scholarly journals Towards a broad-coverage graphemic analysis of large historical corpora

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Sandra Waldenberger ◽  
Stefanie Dipper ◽  
Ilka Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Coverage Graph ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper presents a method which we are developing to explore graphemic variation in large historical corpora of German. Historical corpora provide an amount of data at the level of graphemics which cannot be handled exhaustively using common methods of manual evaluation. To deal with this challenge, we apply methods from computational linguistics to pave the way for a broad-coverage graph(em)ic analysis of large historical corpora. In this paper, we show how our approach can be applied to the Reference Corpus of Middle High German. Illustrating our method and linguistic analysis, we present findings from our investigations into diatopic and/or diachronic variation as documented in 13th and 14th century charters (Urkunden) from the corpus.

scholarly journals Fra ‘letterario’ e digitale

Le Simplegadi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Andrea Cuna
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Humanities Computing ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Way

Father Roberto Busa is widely recognised as the founder of Humanities Computing (HC) because of his pioneering approach to text analysis, which paved the way for computational linguistics. Over the years, this early focus on linguistic analysis has evolved to include new ways of combining humanities with computing. Digital Humanities (DH) provide a common outlook that has a markedly methodological nature and an interdisciplinary focus. The aim of this paper is to review some of the key issues behind the shift from HC to DH, highlighting elements of continuity and/or change.

scholarly journals The potentialities of corpus-based techniques for analyzing literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Khalid Shakir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
As I Lay Dying ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Way

This paper presents an attempt to explore the analytical potential of five corpus-based techniques: concordances, frequency lists, keyword lists, collocate lists, and dispersion plots. The basic question addressed is related to the contribution that these techniques make to gain more objective and insightful knowledge of the way literary meanings are encoded and of the way the literary language is organized. Three sizable English novels (Joyc's Ulysses, Woolf's The Waves, and Faulkner's As I Lay Dying) are laid to corpus linguistic analysis. It is only by virtue of corpus-based techniques that huge amounts of literary data are analyzable. Otherwise, the data will keep on to be not more than several lines of poetry or short excerpts of narrative. The corpus-based techniques presented throughout this paper contribute more or less to a sort of rigorous interpretation of literary texts far from the intuitive approaches usually utilized in traditional stylistics.

Walter Burley on divine Ideas

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
Chiara Paladini
Keyword(s):  
Ontological Status ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Divine Essence ◽  
The World ◽  
Divine Freedom ◽  
Mode Of Being ◽  
Walter Burley ◽  
The Way

This paper focuses on the theory of divine ideas of Walter Burley (1275-1347). The medieval common theory of divine ideas, developed by Augustine, was intended to provide an answer to the question of the order and intelligibility of the world. The world is rationally organized since God created it according to the models existing eternally in his mind. Augustine's theory, however, left open problems such as reconciling the principle of God's unity with the plurality of ideas, the way in which ideas can or cannot be said to be eternal, their ontological status. Medieval authors discussed such questions until at least the late 14th century. By resorting to the semantic tool of connotation, Burley explains both in what way ‘idea' can signify the divine essence as much as the creatures (thereby reconciling the principle of God's unity with the multiplicity of ideas), and in what sense we can say that God has thought them from eternity, without slipping into a necessitarian view that undermines the principle of divine freedom. Moreover, by envisaging the objective mode of being as the only mode of being of ideas, he explains in what way they truly differ from one another on the basis of their different conceptual contents

‘Some have it from Birth, Some by Disposition’:1 Foolishness in Medieval German Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Dillig
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Wolfram Von Eschenbach ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle High German Literature

This chapter examines depictions of fools in Middle High German literature to demonstrate that the medieval idea of folly is more complex than a simple opposition to reason, and to ascertain if there are notions of intellectual disability in the German Middle Ages. To understand medieval ideas of foolishness, this chapter explores the difference between ‘will fool’ and ‘natural fool’ as depicted by Konrad von Megenberg in the 14th century. This medieval differentiation is then tracked through several different Middle High German texts, including the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach and the Middle High German stories Die halbe Birne and Des Mönches Not.

scholarly journals Libertà e contingenza della fruizione beatifica nello scotismo del primo ’300

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Alliney
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Beatific Vision ◽  
The Will ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Way

Este estudo tem como objeto a recepção da teoria scotista da vontade no início do século 14. Interesse precípuo é o modo como autores, sobretudo franciscanos, a partir das Universidades de Paris e de Oxford, discutiram sobre a possibilidade de uma escolha livre ou de um ato da própria vontade, por parte dos bemaventurados, quando da visão de Deus. Para tanto, pressuposições gerais da teoria scotista da vontade são apresentadas, bem como as inovações dos filósofos influenciados por Scotus. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Teoria scotista da vontade. Visão beatífica. Liberdade. Influência do pensamento scotista no século 14. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the reception of Scotus’s theory of will in the beginning of the 14th Century. The main interest is the way some authors, specially Franciscan thinkers, departing from the Universities of Paris and Oxford, discussed about the possibility for the blessed of a free choice or an act of the will itself concerning the vision of God. For this purpose, general pressupositions of Scotus’s theory of will shall be presented, as well as the innovations of those philosophers influenced by Scotus. KEY WORDS – Scotus’s theory of will. Beatific vision. Freedom. Influence os Scotistic thought in the 14th Century.

scholarly journals Translation difficulties in the Romanian version of Arthur Schopenhauer’s Aphorisms. A contrastive and diachronic analysis (II)

Diacronia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia-Iuliana Vârlan
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
The Way

This paper continues the linguistic analysis on various editions of the Romanian version of Arthur Schopenhauer’s late philosophical work Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life, an analysis which was conducted along two research directions that have been here preserved: the contrastive one (a direct comparison between source-text and target-text) and the diachronic one (considering the translator’s interventions on his own text at different points in time). The results of this analysis shall be presented here along the conclusions of the linguistic approach performed in order to objectively observe the way the translator, Titu Maiorescu, solved the difficulties of translating a German philosophical text into Romanian, by recording both his achievements and his imperfections. The linguistic approach of our analysis is useful not only to our discussion on philosophic translation, but also to possible forthcoming translators of the Aphorisms, whose intention might be that of adapting the discourse of the existent Romanian version written by Titu Maiorescu to the possibilities of Romanian contemporary language, considering its considerable evolution, especially as far as philosophical terminology is concerned.

scholarly journals Some points about Ho Quy Ly’s socio-economic reform policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Tran Thuan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Talented People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Throughout the history of Vietnam, 10 socio-economic reformations have occurred. The size, level, nature and outcome of those reforms varied, but they all shared the same trait showing progress and revolution, especially ideology. Many leaders of socio-economic revolutions were talented people in the society who saw the cause leading to crises and the way to resolve them. They could be emperors, Confucian intellectuals, officials, etc. The reformation of Ho Quy Ly from the late 14th to the early 15th centuries is among them. It is a comprehensive and breakthrough reformation. Throughout 40 years, with his political position, Ho Quy Ly made some policies to change crisis status in terms of socio-economy in the late 14th century, especially economy. Over 600 years, many studies about Ho Quy Ly and his reform gave out many different opinions. In the feudal period, the Ho Dynasty and its reform received many negative reviews from historians who were affected by Confucianism. However, after 1954, this topic came back on research forums of modern historians in Vietnam. Those researches help researches about Ho Quy Ly's role in history become more positive than periods before. This paper will analyze the background of Vietnam society in the half-end of the 14th century to clarify reasons leading to Ho Quy Ly's changes. From the results, we can objectively judge the thoughts of the reform by Ho Quy Ly when facing the requests of his living period.

scholarly journals Deutsche Teil- und Regrammatikalisierung

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
John Ole Askedal
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
The Way

The present paper deals with some putative cases of so-called ‘halted’ or ‘arrested grammaticalization’ in the history of German. The following phenomena are discussed: Old High German perfect auxiliaries; the modals ‘shall’, ‘will’ and the transformative copula werden as sources of future auxiliaries in Old, Middle and New High German; some shortened verb forms in Middle High German; the Old High German etc. pronoun of identity der selbo used as a demonstrative or personal pronoun; the inflection of determiners, quantifiers and adjectives in New High German; Old High German thô, dô and Middle High German ez as syntactic ‘place-holders’ in sentence-initial position; the syntactic status of the German so-called ‘ethical dative’; and the demise of Old High German -lîhho, Middle High German -lîche as an adverb-forming suffix. It is claimed that certain general language-specific, ‘characterological’ patterns influence the way in which the grammaticalization developments in question are halted or, sometimes, given another direction by way of regrammaticalization.

scholarly journals Pragmatic functions of interrogatives in media texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Irina N. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Active Commitment ◽  
The Way

A number of approaches to media texts tend to apply an interactive model to communication, and the texts are seen are intrinsically dialogic, relying on the receivers’ subjective interpretation of meaning and activation of intertextual relations. In addition, media texts are increasingly used as material for linguistic analysis with the aim to reveal how their linguistic potential is utilized by journalists to convey messages and ideas, and influence the audience. The paper discusses the pragmatic functions of interrogatives and the way they are realized in media text, more specifically in newspaper articles’ headlines, leads and bodies excerpted from British and American online media over a period of two months. The analysis is mapped against previous research of interrogatives in the field of pragmatics and medialinguistics. The main findings show that interrogatives in headlines realize a range of pragmatic roles when used on their own or as part of paratactic or hypotactic complexes. These roles are closely dependent on their syntactic and semantic features and can range from attracting and focusing readers’ attention, to urging readers to think about issues, look for certain types of answers in the text, or think of their own answers or reactions. Headlines can be expanded or clarified in the sub-headings, lead and main body of the article. In the main body, interrogatives help to structure and authenticate writer’s dialogue with the audience, making the narrative or argumentation more emphatic, and soliciting active commitment to issues, feedback and empathy from the audience. Furthermore, some topics of high public interest and importance might lead to an increase in the number of questions in media texts. Further research of larger and more varied thematically material might throw light on the way different topics affect the frequency and distribution of pragmatic roles of interrogatives in media texts.

scholarly journals Frau Ava’s, the first named German female writer’s, poem Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ and its Lithuanian translation

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Aleksej Burov ◽  
Ignė Vrubliauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Present Article ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
World War ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
John The Baptist ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Manuscript Dating

The present article offers an overview of several poems written by Frau Ava (1060–1127), a German poetess whose literary works are virtually unknown in Lithuania. Ava, an anchoress in Melk Abbey, is the first named German female writer, who broke ‘the deep silence of German literature’ lasting over a century (Stein 1976, 5). All poems attributed to Frau Ava are of religious character: Johannes ‘John the Baptist’ (446 lines), Leben Jesu ‘Life of Jesus’ (2418 lines), Antichrist (118 lines) and Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ (406 lines), which make up an impressive biblical epic of 3388 lines. Leben Jesu, Antichrist and Jüngstes Gericht are found in the Vorau Manuscript dating the first half of the 12th century (Codex 276, 115va-125ra), whereas the Görlitz Manuscript (Codex A III. 1. 10), compiled in the 14th century but lost during World War II, contains the poem Johannes as well as the other poems mentioned above, excluding the epilogue of Jüngstes Gericht (lines 393-406).The article presents an overview of Frau Ava’s life and works as well as a Lithuanian translation of her poem Jüngstes Gericht, written in Early Middle High German (Ger. Frümittelhochdeutsch). The translation is based on Maike Glaußnitzer and Kassnadra Sperl’s text, published in 2014.

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