Word-formation in Slavic languages

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Körtvélyessy
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractCross-linguistic research in the field of word-formation (WF) is more or less an untilled area. The main goal of this paper is to compare WF systems in Slavic languages, to analyse and evaluate their nature by comparing WF processes and types in Slavic languages as a whole as well as in individual languages of the Slavic genus. The basis for the comparison is the parameter of saturation value which indicates the structural richness of WF systems in terms of synchronically productive processes. This parameter facilitates cross-linguistic comparison at different levels of generalization, in particular: (i) intra-language level – comparison of the relative contribution of individual WF processes within one language; (ii) inter-language level (a) – comparison of the role of selected WF processes in various languages; inter-language level (b) – comparison of WF systems of various languages; (iii) supra-language level – comparison of WF in various language genera; language families and/or areas (Sprachbunds). The most typical features of compounding, affixation and conversion in Slavic languages are highlighted and illustrated with examples. The method applied to the analysis of word-formation processes is the semasiological method. The results, summarized in tables, make it possible to identify prototypical features of word-formation in Slavic languages.

Appositive compounds in dialectal and sociolinguistic varieties of French

2020 ◽  
pp. 326-346
Author(s):  
Brigitte L. M. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Different Types

Over the last 100 years, appositive compounding—combining two nouns in apposition—has become one of the most productive word formation processes in French. In an attempt to account for this dramatic spread and building on existing diachronic research, this article examines the occurrence of appositive compounds in non-standard French during the twentieth century, in a number of Gallo-Romance dialects and in Poilu, a sociolect from the early twentieth century, bringing together historical, dialectal, and sociolinguistic data. Analysis includes the identification of the different types of appositive compound and their underlying structure. Moreover word order patterns and their potential geographic correlates will be investigated as well as the role of metaphors and metonymy. Data reflecting geographic variation and sociolinguistic stratification will thus help to determine what factors were at play in the expansion of appositive compounding in contemporary French.

A morphosemantic investigation of term formation processes in English and Spanish

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Driven by a shortage of studies on the morphosemantics of word-formation from a contrastive perspective, this article examines 200 English and Spanish terms from the olive oil industry with the aim of shedding light on their linguistic nature. This is achieved by use of a corpus which makes it possible to retrieve the units and their contexts from specialised texts. Besides considering the derivational features of the relevant terminogenesic processes, this investigation considers their semantic characteristics and connects the terms’ formal and meaning aspects. This, in turn, allows observing the close relationship between morphology and semantics in terminological spheres, which is directly linked with the role of these units as a tool for specialised communication. Once the morphosemantic features of the terms have been fully accounted for in English and Spanish individually, a comparison is drawn between the two languages in order to spot and describe similarities and differences.

scholarly journals Reduplication in Kurukh: A Study in Word-formation Processes and Vocabulary Acquisition

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Alisha Vandana Lakra ◽  
Md. Mojibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
Diachronic Study

Change is the nature of every  living language for better communication. These changes can be phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical, because of various linguistic affects. The synchronic and diachronic study of language proves that it enriches the vocabulary of the language. Another reason for the enrichment of vocabulary is through morphological word formation process which are mainly inflectional, derivational, compounding and reduplication, etc. Reduplication is implicit to phonological (sounds and prosodic units) and morphological (word constituents) components. It occurs in many languages and helps in the formation of new words. The present study concentrates on the process of reduplication Kurukh and the role of reduplication  in acquiring vocabulary.

scholarly journals Deminutywność w słowiańskich badaniach słowotwórczych. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów (Słowenia, Maribor, 25–29 maja 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kleszczowa ◽  
Magdalena Pastuchowa
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Slavic Languages

Deminutivity in Slavic word formation studies. Report from the conference of the Word-Formation Committee of the International Committee of Slavists (Slovenia, Maribor, 25–29 May 2015)The article is a report from the 16th International Scientific Conference of the Word-Formation Committee of the International Committee of Slavists, held in Maribor, Slovenia, on 25–29 May 2015. The authors offer a short discussion of each of the presentations, which in this edition of the Conference were devoted to the form and role of diminutives in Slavic languages. Deminutywność w słowiańskich badaniach słowotwórczych. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów (Słowenia, Maribor, 25–29 maja 2015)Artykuł stanowi sprawozdanie z odbywającej się w dniach 25–29 maja 2015 roku w Mariborze (Słowenia) XVI. Konferencji Komisji Słowotwórczej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów. Autorki omawiają kolejno wystąpienia uczestników, poświęcone w tej edycji formie i roli deminutywów w językach słowiańskich.

scholarly journals Semantic-Pragmatic Evolution of the Latin Prefix SUPER (according to Polish and English)

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
T. M. Shkapenko ◽  
E. V. Shapovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Formation System

The cognitive mechanisms underlying the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prepositive component of Latin origin super are described. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data of the modern Polish language, studied in comparison with the data of the English and Latin languages, acting as donors of the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prefix. It is proved that the locative semantics of the prefix serves as a trigger that starts the processes of metaphorical reinterpretation in modern English. It is shown that the final stage of the pragmatization of the formant is it’s functioning as an evaluative predicate and emotive interjection. It is stated that in the host Slavic language, the specificity of actualization in speech of the super component is determined by the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is emphasized that the integration of post-socialist countries into the global socio-economic space determines the intensive pragmatic-oriented use of this component in advertising discourse and in colloquial speech. It is noted that the influence of the linguistic factor - the features of the word-formation system - determines a new stage in the morphological evolution of the component super. It has been established that, within the affixal derivatives, a new meaning of an element acquiring the status of a root morpheme is being fixed. The relevance of the work performed is determined by the functional and explanative approach to the description of active word-formation processes occurring in modern Slavic languages under the influence of the universal tendency of linguistic globalization.

How to Live with External Evidence in Phonology: A Note on the Challenge of Interference

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
External Evidence ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Phonological Rules

As far as phonology and morphology are concerned, the available evidence indicates that the role of L1 in shaping interlanguage is confined to those of its rules that are needed to account for its global alternations, alternations that are independent of its morphology (cf. Cearly 1974, Dressler 1985, Kilbury 1981, Singh and Ford 1982, 1987, Singh and Martohardjono 1989, Wode 1978, and Wurzel 1977, among others). The rules needed to account for the local, morphologically dependent alternations of L1 or the ones needed to account for its word-formation processes do not play such a role. Interference, in other words, can be caused only by across-the-board phonological rules of L1. So-called morphophonemic rules of L1 do not cause it, and morphological interference from L1 seems not to exist as word-formation errors in intermorphology are the results of illegal extensions of L2 word-formation rules (cf. Singh 1989 and Singh and Martohardjono 1989). The purpose of this note is to critically examine the accounts contemporary theories of phonology provide of this state of affairs and to argue that the account provided by the sort of theory proposed in Ford and Singh (1983, 1985a, 1985b) and Singh and Ford (1982, 1987) is the most satisfactory one.

scholarly journals Metaphor and metonymy in word formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (spe) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Basilio
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

This work investigates the relevance of analogy, metonymy and metaphor in word formation patterns and their products. Initially, the semantic side of proportional analogy in morphological restructuring is analyzed. The work then concentrates on the role of metonymy in the formation of instrumentals and agent nouns. The last part of the work is dedicated to the role of metaphor in compounding. The main point of the paper is to show how metaphor is fundamental to the constitution of the lexicon and, consequently, how unfortunate for the discussion of metaphor in language is the relative disregard to word-formation processes.

scholarly journals ASSIGNMENT OF THE FORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF EMPHASIS IN THE FOREIGN AUDIENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Auxiliary Role ◽  
Selection Of

Free operation of verbs, which provide the processes of cognition of the medical student, is based on knowledge of their semantics, grammatical design and prosodic features. An important part of learning a new language is always its orthoepic characteristics. Assimilation of accentual norms is complicated by the mobile and free nature of accent in East Slavic languages. Emphasis mobility can be the only marker of grammatical meaning presentation in cases of form homography. The basis of success in developing the skills of using verb forms of the form can be linguistic-methodical forecasting and selection of language tools taking into account the profile of learning. The aim of the article was to describe the features of the formative role of emphasis in the presentation of the grammatical category of the verb, which should be considered in the process of teaching foreign medical students to prevent communicative failures in medicine and home. The article demonstrates how to achieve communicative competence in the audience offuture doctors, practicing the skills of accentuation of species oppositions in the study of actions with objects in different physical states. Particular attention is paid to work with polysemantic verbs such as vysypat - vysypat. Adherence to the principle of text-centricity in learning helps to combine tasks of semantic, grammatical and accentological order, which contributes to the expansion of student knowledge in all three aspects. A number of homograph verbs have been proposed for work in a foreign audience, in which the emphasis has become a grammatical way of conveying the species meaning not only in the infinitive, but also in the whole paradigm. A group of verbs is indicated in which only certain grammatical forms are distinguished by means of stress, and not all forms of the paradigm of different types of verbs. The auxiliary role of accentuation in speciation is considered, which complements affixation as the main way of perfection. Methodological developments are most expediently directed at the synthesis of grammatical, semantic, word-formation and accentuation aspects in the selection of specific text material on the topics of classes.

scholarly journals Derivational Morphology of Assamese Lexical Word Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Palash Das ◽  
Madhumita Barbora
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Spell Checker ◽  
Derivational Morphemes

Word formation by derivation is very productive in Assamese. A significant amount of words in Assamese owe their origin to derivation. The analysis in this paper takes into account the derivational processes related with lexical word categories, and, numerous bound morphemes that are used in the derivational process in the language. This analysis helps us to understand some of the important aspects of Assamese morphology. These aspects are - role of class maintaining and class changing morphemes, derivation of word from synonyms, productivity of derivational morphemes, morphophonemic changes in root as a result of affixation of derivational morphemes, presence of allomorphs of various bound morphemes, ability of a morpheme to derive words from different word categories. The significance of this papers lies in the fact that  these  word formation processes could help develop morphological rules that can be used for developing computational morphological tools like- stemmer, spell checker, tagger etc.

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