scholarly journals Physio-biochemical analyses in seedlings of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids that are grown under salt stress under in vitro conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz ◽  
Hakan Kır
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to analyze the physio-biochemical responses of two sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum Sudanese Stapf.) hybrid (“Aneto” and “Sugar Graze”) seedlings exposed to salt stress.Materials and methodsSorghum-sudangrass hybrid seeds sown in MS medium containing 50 and 100 mM NaCl. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, APX), chlorophyll (a, b, and total), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline levels measured in 14 days old seedlings.ResultsAs a result of the study, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, and GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and chlorophyll contents of seedlings of cv. “Aneto” increased. On the other hand, SOD activity, proline, and chlorophyll content increased while CAT, APX, GR activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased in seedlings of cv. “Sugar graze”.ConclusionOverall, the results showed that the cv. “Aneto” was less affected by the adverse effects of salt stress than the cv. “Sugar graze”. This study is essential for revealing biochemical responses of 14 days old Sorghum-Sudanese hybrid seedlings against salt stress. These study findings can use in breeding programs for sorghum plants.

scholarly journals Biochemical Responses of Shoot and Root Tissues of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) to NaCl-Salt Stress Under İn Vitro Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Root Tissues

Sainfoin (Fabaceae) is one of the most critical animal forage crops. However, the tolerance of sainfoin is low against to salinity. This study aims to investigate biochemical responses of the shoot and root tissue of sainfoin seedlings to moderate salt stress under in vitro conditions. For this aim, the seed of sainfoin were sown MS medium containing 100 mM NaCl. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, and GR), proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured in shoot and root tissue of 35-day-old seedlings of sainfoin. A significantly higher constitutive catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in shoot tissues when compared to root tissues. Overall, salt stress caused significant more enhancement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX, and GR) in shoot tissues than root tissue. On the other hand, among the antioxidant enzymes, SOD seems to be more active in both tissues of sainfoin. Interestingly, the activity of GR reduced in both tissue under salt stress. The content of proline and MDA has been increased under salt stress and this increase has been more in the root tissue. This study has revealed biochemical responses to salt stress in different organs of sainfoin.

Biochemical responses of sainfoin shoot and root tissues to drought stress in In vitro Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Root Tissues

This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical responses of the shoot and root tissues of sainfoin to drought stress under in vitro conditions. Seeds of sainfoin were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with addition of concentrations of PEG-6000 (50, 100, and 150 g/l). Biochemical analyzes (CAT, SOD, GR, and APX enzyme activity; proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll contents) were carried out on the 35-day-old seedlings. The principal results of the study were that CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes seemed to play a critical role in oxidative stress in both tissues of sainfoin seedlings. On the other hand, a significant decrease in GR activity and no change in APX activity detected in both tissues under stress. The contents of proline and MDA increased in both tissues while the chlorophyll contents decreased in the shoot tissue. Antioxidant enzyme activities seemed to be more active in the root tissue than the shoot tissue. Accumulation of proline was higher in the root tissue, while the MDA content was higher in the shoot tissue of the seedlings.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Adaptive Responses to Sheath Blight Infestation under Different Fertilization Rates and Hill Densities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xuejie Wan ◽  
Farooq Shah ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Jianliang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Agar Block ◽  
Mda Content

Sheath blight of rice, caused byRhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. No rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Identifying antioxidant enzymes activities (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) responding to sheath blight infestation is imperative to understand the defensive mechanism systems of rice. In the present study, two inoculation methods (toothpick and agar block method) were tested in double-season rice. Toothpick method had greater lesion length than agar block method in late season. A higher MDA content was found under toothpick method compared with agar block method, which led to greater POD and SOD activities. Dense planting caused higher lesion length resulting in a higher MDA content, which also subsequently stimulated higher POD and SOD activity. Sheath blight severity was significantly related to the activity of antioxidant enzyme during both seasons. The present study implies that rice plants possess a system of antioxidant protective enzymes which helps them in adaptation to sheath blight infection stresses. Several agronomic practices, such as rational use of fertilizers and optimum planting density, involved in regulating antioxidant protective enzyme systems can be regarded as promising strategy to suppress the sheath blight development.

scholarly journals Melatonin Application Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Cen ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Huayue Liu ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Yunwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated forage grass. The productivity and forage quality of alfalfa are severely affected by salt stress. Melatonin is a bioactive molecule with versatile physiological functions and plays important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Melatonin has been proven efficient in improving alfalfa drought and waterlogging tolerance in recent studies. In our reports, we applied melatonin exogenously to explore the effects of melatonin on alfalfa growth and salt resistance. The results demonstrated that melatonin application promoted alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced oxidative damage under salt stress. Further application research found that melatonin alleviated salt injury in alfalfa plants under salt stress. The electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and H2O2 content were significantly reduced, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were increased with melatonin pretreatment compared to control plants under salt stress with the upregulation of genes related to melatonin and antioxidant enzymes biosynthesis. Melatonin was also involved in reducing Na+ accumulation in alfalfa plants. Our study indicates that melatonin plays a primary role as an antioxidant in scavenging H2O2 and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa plants.

Comparison of Biochemical Responses of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Seedling Organs to Salinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Root Tissues

Background: Shoots and roots are autotrophic and heterotrophic organs of plants with different physiological and biochemical functions under stress conditions. The metabolites involved in tolerance enhancement differed between roots and shoots. In this study, the biochemical changes occurring in shoot and root organs under salt stress and the level of these changes were investigated. However, these changes in shoot and root organs were compared.Methods: Seeds of common vetch were sown and subjected to 14 days of salt stress in basal MS medium containing 100 mM NaCl. In shoot and root tissue, biochemical parameters such as antioxidant enzymes activities (GR, APX, SOD and CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and proline accumulation were determined.Result: Results of the study indicated that the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT (except in shoot), GR and APX), MDA and proline accumulation enhanced by salt stress in both organs. On the other hand, morphological parameters decreased in both tissues. It seemed that antioxidant enzyme activities more active in root tissues. However, proline accumulation was found higher in shoot tissues than root tissue, while MDA content was higher in root tissue than shoot tissue. The present investigation provides essential information for the antioxidant components of the shoot and root organs of vetch seedlings under salt stress.

Total Antioxidant Activity of Substances Extracted from JinHua Ham In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1646-1649
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Xiao Li Zhou ◽  
Ting Feng Hao ◽  
Yi Ming Zhou ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Jinhua Ham

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of samples extracted from Jinhua ham. The activities of SOD and contents of MDA and NO were measured after mice were kept on feeding the four peaks separated by using chromatographic column. Peak-3 obviously enhanced the activity of SOD and MDA. Peak-1 and peak-2 had little influence on the activity of SOD and MDA. Peak-4 decreased their activities. All peaks obviously decreased content of NO. Results showed that these four peaks had excellent antioxidant activity. Finally, influences of sample extracted from ham on SOD activity, MDA content and GSH-PX activity in vitro of mouse liver and heart were also studied. Certain dose of samples would lead the decrease of SOD activity, MDA content and GSH-PX activity. This results showed that the sample have certain oxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Functional Characteristics of The Stelar K+ Outward Rectifying Channel (EeSKOR) Gene in Elytrigia Elongata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Tian ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Peichun Mao ◽  
Mingli Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

Abstract As an important nutrient, K+ plays a crucial role in plant stress resistance. It has been reported that the stelar K+ outward rectifying channel (SKOR) is involved in loading K+ into the xylem for its transport from roots to shoots. Elytrigia elongata is a perennial, sparsely distributed, rhizome-type herbaceous plant belonging to the wheatgrass family; it has high salt tolerance. Here, we isolated EeSKOR from decaploid E. elongata and investigated its function in transgenic tobacco. The results showed that EeSKOR was mainly expressed in the roots and was up-regulated with increasing salinity and drought intensity. Overexpression of EeSKOR in plants exposed to salt stress enhanced growth performance, increased SOD activity and chlorophyll content, significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA content, reduced Na+ concentration, and increased K+ concentration in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type (WT) and null vector (Vector) plants. Our findings suggest that transgenic plants overexpressing EeSKOR could enhance K+ transport from the roots to the aboveground parts to maintain K+ steady-state in the aboveground under conditions of salt stress, thereby enhancing tobacco salt tolerance.

Protective Effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Rats Induced by α-Naphthylisothiocyanate

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 1393-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Mu-Jun Chang ◽  
Yan-Jiao Xu ◽  
Xi-Ping Li ◽  
Guang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Polyethylene Tube ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Induced Changes

Calculus Bovis Sativus (also referred to as in vitro Cultured Calculus Bovis), an artificial substitute of natural Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang in Chinese, a traditional Chinese medicine), has been widely used to relieve fever, diminish inflammation and normalize gallbladder function in the last decade. This study aims to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Calculus Bovis Sativus on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Calculus Bovis Sativus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg per day) was intragastrically (i.g.) given to experimental rats for seven consecutive days. A single dose of ANIT (100 mg/kg i.g.) was given to rats on the fifth day to induce intrahepatic cholestasis. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalinephosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined through biochemical methods. The bile duct was cannulated with a PE 10 polyethylene tube to collect bile for two hours and bile flow was calculated by the weight of each specimen. Moreover, the mechanism of Calculus Bovis Sativus was elucidated by determining liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examinations. Our results showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly prevented ANIT-induced changes in bile flow and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and TBIL. Furthermore, Calculus Bovis Sativus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated hepatic MDA content induced by ANIT and increased the hepatic SOD activity suppressed by ANIT. Accordingly, histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after Calculus Bovis Sativus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) pretreatment. In conclusion, Calculus Bovis Sativus exerted a protective effect on ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, which may result from the attenuated oxidative damage in liver tissues.

scholarly journals Preparation of Ginsenoside Rg3 and Protection against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Xiao-xiao Zhang ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Xiao-ning Liu ◽  
Cheng-jun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
C Nmr

The aim of this study is to evaluate the protection of ginsenoside Rg3 against oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3) and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(S)-Rg3) were prepared by the method of chemical degradation and column chromatography, and the structure of the two compounds was characterized by1H-NMR and13C-NMR spectroscopy. MTT assay and LDH leakage assay were used to determine the cell viability and the oxidative stress cellular model was established by means of H2O2(600 μM for 4 h). We also investigated the changes of intracellular MDA content, SOD activity, and ROS formation after the treatment of ginsenoside Rg3 for 20 h. The results indicated that both 20 (R)-Rg3 and 20 (S)-Rg3 had obvious protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, 20(R)-Rg3 exhibited better antioxidant activity than 20(S)-Rg3in vitro. These findings are expected to provide some implication for further research and application of ginsenoside Rg3 in neuroprotection.

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