scholarly journals Functional Characteristics of The Stelar K+ Outward Rectifying Channel (EeSKOR) Gene in Elytrigia Elongata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Tian ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Peichun Mao ◽  
Mingli Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

Abstract As an important nutrient, K+ plays a crucial role in plant stress resistance. It has been reported that the stelar K+ outward rectifying channel (SKOR) is involved in loading K+ into the xylem for its transport from roots to shoots. Elytrigia elongata is a perennial, sparsely distributed, rhizome-type herbaceous plant belonging to the wheatgrass family; it has high salt tolerance. Here, we isolated EeSKOR from decaploid E. elongata and investigated its function in transgenic tobacco. The results showed that EeSKOR was mainly expressed in the roots and was up-regulated with increasing salinity and drought intensity. Overexpression of EeSKOR in plants exposed to salt stress enhanced growth performance, increased SOD activity and chlorophyll content, significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA content, reduced Na+ concentration, and increased K+ concentration in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type (WT) and null vector (Vector) plants. Our findings suggest that transgenic plants overexpressing EeSKOR could enhance K+ transport from the roots to the aboveground parts to maintain K+ steady-state in the aboveground under conditions of salt stress, thereby enhancing tobacco salt tolerance.

scholarly journals OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Betula halophila in Response to Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenjuan Shao ◽  
Lisha Zhang ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
Deyou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Overly Sensitive

Soil salinization is a matter of concern worldwide. It can eventually lead to the desertification of land and severely damage local agricultural production and the ecological environment. Betula halophila is a tree with high salt tolerance, so it is of importance to understand and discover the salt responsive genes of B. halophila for breeding salinity resistant varieties of trees. However, there is no report on the transcriptome in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Using Illumina sequencing platform, approximately 460 M raw reads were generated and assembled into 117,091 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 64,551 unigenes (55.12%) were annotated with gene descriptions, while the other 44.88% were unknown. 168 up-regulated genes and 351 down-regulated genes were identified, respectively. These Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) involved in multiple pathways including the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, ion transport and uptake, antioxidant enzyme, ABA signal pathway and so on. The gene ontology (GO) enrichments suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in a plant-type cell wall organization biological process, cell wall cellular component, and structural constituent of cell wall molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the top-four enriched pathways were ‘Fatty acid elongation’, ‘Ribosome’, ‘Sphingolipid metabolism’ and ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’. The expression patterns of sixteen DEGs were analyzed by qRT-PCR to verify the RNA-seq data. Among them, the transcription factor AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized gene and dehydrins might play an important role in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Our results provide an important gene resource to breed salt tolerant plants and useful information for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in B. halophila.

scholarly journals The full-length transcriptome of Spartina alterniflora reveals the complexity of high salt tolerance in monocotyledonous halophyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Ye ◽  
Taotao Wang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shuaitong Lou ◽  
Faxiu Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

ABSTRACTSpartina alterniflora (Spartina) is the only halophyte in the salt marsh. However, the molecular basis of its high salt tolerance remains elusive. In this study, we used PacBio full-length single molecule long-read sequencing and RNA-seq to elucidate the transcriptome dynamics of high salt tolerance in Spartina by salt-gradient experiments (0, 350, 500 and 800 mM NaCl). We systematically analyzed the gene expression diversity and deciphered possible roles of ion transporters, protein kinases and photosynthesis in salt tolerance. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis revealed several hub genes in salt stress regulatory networks, including protein kinases such as SaOST1, SaCIPK10 and three SaLRRs. Furthermore, high salt stress affected the gene expression of photosynthesis through down-regulation at the transcription level and alternative splicing at the post-transcriptional level. In addition, overexpression of two Spartina salt-tolerant genes SaHSP70-I and SaAF2 in Arabidopsis significantly promoted the salt tolerance of transgenic lines. Finally, we built the SAPacBio website for visualizing the full-length transcriptome sequences, transcription factors, ncRNAs, salt-tolerant genes, and alternative splicing events in Spartina. Overall, this study sheds light on the high salt tolerance mechanisms of monocotyledonous-halophyte and demonstrates the potential of Spartina genes for engineering salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Novel ROP Gene from the Banana (MaROP5g) Confers Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Miao ◽  
Peiguang Sun ◽  
Juhua Liu ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Biyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Primary Roots

Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs) are plant-specific molecular switches that are crucial for plant survival when subjected to abiotic stress. We identified and characterized 17 novel ROP proteins from Musa acuminata (MaROPs) using genomic techniques. The identified MaROPs fell into three of the four previously described ROP groups (Groups II–IV), with MaROPs in each group having similar genetic structures and conserved motifs. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that the two banana genotypes tested, Fen Jiao and BaXi Jiao, had similar responses to abiotic stress: Six genes (MaROP-3b, -5a, -5c, -5f, -5g, and -6) were highly expressed in response to cold, salt, and drought stress conditions in both genotypes. Of these, MaROP5g was most highly expressed in response to salt stress. Co-localization experiments showed that the MaROP5g protein was localized at the plasma membrane. When subjected to salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MaROP5g had longer primary roots and increased survival rates compared to wild-type A. thaliana. The increased salt tolerance conferred by MaROP5g might be related to reduced membrane injury and the increased cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and Ca2+ concentration in the transgenic plants as compared to wild-type. The increased expression of salt overly sensitive (SOS)-pathway genes and calcium-signaling pathway genes in MaROP5g-overexpressing A. thaliana reflected the enhanced tolerance to salt stress by the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type. Collectively, our results suggested that abiotic stress tolerance in banana plants might be regulated by multiple MaROPs, and that MaROP5g might enhance salt tolerance by increasing root length, improving membrane injury and ion distribution.

scholarly journals Overexpression of 2-Cys Prx increased salt tolerance of photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ) in tobacco

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-hui Zhang ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Si-yu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Gene Overexpression ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Donor And Acceptor

To explore the plant active oxygen scavenging and photosynthesis function of 2-Cys Prx, a newly discovered member of the antioxidant protease family, the tobacco 2-Cys Prx gene was cloned into the plant expression vector prok Ⅱ. This vector, which is controlled by the constitutive strong promoter CaMV35S, was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacteria-mediated transformation. The 816-bp open reading frame of tobacco 2-Cys Prx encodes 271 amino acids and showed high homology with 2-Cys Prx genes from Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Populus trichocarpa, indicating 2-Cys Prx gene is highly conserved. The active oxygen metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence response to salt stress were also studied. Under salt stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tobacco leaves increased, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased. Additionally, the donor- and acceptor-side function of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) were affected by salt stress to different degrees, with the latter significantly more affected than the former. The H2O2 and malondialdehyde content of 2-Cys Prx-overexpression tobacco leaves under salt stress were all significantly lower than those of wild-type (CK) leaves. The PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the performance index on absorption basis (PIABS) of 2-Cys Prx-overexpression leaves were significantly lower than those of CK leaves under salt stress. Various relative fluorescence intensities of the 2-Cys Prx-overexpression plants exhibited significantly lower increases in amplitude than those of CK plants. Thus, 2-Cys Prx increased the salt tolerance of PSⅡ function and lowered the PSⅡ light inhibition effect in plants under salt stress, suggesting that 2-Cys Prx gene overexpression can alleviate H2O2 buildup and lower the peroxide levels of cytomembrane lipids under salt stress. Thus, 2-Cys Prx gene overexpression can protect oxygen-evolving complex function at the donor side of PSⅡ under salt stress and also improve electron transfer at the acceptor side of PSⅡ.

scholarly journals The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Yousefirad ◽  
Hassan Soltanloo ◽  
Sayad Sanaz Ramezanpour ◽  
Khalil Zaynalinezhad ◽  
Vahid Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/­[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.

scholarly journals Melatonin Application Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Cen ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Huayue Liu ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Yunwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated forage grass. The productivity and forage quality of alfalfa are severely affected by salt stress. Melatonin is a bioactive molecule with versatile physiological functions and plays important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Melatonin has been proven efficient in improving alfalfa drought and waterlogging tolerance in recent studies. In our reports, we applied melatonin exogenously to explore the effects of melatonin on alfalfa growth and salt resistance. The results demonstrated that melatonin application promoted alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced oxidative damage under salt stress. Further application research found that melatonin alleviated salt injury in alfalfa plants under salt stress. The electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and H2O2 content were significantly reduced, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were increased with melatonin pretreatment compared to control plants under salt stress with the upregulation of genes related to melatonin and antioxidant enzymes biosynthesis. Melatonin was also involved in reducing Na+ accumulation in alfalfa plants. Our study indicates that melatonin plays a primary role as an antioxidant in scavenging H2O2 and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa plants.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Grapevine VvIAA18 Gene Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Changxi Dang ◽  
Yuxiu Ye ◽  
Zunxin Wang ◽  
Laibao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Plants

In plants, auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins are transcriptional regulators that regulate developmental process and responses to phytohormones and stress treatments. However, the regulatory functions of the Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) Aux/IAA transcription factor gene VvIAA18 have not been reported. In this study, the VvIAA18 gene was successfully cloned from grapevine. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that VvIAA18 was localized to the nucleus. Expression analysis in yeast showed that the full length of VvIAA18 exhibited transcriptional activation. Salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants and Escherichia. coli was significantly enhanced by VvIAA18 overexpression. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that overexpression of VvIAA18 up-regulated the salt stress-responsive genes, including pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (NtP5CS), late embryogenesis abundant protein (NtLEA5), superoxide dismutase (NtSOD), and peroxidase (NtPOD) genes, under salt stress. Enzymatic analyses found that the transgenic plants had higher SOD and POD activities under salt stress. Meanwhile, component analysis showed that the content of proline in transgenic plants increased significantly, while the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. Based on the above results, the VvIAA18 gene is related to improving the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. The VvIAA18 gene has the potential to be applied to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Ensieh Ashrafi ◽  
Morteza Zahedi ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effect of salt stress on enzyme activities of nine alfalfa cultivars at germination and seedling stage was studied. The activities of SOD, GR, POX and APOX were higher in salt tolerant and lower in salt sensitive cultivars. Results of the effect of salt stress on the SOD, GR, POX, APOX activities and MDA content may be used to select salt tolerance cultivars at the germination and seedling stages. SOD, GR, POX, APOX and MDA may play an important role in salt tolerant mechanisms in alfalfa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21672 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 191-196, 2014 (September)

scholarly journals Changes in the Physiological Parameters ofSbPIP1-Transformed Wheat Plants under Salt Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Yu ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
H. X. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Mda Content

The SbPIP1 gene is a new member of the plasma membrane major intrinsic gene family cloned from the euhalophyteSalicornia bigeloviiTorr. In order to understand the physiological responses in plants that are mediated by the SbPIP1 gene, SbPIP1-overexpressing wheat lines and WT plants of the wheat cv. Ningmai 13 were treated with salt stress. Several physiological parameters, such as the proline content, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the content of soluble sugars and proteins, were compared between SbPIP1-transformed lines and WT plants under normal growth or salt stress conditions. The results indicate that overexpression of the SbPIP1 gene can increase the accumulation of the osmolyte proline, decrease the MDA content, and enhance the soluble sugar biosynthesis in the early period but has no influence on the regulation of soluble protein biosynthesis in wheat. The results suggest that SbPIP1 contributes to salt tolerance by facilitating the accumulation of the osmolyte proline, increasing the antioxidant response, and increasing the biosynthesis of soluble sugar in the early period. These results indicate SbPIP1 plays an important role in the salt stress response. Overexpression of SbPIP1 might be used to improve the salt tolerance of important crop plants.

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