2 h (M1), 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) after venom administration and submitted to histological analysis and fractal dimension (DF) using the ImageJ® software and box-counting method. Procedures for collecting, processing and analyzing samples were standardized. For statistical analyzes, after the normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity by the Bartlett test, the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan test contrast with a significance level of 5%. No significant lesions were observed in GC, however necrosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization and absence of inflammatory infiltrate were observed in 8 h (M2) and 24 h (M3) in GV. In addition to the lesions found in the GV, mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate was evident always (2 h, 8 h and 24 h) in the GVS. The lesions of necrosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, considered of greater severity were visualized in M3 (24 h) in both GV and GVS. There was an increase in DF for the same changes in GV and GVS over time, but with no difference between them, but with a significant difference compared to CG. In this study, lesions evidenced in the liver were not minimized by the application of antiofidic serum at the recommended dose and during the time of observation of the animals. Discussion: This study agrees with other authors about the hepatotoxicity of crotalic venom in relation to histological findings and the results indicate an increase in DF for the findings of vacuolization and necrosis, proving to be an efficient method for the quantitative evaluation of morphological changes induced by venom without observer interference. In addition, non-protection of the liver by antiofidic serum was evident. It is concluded that Crotalus durissus terrificus venom causes important hepatotoxic effects in the first 24 h after experimental intoxication in rats; DF is effective in the quantitative morphological evaluation of liver changes and was characterized mainly by vacuolization and necrosis; the antiofidic serum did not protect the liver from lesions induced by crotalic venom according to the dose of venom and antiofidic serum and time of observation recommended in this study.

THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ROLE OF p-MCA IN AVERTING NDEA INDUCED HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Sriragavi Ravi ◽  
N. Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3

OBJECTIVES: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer and second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the biochemical, histopathological and chemotherapeutic efcacy of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) against N- nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approximately thirty male wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were designated for this study. The rats were arbitrarily separated into ve groups and each group comprised of six rats. Group 1 served as control; Group 2 rats received p-MCA at the dose of 80 mg/kg b.w. Group 3, 4 and 5 rats were induced HCC using NDEA. 2-acetylaminouorene (AAF) was used as a promotor. Group 4 and 5 rats received p-MCA at the doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. throughout the 12 week experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, liver tissues from all the rats were collected and liver specic enzymes, lipid peroxidation, markers, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status and brotic markers were evaluated.RESULTS: NDEA administration induced hepatocyte damage, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis. The liver sections from NDEA induced group 3 rats showed loss of lobular architecture, morphological changes in the nuclei and DNA damage. Administration of p-MCA to NDEA treated rats restored the hepatic architecture, enzyme activities, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis.CONCLUSION: We conclude that oral administration of p-MCA for 12 weeks exerts a signicant therapeutic effect against HCC by regulating the concentration of specic hepatic and xenobiotic enzymes, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing the inammatory response.

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

Clinical Impact of Co-medication of Levetiracetam and Clobazam with Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Drug Interaction Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Bhuvanachandra Pasupuleti ◽  
Vamshikrishna Gone ◽  
Ravali Baddam ◽  
Raj Kumar Venisetty ◽  
Om Prakash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Background: Clobazam (CLBZ) metabolized primarily by Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 than with CYP2C19, Whereas Levetiracetam (LEV) is metabolized by hydrolysis of the acetamide group. Few CYP enzymes are inhibited by Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole, and Rabeprazole in different extents that could affect drug concentrations in blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these PPIs on the plasma concentrations of LEV and CLBZ. Methods: Blood samples from 542 patients were included out of which 343 were male and 199 were female patients and were categorized as control and test. Plasma samples analyzed using an HPLC-UV method. Plasma concentrations were measured and compared to those treated and those not treated with PPIs. One way ANOVA and games Howell post hoc test used by SPSS 20 software. Results: CLBZ concentrations were significantly 10 folds higher in patients treated with Pantoprazole (P=0.000) and 07 folds higher in patients treated with Esmoprazole and Rabeprazole (P=0.00). Whereas plasma concentration of LEV control group has no statistical and significant difference when compared to pantoprazole (P=0.546) and with rabeprazole and esomeprazole was P=0.999. Conclusion: The effect of comedication with PPIs on the plasma concentration of clobazam is more pronounced for pantoprazole to a greater extent when compared to esomeprazole and rabeprazole. When pantoprazole is used in combination with clobazam, dose reduction of clobazam should be considered, or significance of PPIs is seen to avoid adverse effects.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

Particular Matter of Motor Vehicle Exposure and High-Fat Diet Effects on Kidney Histopathology, Creatinine, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Rizka Veni ◽  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Muflihatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to analyze the effect of combination of motor vehicle particular matter exposure and high-fat diet in kidney histopathology, creatinine levels, and MDA levels in Wistar rats. This study used a posttest-only control group design. Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The intervention groups received motor vehicle fume exposure for 100 s with normal diet (X1) or high-fat diet (X2), and the control group received no exposure (C). Data analysis was processed with a SPSS 25.0 computer program by using the one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc LSD. The degree of kidney histopathological damage showed significant differences between the X1 and X2 groups when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the creatinine level examination found a significant difference between the X2 and C groups (p < 0.05) and the treatment groups X1 and X2 (p < 0.05). The results of kidney MDA level examination showed a significant difference between the treatment groups (X1 and X2) and the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of particular matter of motor vehicle fumes exposure and high-fat diet could induce kidney damage through histopathological change and increased creatinine levels and kidney MDA levels in Wistar rats.

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

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