scholarly journals Initiatives in Medical Volunteerism Aimed at Reducing the Burden of Orthopedic Disease in Low- and MiddleIncome Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Albert Thomas Anastasio
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Resident Involvement ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
Medical Volunteerism

While infectious disease garners much attention and research funding globally, initiatives aimed at treating traumatic orthopedic injuries are underfunded despite such injuries accounting for a significant degree of morbidity worldwide. In recent years, a number of organizations have sought to alleviate this burden through treatment and educational initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, emerging developments in orthopedic technology are allowing for more expansive treatment options in resourcepoor environments. Distribution of both used and surplus orthopedic implants and components in LMICs and programs intended to encourage resident involvement with overseas volunteerism have proved beneficial in reducing the global burden of orthopedic disease. The goal of this manuscript is to educate readers about current initiatives in orthopedic volunteerism.

scholarly journals Barriers in Bangladesh

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senjuti Saha ◽  
Sudipta Saha ◽  
Samir K Saha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
International Effort ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Conducting Research

Research laboratories in low- and middle-income countries, where the global burden of disease is highest, face systemic challenges in conducting research and public health surveillance. An international effort is needed to overcome the paywalls, customs regulations and lack of local suppliers that hinder the scientific community in these countries.

scholarly journals Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Jai K Das ◽  
Tariq Ismail ◽  
Muqeet Wahid ◽  
Wisha Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Micronutrient Fortification ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Worldwide, there is an array of clinical trials under way to evaluate treatment options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Concurrently, several nutritional therapies and alternative supportive treatments are also being used and tested to reduce the mortality associated with acute respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, improved nutrition that includes micronutrient supplementation to augment the immune system has been recognized as a viable approach to both prevent and alleviate the severity of the infection. The potential role of micronutrients as immune-boosting agents is particularly relevant for low- and middle-income countries, which already have an existing high burden of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. A systematic literature review was performed to identify nutritional interventions that might prevent or aid in the recovery from COVID-19. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched electronically from February to April 2020. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined for their relevance to this review. The information gathered was collated under various categories. Deficiencies of micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B complex, C, and D, zinc, iron, and selenium, are common among vulnerable populations in general and among COVID-19 patients in particular and could plausibly increase the risk of mortality. Judicious use of need-based micronutrient supplementation, alongside existing micronutrient fortification programs, is warranted in the current global pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income economies.

scholarly journals The Global Burden of Surgical Disease: An Analysis on Inaccessible Surgical Care in Low and Middle Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau Huynh ◽  
Minh NQ Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Worldwide, 4.8 billion people do not have access to safe, adequate surgical care and anaesthetic management. Surgical care has been deemed “the neglected child of global health,” a startling reminder of the disparities in health services. The provision of surgical interventions can avert 11% of the global burden of disease and 1.5 million deaths each year. Many obstacles exist for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to progress towards accessible surgical care. The first challenge is delivering cost-effective surgical care despite financial constraints and political turmoil. Foreign aid was established to alleviate the financial burden and its contributions have been pivotal. However, based on the political climate in certain countries, funds are siphoned to government sectors other than health care. Moreover, the lack of infrastructure, equipment, and personnel in LMIC compound the issue. The other challenge is determining if surgery is as feasible and effective as non-surgical health interventions. Surgical care is crucial and this paper aims to assess the challenges that limit its stature in global health discussions. The paper will address the influence of financing, infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, and information management on surgical care, and the current resolutions, such as humanitarian aid missions.

Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103640
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
Christine Friedenreich ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
I-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Income ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesPhysical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden associated with physical inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region.MethodsPopulation-level, prevalence-based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (percentage of cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and non-communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus, stomach and kidney.ResultsGlobally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths, respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income compared with low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia.ConclusionThe global burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income countries given the size of their populations.

scholarly journals The global burden of musculoskeletal injury in low and lower-middle income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e062
Author(s):  
Daniella M. Cordero ◽  
Theodore A. Miclau ◽  
Alexandra V. Paul ◽  
Saam Morshed ◽  
Theodore Miclau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Screening for Cervical Cancer in Low-Resource Settings in 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Tambouret
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cytology Screening

Context.—Cervical cancer remains the most common malignancy in women living in low- and middle-income countries, despite the decline of the disease in countries where cervical cytology screening programs have been implemented. Objectives.—To review the current incidence of cervical cancer in low-resource countries, the availability and types of screening programs, and the treatment options. Data Sources.—Literature review through PubMed, Internet search, and personal communication. Conclusions.—Although data are incomplete, available figures confirm that the rate of cervical cancer deaths and the availability of cervical cancer screening programs are inversely proportional and vary, in general, by the wealth of the nation. Despite the success of cervical cytology screening, many major health care organizations have abandoned screening by cytology in favor of direct visualization methods with immediate treatment of lesions by cryotherapy provided by trained, nonmedical personnel.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Global Burden of Chronic Pain Without Clear Etiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Jackson ◽  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Victoria Stabile ◽  
Matthew Shotwell ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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