scholarly journals Semantic-Pragmatic Evolution of the Latin Prefix SUPER (according to Polish and English)

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
T. M. Shkapenko ◽  
E. V. Shapovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Formation System

The cognitive mechanisms underlying the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prepositive component of Latin origin super are described. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data of the modern Polish language, studied in comparison with the data of the English and Latin languages, acting as donors of the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prefix. It is proved that the locative semantics of the prefix serves as a trigger that starts the processes of metaphorical reinterpretation in modern English. It is shown that the final stage of the pragmatization of the formant is it’s functioning as an evaluative predicate and emotive interjection. It is stated that in the host Slavic language, the specificity of actualization in speech of the super component is determined by the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is emphasized that the integration of post-socialist countries into the global socio-economic space determines the intensive pragmatic-oriented use of this component in advertising discourse and in colloquial speech. It is noted that the influence of the linguistic factor - the features of the word-formation system - determines a new stage in the morphological evolution of the component super. It has been established that, within the affixal derivatives, a new meaning of an element acquiring the status of a root morpheme is being fixed. The relevance of the work performed is determined by the functional and explanative approach to the description of active word-formation processes occurring in modern Slavic languages under the influence of the universal tendency of linguistic globalization.

scholarly journals KO MPETENCJE SŁOWOTWÓRCZE POLSKICH DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH MIESZKAJĄCYCH W IRLANDII(NA PRZYKŁADZIE NAZW OSOBOWYCH ŻEŃSKICH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Natalia SIUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Context Of Learning

The complexity of word-formation in Slavic languages, especially in the Polish language, makes it very difficult for Polish speaking children and bilingual children to learn, especially when the second language is not Slavic. In this article I would like to concentrate on the linguistic problems in the context of learning word-formation by bilingual children aged 5-9 who live in Ireland and who learn Polish and English at the same time. I would like to juxtapose their level of word formation competence with those children who are Polish language speakers living in Poland and who are in the same age group (5-9). The research described below concerns the category of feminine gender words. The linguistic data used for the description were collected during the fieldwork research carried out with the group of thirty bilingual children. The results of the research allowed to establish the differences in the linguistic development of monolingual and bilingual children and to indicate the factors that determine the acquisition of word-formation competences. This type of research will help teachers and other specialists (psychologists, speech therapists) working with such children to better assess the language skills of bilingual children. They also allow to estimate the scale of difficulties that Polish children returning from emigration will encounter.

scholarly journals POLONISMS IN SUBDIALECTS OF REGION, TERNOPIL OBLAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Oksana Novitska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article analyzes the names of food and kitchen appliances from the Polish language used in the sub-dialectal speech of the inhabitants of Pidhaitsi region. Their semantics, etymology, functioning, peculiarities of word-formation have been determined. The correlation of the surveyed sub-dialects with other European languages and Ukrainian sub-dialects has been determined. The study of the names of food and kitchen appliances in the sub-dialects of Pidhaitsi region suggests that the vocabulary of the sub-dialects is rich in lexis borrowed from other languages, and in archaic elements and has a close connection with the lexis of neighboring languages and their dialects. Borrowing from different languages took place at different times, it is conditioned by a number of factors, among which the most important are the historical, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions of the development of Pidhaitsi region. The Polish language is one of the neighboring Slavic languages, which had one of the most powerful influences on the Ukrainian language. Borrowing foreign language vocabulary was not always straightforward. By the medium of the Polish language, Pidhaitsi region sub-dialects contain a lot of borrowings from other European languages. Pidhaitsi region sub-dialects are the central part of the Naddnistriansk dialect and to a certain extent represent the characteristic features of sub-dialects of Naddnistriansk dialect of the southwestern dialect.

scholarly journals Procesy Regulujące Zasoby Kategorii Słowotwórczych

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kleszczowa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
Formation System

Abstract In the consciousness of language users, there is an inherent awareness of an elaborated word­formative system, which was well­documented in the second half of the 20th century. However, each derivatologist knows very well that apart from phenomena which are strongly representative of this system, its order is disturbed by various processes. The first one in the order of precedence is the lexical factor – words which arise in accordance with the derivation­related rules are fused with the bulk of the lexicon and they are subject to the same transformations as the non­derived lexemes. But there may arise a discrepancy between the word form and the motivating word due to the semantic shift manifested by one of these elements. Then, the phenomena of reinterpretation occur which regulate the relations between the founding and the founded word. In the next part of the article, the author discusses borrowings from foreign languages which also disturb the order of the word­formation system, for as a rule, meanings of borrowed nouns refer to the name of an action and the name of the performer of an action. However, in Slavic languages, the foundations of these categories feature verbal instead of nominal elements. In that case, there arise verbs, usually in ­ować, and then – the process of the reversal of motivation occurs. The word formation system is also disturbed by processes which apply to the sphere of inflexion. The article discusses a new word formation category – resultative departicipial adjectives in ­ły.

scholarly journals Właściwości Derywacyjne Pożyczek Czasownikowych W XVI Wieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The 16th century is the period of intensified processes of assimilation of foreign forms. This period provides insight into the situation of new borrowings which began to appear in the Polish language for the first time in such an extent. A considerable number of borrowed lexemes fosters the establishment of word­formative links between those lexemes in the Polish context. In this manner, the particular derivation­related nests of foreign origin were developed. In her article, the author emphasizes above all the role of verbal Latin and Greek borrowings in the organisation of the abovementioned nests, inquiring about the extent to which borrowings disrupt the existing word formation system, and about the extent to which these borrowings blend with the word formative “system”. As derivation­related bases, verbs are associated with two types of formations: with nominal and with verbal derivatives. The word­formative relations which emerged in the Polish language between a borrowed verb and a noun (which is in many cases borrowed as well) are well­documented already in the period in question (annotacyja – annotować). However, in this period, motivation­based relations between verbal borrowings were not developed, and thus foreign verbal formants did not separate out. The adaptation of these elements in the Polish language, as demonstrated by the further development in the diachronic perspective, is considerably impeded.

scholarly journals Characteristics of derivative functioning with the suffix –sh(a) in russian jargon

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Makleeva ◽  
Vera Alekseevna Kosova ◽  
Elena Mikhailovna Markova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article discusses the features of the derivative functioning of with the suffix -sh(a) in Russian jargon.. The material for the research was the "Big Dictionary of Russian Jargon"  containing about 25,000 words. 20 units with the suffix -sh(a) were identified by the method of continuous sampling, their derivational and semantic properties were analyzed. It was found that out of 20 derivatives with the suffix -sh(a), seven are recorded in the National Corpus of the Russian language, representing by 97 contexts. Two words out of seven (guest performer and commandant) are used only in their direct meaning. No contexts have been identified in which these words would be used in the meaning recorded with the Great Dictionary of Russian Jargon. The main way of forming jargon with the suffix -sh(a) is the actual suffixation; in rare cases, suffix universalization is observed. The inclusion of foreign words in word-formation processes is noted, which confirms the productivity of this suffix in colloquial speech. It was found that the suffix -sh(a) performs the following functions in jargon: nominative, evaluative-expressive and style-forming.    

Word-formation in Slavic languages

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Körtvélyessy
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractCross-linguistic research in the field of word-formation (WF) is more or less an untilled area. The main goal of this paper is to compare WF systems in Slavic languages, to analyse and evaluate their nature by comparing WF processes and types in Slavic languages as a whole as well as in individual languages of the Slavic genus. The basis for the comparison is the parameter of saturation value which indicates the structural richness of WF systems in terms of synchronically productive processes. This parameter facilitates cross-linguistic comparison at different levels of generalization, in particular: (i) intra-language level – comparison of the relative contribution of individual WF processes within one language; (ii) inter-language level (a) – comparison of the role of selected WF processes in various languages; inter-language level (b) – comparison of WF systems of various languages; (iii) supra-language level – comparison of WF in various language genera; language families and/or areas (Sprachbunds). The most typical features of compounding, affixation and conversion in Slavic languages are highlighted and illustrated with examples. The method applied to the analysis of word-formation processes is the semasiological method. The results, summarized in tables, make it possible to identify prototypical features of word-formation in Slavic languages.

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

Translanguaging sequel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Political Dispute ◽  
Japanese Translation

Abstract The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese, wago (native Japanese words), kango (Sino-Japanese words), and gairaigo (foreign loanwords other than kango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.

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