The research reactor TRIGA Mainz – a strong and versatile neutron source for science and education

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Eberhardt ◽  
Christopher Geppert
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Penning Trap ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Pulse Mode ◽  
Reactor Physics ◽  
Steady State Mode ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Thermal Column ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The TRIGA Mark II-reactor at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) is one of three research reactors in Germany. The TRIGA Mainz became first critical on August 3rd, 1965. It can be operated in the steady state mode with a maximum power of 100 kWth and in the pulse mode with a peak power of 250 MWth and a pulse length of 30 ms. The TRIGA Mainz is equipped with a central thimble, a rotary specimen rack, three pneumatic transfer systems, four beam tubes, and a graphite thermal column. The TRIGA Mainz is intensively used both for basic and applied research in nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics. Two sources for ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) are operational at two beam ports. At a third beam port a Penning-Trap for highly precise mass measurements of exotic nuclides is installed. Education and training is another main field of activity. Here, various courses in nuclear and radiochemistry, reactor operation and reactor physics are held for scientists, advanced students, engineers, and technicians utilizing the TRIGA Mainz reactor.

scholarly journals A study of expected loss rates in the counting of particles from pulsed sources

1948 ◽  
Vol 194 (1039) ◽  
pp. 508-526 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Output Pulse ◽  
Expected Loss ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Experimental Physicist ◽  
Electrical Methods ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Loss Rates

The use in nuclear physics of accelerators giving a pulsed output leads to difficulties when electrical methods are used for detecting the particles produced. The counting losses due to the finite resolving time of the counting system are enhanced by reason of the pulsed nature of the source, and may become considerable unless the counting speed is kept quite low. The present paper contains some calculations on the loss rates to be expected. It is desirable for the resolving time of the counting system, i.e. the dead time following each count, to be much shorter than the pulse length of the accelerator, but since this is itself usually only a few microseconds, this condition is not easy to achieve. If the dead-time is greater than the duration of the accelerator pulse, the calculations are relatively easy but the losses may be high. Calculations for intermediate cases show that the losses can be estimated fairly accurately, and results of practical value can be obtained up to fairly high counting speeds when the dead-time is as high as 40 % of the pulse length. The accuracy with which the loss can be calculated will usually be limited by the uncertainty in our knowledge of the shape of the output pulse of the accelerator and of the exact length of the dead-time of the counting arrangement. The attention of the reader is particularly directed to appendix III, where the results of the calculations of this paper will be found summarized. The experimental physicist who wishes to make use of the results without following the detailed analysis may pass directly from the end of § 1 to this appendix, which will also be of value to others for rapid reference.

scholarly journals Masses and Beta-decay Studies of Neutron-rich Nuclei using the X-array and Gammasphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
F.G. Kondev ◽  
D.J. Hartley ◽  
R. Orford ◽  
J.A Clark ◽  
G. Savard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Penning Trap ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Radioactive Beam ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Rare Isotope

Properties of neutron-rich nuclei in the A˜160 region are important for achieving a better understanding of the nuclear structure in this region where little is known owing to diffculties in the production of these nuclei at the present nuclear physics facilities. These properties are essential ingredients in the interpretation of the rareearth peak at A˜160 in the r process abundance distribution, since theoretical models are sensitive to nuclear structure input. Predicated on these ideas, we have initiated a new experimental program at Argonne National Laboratory. During the first experiment, beams from the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade radioactive beam facility were used in conjunction with the SATURN decay station and the X-array. We focused initially on several odd-odd nuclei, where β decays of both the ground state and an excited isomer were investigated. Because of the spin difference, a variety of structures in the daughter nuclei were selectively populated and characterized based on their decay properties. Mass measurements using the Canadian Penning Trap aimed at establishing the excitation energy of the β-decaying isomers were also carried out. Evidence was found for a change in the single-particle structure, which in turn results in the formation of a sizable N=98 sub-shell gap at large deformation. Results from the first experimental campaign using the newly-commissioned β-decay station at Gammasphere are also presented.

scholarly journals Nuclear Science, Education, and Training at the Argonauta research reactor in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 05-18
Author(s):  
Luciana Carvalheira ◽  
Rogerio Chaffin Nunes ◽  
Francisco José de Oliveira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Reactor Physics ◽  
Nuclear Science ◽  
Know How ◽  
Nuclear Domain ◽  
And Training

This work presents the contribution of the Argonauta research reactor in the education and training of human resources in Nuclear Sciences. Since 1965, the Argonauta reactor, located at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has been offering theoretical and experimental classes to undergraduate and graduate students. Nuclear Physics and Reactor Physics are the major areas included in the classes provided by the Argonauta’s staff. Recently, Radiochemical classes were integrated in the program. The Argonauta reactor showed to provide substantial contributions to training and formation in the nuclear domain besides improving its capacity to develop know-how in the areas of Nuclear Science.

scholarly journals Polarized electrons at NIKHEF

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
N. H. Papadakis ◽  
Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Budker Institute ◽  
Polarized Electrons ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Semiconductor Physics ◽  
Circularly Polarized

A design for producing a beam of longitudinally polarized electrons stored in the AmPS ring has been made by a collaboration between NIKHEF, the Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics (BINP) and the Institute of Semiconductor Physics (ISP) from Novosibirsk. The polarized electrons are produced by illuminating a photoemissive cathode with circularly polarized light. A 100 keV electron beam with a peak current up to 40 mA and a pulse length up to 4 μσ is extracted from the cathode at a maximum repetition rate of 2 Hz.

Fundamentals of CANDU Reactor Physics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shen ◽  
Benjamin Rouben
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Reactor Physics ◽  
Candu Reactors ◽  
Engineering And Technology

Nuclear Engineering and Technology for the 21st Century - Monograph Series Jovica Riznic, Series Editor With more than 75 years of combined working experience in the area of reactor physics and safety, the intention of the authors of this monograph is to provide a practical book on reactor physics, particularly for the safe operation of aged CANDU reactors, with minimal mathematics or equations. The book gives a glimpse of first principles and their engineering application in reactor physics, for those who are interested in or are working in the Canadian nuclear industry. The book is also ideal as a reference for physicists, operators, regulatory staff, and for those who need to interact with reactor physicists at CANDU sites, nuclear laboratories, institutes, universities, or engineering companies. This book assumes prior knowledge of nuclear physics offered at the secondary level. As very few equations appear in the monograph, it is not considered suitable for specialists whose focus is only on calculations or on the development of software on reactor physics. Such readers should refer to the books listed in the bibliography at the end of the monograph.

scholarly journals Penning-Trap Mass Measurements in Atomic and Nuclear Physics

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Dilling ◽  
Klaus Blaum ◽  
Maxime Brodeur ◽  
Sergey Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Penning Trap ◽  
Nuclear Astrophysics ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Penning Trap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line

Penning-trap mass spectrometry in atomic and nuclear physics has become a well-established and reliable tool for the determination of atomic masses. In combination with short-lived radioactive nuclides it was first introduced at ISOLTRAP at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line facility (ISOLDE) at CERN. Penning traps have found new applications in coupling to other production mechanisms, such as in-flight production and separation systems. The applications in atomic and nuclear physics range from nuclear structure studies and related precision tests of theoretical approaches to description of the strong interaction to tests of the electroweak Standard Model, quantum electrodynamics and neutrino physics, and applications in nuclear astrophysics. The success of Penning-trap mass spectrometry is due to its precision and accuracy, even for low ion intensities (i.e., low production yields), as well as its very fast measurement cycle, enabling access to short-lived isotopes. The current reach in relative mass precision goes beyond δ m/ m=10−8, the half-life limit is as low as a few milliseconds, and the sensitivity is on the order of one ion per minute in the trap. We provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and applications of Penning-trap mass spectrometry in nuclear and atomic physics.

scholarly journals THE PRINCESS PROJECT: FROM DIFFERENTIAL TO INTEGRAL EXPERIMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 20002
Author(s):  
Isabelle Duhamel ◽  
Mariya Brovchenko ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Clavel ◽  
Matthieu Duluc ◽  
Raphaëlle Ichou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Reactor Physics ◽  
Neutron Physics ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Integral Data ◽  
Criticality Safety

Following the shutdown of the CEA Valduc experimental facilities, where, for more than 50 years, IRSN used to perform experiments related to criticality safety, IRSN initiated a new project named PRINCESS (PRoject for IRSN Neutron physics and Criticality Experimental data Supporting Safety). The objective is to continue collecting experimental data necessary for the IRSN missions in nuclear safety. For this purpose, collaborations with various national and international laboratories have been established. The PRINCESS project covers various nuclear physics fields from nuclear data to criticality-safety and reactor physics providing information to both differential and integral data improvements.

scholarly journals Beta-decay studies for applied and basic nuclear physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Algora ◽  
J. L. Tain ◽  
B. Rubio ◽  
M. Fallot ◽  
W. Gelletly
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Penning Trap ◽  
Neutron Emission ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Neutron Separation Energy ◽  
Total Absorption ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
Neutrino Spectrum ◽  
Absorption Technique

AbstractIn this review we will present the results of recent $$\beta $$ β -decay studies using the total absorption technique that cover topics of interest for applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics. The decays studied were selected primarily because they have a large impact on the prediction of (a) the decay heat in reactors, important for the safety of present and future reactors and (b) the reactor electron anti-neutrino spectrum, of interest for particle/nuclear physics and reactor monitoring. For these studies the total absorption technique was chosen, since it is the only method that allows one to obtain $$\beta $$ β -decay probabilities free from a systematic error called the Pandemonium effect. The total absorption technique is based on the detection of the $$\gamma $$ γ cascades that follow the initial $$\beta $$ β decay. For this reason the technique requires the use of calorimeters with very high $$\gamma $$ γ detection efficiency. The measurements presented and discussed here were performed mainly at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä (Finland) using isotopically pure beams provided by the JYFLTRAP Penning trap. Examples are presented to show that the results of our measurements on selected nuclei have had a large impact on predictions of both the decay heat and the anti-neutrino spectrum from reactors. Some of the cases involve $$\beta $$ β -delayed neutron emission thus one can study the competition between $$\gamma $$ γ - and neutron-emission from states above the neutron separation energy. The $$\gamma $$ γ -to-neutron emission ratios can be used to constrain neutron capture (n,$$\gamma $$ γ ) cross sections for unstable nuclei of interest in astrophysics. The information obtained from the measurements can also be used to test nuclear model predictions of half-lives and Pn values for decays of interest in astrophysical network calculations. These comparisons also provide insights into aspects of nuclear structure in particular regions of the nuclear chart.

Nuclear Processes Related to the Ap Stars and the Heaviest Chemical Elements

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
B. Kuchowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Isotopic Shifts ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
R Process ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
Nuclear Processes

SummaryIsotopic shifts in the lines of the heavy elements in Ap stars, and the characteristic abundance pattern of these elements point to the fact that we are observing mainly the products of rapid neutron capture. The peculiar A stars may be treated as the show windows for the products of a recent r-process in their neighbourhood. This process can be located either in Supernovae exploding in a binary system in which the present Ap stars were secondaries, or in Supernovae exploding in young clusters. Secondary processes, e.g. spontaneous fission or nuclear reactions with highly abundant fission products, may occur further with the r-processed material in the surface of the Ap stars. The role of these stars to the theory of nucleosynthesis and to nuclear physics is emphasized.

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