Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Synchronized Synechococcus leopoliensis

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Döhler ◽  
Günter Datz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Synechococcus Leopoliensis ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract The cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis (Anacystis nidulans, strain L 1402-1) grown at 39 °C and 2 vol. % CO : could be synchronized by a light/dark regime of 3:5 h (white light intensity 1.5 × 104 erg cm-2 sec-1). Content of pigments (chlorophyll a. phycocyanin and carotenoids), R N A and proteins increased linearly up to 100% at the end of the light period while DNA synthesis was lower. Chlorophyll a synthesis was correlated to the photosystem I activity of the isolated thylakoids and to the formation of MGD G . Galacto lipids were synthesized in the light period, only. A lag phase of 2h was observed in the biosynthesis of SQDG and PG. No significant differences were found between the cell and thylakoid fractions. Palmitic (C16:0), hexadecenoic (C16:1) and octadecenoic (C18:1) acid as major com ponents accounted for more than 90% of total fatty acids in MGD G , DGDG and SQDG . PG contains a small amount of stearic (C18:0) and heptadecenoic (C17:1) acid. No significant variations in the fatty acid distribution of all lipids could be detected in the cell fraction during the division cycle. Changes in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids were found in isolated thylakoids. only. In experiments with [14C]bicarbonate main radioactivity was measured in galacto lipids while using [14C]acetate SQDG and PG were markedly [14C]labelled. Results were discussed with reference to the findings of eucaryotic algae and the formation of photosynthetic membranes.

Fatty Acid Composition of Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Farrington ◽  
James G. Quinn ◽  
Wayne R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Narragansett Bay ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Polluted Station

Samples of the infaunal invertebrates Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, have been analyzed for their fatty acid distribution. Based on total fatty acids, Yoldia contains 9–16% of an acid tentatively identified as 22:2. The ratios of 18:1/18:0 and 18:1/20:1 fatty acids of Nephtys from a polluted station in the bay are lower than the corresponding ratios for animals from relatively clean areas.

scholarly journals Analysis Fatty Acids Profile in Tabanus bivittatus Mats with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Wang Yanhua ◽  
Wu Fuhua ◽  
Guo Zhaohan ◽  
Peng Mingxing ◽  
Xia Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Tabanus bivittatus Mats., a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for cardiovascular disorders treatment including atherosclerosis. There have been only a few researches on its chemical components, and no detailed report has appeared on its fatty acids. To develop a simple and effective method for the extraction of total fatty acids from Tabanus bivittatus Mats., the Soxhlet extraction (SE) condition was optimized with response surface methodology. The fatty acid composition of the extract were determined by GC-MS with previous derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The major fatty acids in Tabanus bivittatus Mats. were oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids occupy 63.9% of the total fatty acids.

On the specificity of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides in monophosphoinositide biosynthesis by rat brain preparations

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bishop ◽  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cytidine Diphosphate ◽  
Palmitic Acids

Some properties of the enzyme cytidine diphosphate diglyceride : inositol transferase which catalyzes the reaction[Formula: see text]have been studied with various preparations from rat brain. The enzyme was found to be primarily located in the microsomal fraction (either the 12 000 × g supernatant or the 90 000 × g pellet). Optimal conditions were established for pH and concentrations of each of the reactants and Mn2+ ion. A number of cytidine diphosphate diglycerides with different fatty acids in the 1- and 2-positions were synthesized chemically and used as substrates for the above reaction. The substrates included those with the following distribution of fatty acids: 1,2-dipalmitoyl; 1,2-distearoyl; 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-stearoyl,2-oleoyl; 1-oleoyl,2-stearoyl and 1,2-dioleoyl. It was observed that those substrates with oleic at the 2-position were more readily utilized than those containing palmitic or stearic acids at the 2-position or at both the 1- and 2-positions. This selectivity for cytidine diphosphate diglyceride with an unsaturated fatty acid at the 2-position was consistent with the pattern of fatty acid distribution found for isolated rat brain monophosphoinositide. In the latter, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic acids) were predominantly located at the 1-position and unsaturated fatty acids (20:4, arachidonic acid) were predominantly located in the 2-position.

scholarly journals Lipid Profile of the Skin and Muscle of Freshwater Sardine (Pellenula afzeliusi): Nutritional /Dietary Implications

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
MA Oyarekua
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The levels of fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols were determined in the skin and muscle of Pellenula afzeliusi using gas chromatograph. Results showed crude fat varied from 0.697-7.476 g/100 g; SFA varied from 30.3-34.8 % of total fatty acids, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 57.3-61.2 %, PUFA range was 12.1-17.8 % and PUFA/SFA ranged from 0.348-0.587. Both skin and muscle had high levels of n-6 fatty acids but low in n-3 fatty acids. The correlation coefficient was significantly and positively high at r = 0.05 in the fatty acids. In the phospholipids, cephalin was highest in skin but lecithin was highest in the muscle with respective values of 965 and 432 (mg/100 g). The sterol values in the skin varied between 111-112 (111.5±0.58) mg/100 g and muscle was 19.5-19.6 (19.6±0.058) mg/100 g. Whilst 100 g skin would provide 5.233 g fatty acids, 100 g muscle would provide 0.488 g fatty acids. Key words: Lipid profile; Skin and muscle; Pellenula afzeliusi; Gas chromatograph; Fatty acid; Phospholipid; Sterol DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9602 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 523-532

Criteria for essential fatty acid deficiency in plasma as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Siguel ◽  
K M Chee ◽  
J X Gong ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract To develop criteria for deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), we used capillary-column gas-liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma obtained in the fasting state from 56 reference subjects and from 10 patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and suspected EFA deficiency. Fatty acid evaluations (percentage of total fatty acids) that allowed for a clear distinction (P less than 0.01) between reference subjects and patients, based on values two standard deviations below or above the reference mean, included values for linoleic acid (18:2w6) below 27%, and values for palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1w7), oleic acid (18:1w9), vaccenic acid (18:1w7), and Mead acid (20:3w9) exceeding 21%, 2.6%, 23.3%, 2.1%, and 0.21%, respectively. Ratios of total EFA to total non-EFA of less than 0.60 and of Mead acid to arachidonic acid of greater than 0.025 also served to identify patients, and were not found in reference subjects. Significant inverse correlations between percentages of plasma EFA and plasma mono-unsaturated fatty acids were noted. Our reference-interval data can be used to assess normality of plasma EFA status.

Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil Produced in Hainan

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Gong ◽  
Gan Ran Deng ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Guo Jie Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Crude palm oil (CPO) was extracted from fresh fruit bunches of RYL7 oil palm cultivated in Hainan by using a self-made single stage screw press. The physicochemical characteristics and Fatty acid composition of the CPO was investigated. The experimental results included melting point (33.10 °C), density (0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C), acid value (8.35 mg KOH/g), iodine value (62.72 mg iodine/g), saponifiable value (198.02 mg KOH/g), moisture and volatile matter (0.16% of total lipids), insoluble impurities (0.04% of total lipids), unsaponifiable matter (0.40% of total lipids). Oleic acid (40.90% of total fatty acids), palmitic acid (37.88% of total fatty acids), linoleic (14.29% of total fatty acids), followed by stearic acid (5.11% of total fatty acids) were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the oil. The unsaturated oleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in CPO of Hainan while saturated palmitic acid was the most principal fatty acid in palm oil from Malaysia. The contents of linolenic, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this CPO were 4.09%, 5.09%, 4.09% higher than that of Malaysia, respectively. In addition, the percentages of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids of this oil were 5.62%, 6.01% lower than that of Malaysia, respectively.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Maha Hoteit ◽  
Edwina Zoghbi ◽  
Alissar Rady ◽  
Iman Shankiti ◽  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases is on the rise in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Lebanon. This study aimed to provide data on fatty acid profiles and ratios of Lebanese composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market foods. Methods: Thirty types of traditional dishes, collected from five different Lebanese governorates, thirty-seven types of Arabic sweets and forty-six market food products were considered for analysis. Food samples were chemically analyzed for total, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The range of total fatty acids in composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products was between 1.2–11.7 g/100 g, 5.3–25.8 g/100 g, and 0.5–100 g/100 g, respectively. Additionally, the range of saturated fatty acids in composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products was between 0.5–4.9 g/100 g, 2.5–23.6 g/100 g and 0.1–56.4 g/100 g, respectively. Furthermore, about 75% of these foods were poor in unsaturated fatty acids. Regarding saturated fatty acid, the polyunsaturated to monounsaturated (P.M.S) ratio was lower than the recommended ratio of 1:1:1 in 96% of samples. To conclude, there is a need to prioritize fat content in foods and consider processing modifications in the food production system with the aim of achieving a higher P:M:S ratio intake among the population.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profiles and Production in Marine Phytoplankton

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrún Jónasdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Stearidonic Acid ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Microalgae are the primary producers of carbon in marine ecosystems, fixing carbon and subsequently generating various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Most importantly, microalgae are the generators and main suppliers of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA) in the marine ecosystem, which have a fundamental importance for the functioning and quality of the whole marine food web. A meta-analysis of over 160 fatty acid profiles of 7 marine phytoplankton phyla reveals not only a phyla-specific, but also a highly class-specific PUFA production of marine phytoplankton. The highest EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5ω3) production per total fatty acids was found in 2 classes of Haptophyta and in Ochrophyta, while Dinophyta and the Haptophyte Emiliana huxleyi show the highest production of DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6ω3). An important precursor for EPA, Stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4ω3) is found in high proportions in Cryptophyta and the Chlorophta class Pyramimonadophyceae. Per unit of carbon, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria were the poorest producers of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The remaining phyla had a similar HUFA contribution per unit of carbon but with different compositions. The nutritional and environmental effects on the phytoplankton PUFA production is summarized and shows a lowering of the PUFA content under stressful environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Green Vegetables

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S125-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vidrih ◽  
S. Filip ◽  
J. Hribar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Higher Fatty Acids

Green vegetables are considered an important source of some nutritionally important constituents that have health benefits (e.g. vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fibre). Epidemiological data suggest that consuming a diet rich in fruit and vegetables can lower the risks for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Over the past 100–150 years, there have been enormous increases in the consumption of omega-6 fatty acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from various seeds. Studies have indicated that a high intake of omega-6 fatty acids shifts the physiological state to one that is prothrombotic and pro-aggregatory, whereas omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic and vasodilatory properties. Literature data regarding the contents of higher fatty acids (e.g. omega-6 fatty acids) in vegetables are scarce, although vegetables are known to contain a high proportion of n-3 fatty acids. Here, the fatty acid content and composition was determined for 26 green vegetables that are commonly available in Slovenia, by gas-liquid chromatography and <I>in situ</I> transesterification. The fatty acid analysis revealed C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. The total fatty acid content in the vegetables ranged from 500 mg/100 g fresh weight (f.w.) in red cabbage, to 4.000 mg/100 g f.w. in tarragon. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (as g/100 g total fatty acids) ranged from 12% to 35%. All of the vegetables contained a high proportion of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ranging from 45% to 81% of total fatty acids. The omega-3 PUFA proportion ranged from 5% in carrot to 60% in tarragon. The content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 1% to 25%. French beans, tarragon and radish sprouts contained the highest concentrations of C16:1, at 5 mg/100 g f.w. Consumption of 100 g of tarragon meets 13.2% of daily requirements for &alpha;-linolenic acid; similarly, for radish sprouts 9.4%, for mangold 6.9%, for ruccola 5.4%, for green salad 5.0%, and for kale 4.7%. Green vegetables are an important source of 18:3n-3 PUFAs, especially for vegetarian populations.

scholarly journals Adaptive Changes in Membrane Lipids of Barophilic Bacteria in Response to Changes in Growth Pressure

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Yano ◽  
Akihiko Nakayama ◽  
Kenji Ishihara ◽  
Hiroaki Saito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Growth Pressure ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The lipid compositions of barophilic bacterial strains which contained docosahexaenoic acid (DHA [22:6n-3]) were examined, and the adaptive changes of these compositions were analyzed in response to growth pressure. In the facultatively barophilic strain 16C1, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were major components which had the same fatty acid chains. However, in PE, monounsaturated fatty acids such as hexadecenoic acid were major components, and DHA accounted for only 3.7% of the total fatty acids, while in PG, DHA accounted for 29.6% of the total fatty acids. In response to an increase in growth pressure in strain 16C1, the amounts of saturated fatty acids in PE were reduced, and these decreases were mainly balanced by an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, including DHA. In PG, the decrease in saturated fatty acids was mainly balanced by an increase in DHA. Similar adaptive changes in fatty acid composition were observed in response to growth pressure in obligately barophilic strain 2D2. Furthermore, these adaptive changes in response were also observed in response to low temperature in strain 16C1. These results confirm that the general shift from saturated to unsaturated fatty acids including DHA is one of the adaptive changes in response to increases in pressure and suggest that DHA may play a role in maintaining the proper fluidity of membrane lipids under high pressure.

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