Twitterst du schon oder mailst du noch? Microblogging als Ausdruck des Kommunikationswandels im Web 2.0. Ein Forschungsbericht zu den Implikationen im Tourismus

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Amersdorffer ◽  
Hans Hopfinger
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Travel Industry

ZusammenfassungDer Tourismus als „Leitindustrie des 21. Jahrhunderts“ gilt heute als einer der am stärksten globalisierten Wirtschaftszweige der Weltwirtschaft. Touristische Produkte werden global und trotz hin und wieder auftretender Krisen in großer und weiterhin stark ansteigender Menge und Intensität produziert und konsumiert. Es sind moderne Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT), die mitunter als Motor diese Entwicklung vorantreiben: „Information is the lifeblood of the travel industry. It connects travellers, tour operators, travel agents and tourism industry suppliers” (zit. Vanhove 2001, S. 137). Vormals vor allem für den Betrieb von internationen Distributions- und Reservierungssystemen der Reiseindustrie eingesetzt gewinnen IKT seit seit einigen Jahren auch im Tourismusmarketing an Bedeutung. So ist Onlinemarketing zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil im Marketing-Mix von Tourismusanbietern geworden (vgl. Möhler, Schmücker 2005). Hintergrund ist, dass die Zahl der Internetnutzer stetig ansteigt; momentan gibt es 1,2 Milliarden Internetnutzer weltweit (UNWTO 2008). Als Konsequenz davon wächst auch die Bedeutung von IKT für das Tourismusmarketing weiter an. Ihre Nutzung entwickelt sich zu einem der zentralen Erfolgsfaktoren im Tourismusmarketing (vgl. Salzburg Research 2007), denn das Internet spielt bei der Reiseentscheidung von Gästen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle (vgl. UNWTO 2008).

scholarly journals An Analysis on the Consumer Legal Protection in Umrah Package Travel Industry During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Norhasliza binti Ghapa ◽  
Farhanin binti Abdullah Asuhaimi ◽  
Noraida binti Harun ◽  
Zuhairah Ariff Abd Ghadas
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
The Government ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Package Travel

Umrah package travel has been recognized as one of the main contributors to the Malaysian tourism industry. Muslims in Malaysia travel by package to Mecca and Medina for their specific purpose: to perform religious duty (Umrah) to fulfill the unity of spirit, heart and soul. Recently, thousands of Umrah packages were cancelled by the local tour operators and travel agents due to the decision made by the government of Saudi Arabia who banned the entry to Mecca and Medina due to the fast spread of Covid-19. Consequently, tour operators and travel agents respond differently to this extraordinary circumstance which leads to tremendous loss to the consumers. Thus, this paper aims to investigate how the Malaysian legal system safeguards the rights and interests of Umrah package travelers in Malaysia in the event of extraordinary circumstance by analyzing the existing academic literature and relevant statutes including Consumer Protection Act 1999, Tourism Industry Act 1992 and MATTA Code of Ethics for Members. The results of the above analysis will define the adequacy of the existing legal framework and the mechanism that we still need to protect the welfare of Umrah package travelers.

scholarly journals Tourism and the hospitality industry: current state problems and prospects of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 09038
Author(s):  
Irina Buharova ◽  
Liliya Vereshchagina
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

The article considers the current trends in the development of the tourism and hospitality industry as the most important ways to develop the geographical, cultural, social and political space. The article analyzes the state support measures for service sector enterprises, as well as the main current problems among tour operators and travel agents, which were identified by the Russian Union of Travel Industry. Recommendations for the development of tourism in the current situation are given, two key trends of the tourism industry for 2021 are analyzed.

The role of information technology applications in profitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Madhukar ◽  
Deependra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
It Applications ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Role Of Information

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of information technology (IT) applications in the profitability of the Indian travel and tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research was conducted and an in-depth interview technique was applied for the collection of primary data. Traditional travel agents, tour operators, online travel agents and hoteliers in Gurgaon were investigated to explore issues pertaining to the study, and all responses were recorded and later transcribed. The identities of interviewees and their properties are not revealed to preserve confidentiality. Findings The analysis reveals that IT plays a significant role in the profitability of the tourism and travel industry. These include competitive pricing attained via dynamic pricing especially in the hotel industry, promotion and improved efficiency in rendering services to tourists and access to tourists virtually anywhere and at any time. Practical implications The findings have direct and indirect implications for different stakeholders – notably, travelers, owners and executives of businesses in the travel industry, as well as for researchers. Executives and owners can discern the critical implications of adopting IT to take their businesses to a new level. They should also be able to appreciate the fact that to remain competitive, practitioners must explore the potential opportunities emerging through IT. Originality/value Organizations in this sector are moving from traditional business models to more technologically dependent approaches. In particular, this study shows how the use of IT applications is influencing the profitability of the travel and tourism industry especially in India.

scholarly journals MILLENNIALS: A NEW TREND FOR THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

10.26458/1838 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan SOFRONOV
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Buying Decisions

The purpose of this paper is how millennials change and influencing the tourism industry and their importance for travel in the world.Having grown up with near-ubiquitous internet access and beginning their professional careers in the wake of a financial crisis, millennials are using technology to make savvy travel-buying decisions, largely based on the perceived authenticity of the experience they are offered.Millennials travel more than any other demographic. On average, they take 35 days of vacation each year, and they’re also bucking the trend by increasing their annual travel spend as other generations intend to be more conservative with their cash.Millennial travelers are interested in authenticity, fulfillment and sustainability. That’s a message that tour operators, travel agents and the entire travel industry needs to understand.The millennials represent 27 percent of the global population or about 2 billion people.

MARKETING ROLE IN TOURIST OFFER DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1685-1688
Author(s):  
Sherif Sejdiu
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Travel Industry

The tourism industry is sensitive to global and regional political, economic and social events and phenomena, and has also demonstrated a strong response force and speed to regain the path of positive growth despite the not favorable state of the world economy and indicators the moderate development that it has performed, as well as the uncertainty highlighted in the demand in general and tourism in particular because of the low level of demand for this product category. In any marketing strategy that has four components of mix marketing: product, pricing, distribution, and promotion are needed, as they play a useful role, though they do not have the same weight. Some of these elements and, in some cases, only one of them has a determining role in comparison to competitors and, consequently, are the key factor to succeed. The role of the product, a better price, the sales force or the distribution network more efficiently than the competitors, the promotion policy, etc. may be the role. Distribution includes all possibilities, ways, and methods for dispersing products across market segments, locations to direct customer contact. Distribution is one of the mixing marketing elements. It has direct links to product policy, pricing and promotion policy. For the successful realization of the marketing strategy it is important to supply customers with certain products. Likewise, these products should be available in a certain amount, in certain places, and at the time when the consumer so requests. In surveys of demand measurement in the tourism and travel industry, the use of some basic indicators is noted. Although the independent variables involved in tourism demand measurement models vary greatly according to the objectives and the field of specialization and research of researchers, the use of some basic indicators as a measure of tourist demand variables in its modeling and forecast makes it possible standardization of data and their unified reporting at the global and local level. The variation of tourist achievement is the most used for measuring tourism demand at least in the last twenty years. Specifically, this variable is measured by the total tourist achievement from a source to a destination, which can further be disrupted in tourist achievements for holiday purposes, business travel achievements, tourist achievements for family and friends visits, tourist achievements by means of travel, such as air, sea, road and so on. Some studies also use destination spending as a demand-measurement variable, while other researchers are even more rigorous using tourist spending for specific categories and certain products and purchases in general. Other indicators used are tourism income, employment in the tourism and travel industry, as well as exports and imports.

scholarly journals Assortative Matching of Tourists and Destinations: Agents or Algorithms?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Ralf Buckley ◽  
Mary-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Automated Algorithms

We propose that assortative matching, a well-established paradigm in other industry sectors and academic disciplines, can underpin the concept of destination matching. This provides a new foundation to integrate research concepts and terminology in destination marketing and destination choice. We argue that the commercial tourism industry already applies destination matching approaches, with three historical phases. Initially, matching of tourists and destinations relied on the tacit expertise of specialist agents. This still applies in specialist subsectors. For generalist travel and accommodation, human agents were partially replaced by online travel agents, OTAs, which are customised algorithms operating only in the travel sector. These still exist, but their share price trends suggest decreasing significance. Currently, automated assortative algorithms use multiple sources of digital data to push appealing offers to potential purchasers, across all retail sectors. Digital marketing strategies for tourism products, enterprises, and destinations are now just one category of generalised product–purchaser matching, using entirely automated algorithms. Researchers do not have access to proprietary algorithms, but we can identify which components they incorporate by analysing their underlying patents. We propose that theories of destination marketing and choice need to reflect these recent and rapid real-world changes via deliberate analysis of destination matching.

Curvilinear effects of e-loyalty in China’s online tourism industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyan Yang ◽  
Xiaoni Zhang ◽  
Samuel Goh ◽  
Chad Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Online Travel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand e-loyalty in the travel industry. Specifically, this paper aims to examine the curvilinear relationship between predictors and e-loyalty. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was conducted using an online survey with one of the largest travel companies in China. Structural equation modeling was used to test the models, and pair-wise nested F-tests were used to compare the models. Findings Results show that the curvilinear model has greater explanatory power of loyalty than traditional linear models. The results of pair-wise nested F-tests show that the loyalty model exhibits statistically significant R2 improvement compared to the linear model. However, the R2 improvement in the integrated model is not statistically different from that in the linear model. Confirmation and satisfaction are found to be salient factors influencing loyalty. Research limitations/implications This study makes important contributions to the online community literature by understanding the drivers of loyalty in the travel industry. However, there are limitations. First, this study addressed member loyalty of an online travel community with data collected from one company. Thus, generalizability is limited. Online communities and firms may have different characteristics, resulting in different factors influencing consumer loyalty. The authors plan in the future to collect data from other online travel companies and examine their model with different samples so as to check the generalizability of the current findings. Second, the authors collected a snapshot view on loyalty. Both researchers and managers note that small changes in loyalty and retention can yield disproportionately large changes in profitability (Reichheld et al., 2000). Consumer loyalty may change over time, so to maintain and increase profits, it is important to monitor such change. In the future, the authors plan to conduct a longitudinal study of community members to evaluate their loyalty over time. Practical implications As China seeks to gain additional market share in the global tourism market, travel companies should make use of websites as a marketing tool to attract and retain customers. These actions enable a travel company to enhance its competitiveness. More and more people use the internet for tour deals, bookings and finding tour-related information. Effective use of websites can affect the competitiveness of ecommerce companies. E-vendors could assess and adopt the dimensions recommended in this paper to help better understand areas for improvement. It is common today for consumers to buy travel products online instead of going through a travel agent. Considering the importance of reciprocity in formulating consumer satisfaction and loyalty in the virtual environment, companies should monitor reciprocal behavior on the virtual community. With advancement in technologies, consumer behaviors have changed and more consumers prefer social interactions in the virtual world. Companies can analyze posts in the virtual environment to assess reciprocity and may design a mechanism to foster reciprocal behaviors. By leveraging reciprocity, firms can better connect satisfaction with loyalty. More than 70 per cent of executives surveyed by McKinsey (2012) said that they regularly generate value through their Web communities. In addition, to pay attention to consumer to consumer reciprocity in the virtual world, companies should listen to what customers say in their online community, as this attention is an indication of reciprocity between consumers and companies. The ideas and opinions expressed in the online community tell the company customers’ perception of the value of its products and customers’ needs. Such attention to the voices in the online community will help companies to better tailor products/services to meet customers’ needs. Furthermore, the voices expressed in the virtual community are also effective in developing and maintaining new internet marketing opportunities such as email marketing, giveaways, search engine optimization, pay per click and shopping comparison marketing. Companies interested in retaining and attracting customers should leverage their established virtual communities and pay close attention to online posts and evaluate members’ satisfaction. Such effort will provide tangible benefits. As shown in Ye et al.’s study, traveler reviews produce a significant impact on online sales (Ye et al., 2011), with a 10 per cent increase in traveler review ratings, boosting online bookings by more than 5 per cent. This finding suggests that businesses should link online user-generated reviews to business performance in tourism. Finding incentives for users to share might be one way to improve interactivity and further create stickiness on the part of the website. Originality/value This paper is one of the first studies to address the need to move beyond linear models of e-loyalty and to additionally examine potential curvilinear and interactive effects. This study also identifies key variables such as reciprocity and satisfaction as determinants of e-loyalty in the Chinese online travel and tourism industry.

scholarly journals Exploring the influence of training and development on employee’s performance: Empirical evidence from the Indian tourism industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Arwab ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nasir Ansari ◽  
Mohd Azhar ◽  
Mohd Ashraf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Travel Industry

The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of training and development on employee’s performance through different dimensions. Moreover, this study proposes a model in the area of human resource development to be used for testing and improving the performance of employees in the Indian travel and tourism sector. An integrated model was developed highlighting the relationship between the training and development and employee performance. Using the sample of 146 employees, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to validate the hypothesized relationship by evaluating the responses of employees working in the Indian travel agencies. The findings of this study demonstrate a strong relationship between training and development and employee performance in the travel industry and also can be used by managers and HR professionals for organizing exclusive training programs for improving employee's performance based on the dimensions used in this paper. The present study provides an empirical and theoretical explanation of different dimensions associated with training and development and employee performance, especially in the Indian tourism industry.

scholarly journals The Current Trends in Marketing Research in the Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
N. I. Yurchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
World Market ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
The World

Currently, the tourism industry continues to outpace the global economy despite deteriorating global economic prospects, tensions in international trade, social worries, geopolitical uncertainty, instability and the COVID-19 pandemic. The article is aimed at identifying modern trends of marketing research as part of the complex of marketing instruments in the tourism sphere. To achieve this aim, the article uses the following research methods: abstract-logical; situational analysis; mean, absolute and relative values; comparison, graphic, sociological; statistical analysis; economic-mathematical; expert surveys and estimations. Based on the data of the World Tourism Organization, the indicators of development of the world market of tourist services are analyzed. Performed were the following: analysis of the dynamics of the number of subjects of tourism activity (tour operators and travel agents) in Ukraine; total average number of full-time employees; income from the provision of tourist services; operating expenses for the provision of tourist services; number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine. The content of marketing research is disclosed as a multi-stage process, which should include the collection, registration and analysis of data in the sphere of tourism business. Marketing researches should be conducted according to 8 stages: determining the problem; development of the concept of research; cabinet marketing research; field market research; analysis of market conditions (supply and demand); research of foreign markets; simulation modeling; formation of a marketing information system. In order to determine the rating of tour operators of the mass segment of the tourism market in 2020, a questionnaire containing 16 questions is specified. Its results can be used when evaluating tour operators in terms of customer comfort and cooperation with travel agents. It is proved that marketing research in the tourism industry is advisable to be carried out systematically. This will provide for substantiating and elaborating managerial solutions in order to maximize the satisfaction of the needs of consumers of tourist services and solve the problems of significant seasonal fluctuations in demand.

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