Cognitive Demands Influence Drop Jump Performance and Relationships With Leg Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary H. Holmes ◽  
Jessica L. Downs Talmage ◽  
Kristina A. Neely ◽  
Jaimie A. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Stiffness

Changes of Whole-Body Power, Muscle Function, and Jump Performance With Prolonged Cycling to Exhaustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan P.R. McIntyre ◽  
Grant A. Mawston ◽  
Simeon P. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Isokinetic Torque

Purpose:To quantify how whole-body power, muscle-function, and jump-performance measures change during prolonged cycling and recovery and determine whether there are relationships between the different fatigue measures.Methods:Ten competitive or recreationally active male cyclists underwent repeated 20-min stages of prolonged cycling at 70% VO2peak until exhaustion. Whole-body peak power output (PPO) was assessed using an all-out 30-s sprint 17 min into each cycle stage. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout. Isometric and isokinetic muscle-function tests were made between cycle stages, over ~6 min, and during 30-min recovery. Drop-jump measures were tested at exhaustion and during recovery.Results:PPO initially increased or was maintained in some subjects but fell to 81% of maximum at exhaustion. RPE was near maximal (18.7) at exhaustion, with the time to exhaustion related to the rate of rise of RPE. PPO first started to decline only when RPE exceeded 16 (ie, hard). Peak isometric and concentric isokinetic torque (180°/s) for the quadriceps fell to 86% and 83% of pretest at exhaustion, respectively. In contrast, the peak concentric isokinetic torque (180°/s) of the hamstrings increased by 10% before declining to 93% of maximum. Jump height fell to 92% of pretest at exhaustion and was correlated with the decline in PPO (r = .79). Muscle-function and jump-performance measures did not recover over the 30-min postexercise rest period.Conclusions:At exhaustion, whole-body power, muscle-function, and jump-performance measures had all fallen by 7–19%. PPO and drop-jump decrements were linearly correlated and are appropriate measures of maximal performance.

Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Niclas Kullmann ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Regular Training

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%–72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%–60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02; g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.

scholarly journals Massage Therapy Modulates Inflammatory Mediators Following Sprint Exercise in Healthy Male Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Gillian E. White ◽  
Sarah L. West ◽  
Jessica E. Caterini ◽  
Alex P. Di Battista ◽  
Shawn G. Rhind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Baseline Levels

Massage therapy is a common postexercise muscle recovery modality; however, its mechanisms of efficacy are uncertain. We evaluated the effects of massage on systemic inflammatory responses to exercise and postexercise muscle performance and soreness. In this crossover study, nine healthy male athletes completed a high-intensity intermittent sprint protocol, followed by massage therapy or control condition. Inflammatory markers were assessed pre-exercise; postexercise; and at 1, 2, and 24 h postexercise. Muscle performance was measured by squat and drop jump, and muscle soreness on a Likert scale. Significant time effects were observed for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), drop jump performance, squat jump performance, and soreness. No significant effects for condition were observed. However, compared with control, inflammatory marker concentrations (IL-8, TNFα, and MCP-1) returned to baseline levels earlier following the massage therapy condition (p < 0.05 for all). IL-6 returned to baseline levels earlier following the control versus massage therapy condition (p < 0.05). No differences were observed for performance or soreness variables. MCP-1 area under the curve (AUC) was negatively associated with squat and drop jump performance, while IL-10 AUC was positively associated with drop jump performance (p < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, massage therapy promotes resolution of systemic inflammatory signaling following exercise but does not appear to improve performance or soreness measurements.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementary Strength–Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Konstantina Karagianni ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Christos Katsikas ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Before And After

This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THROUGH MUSCULO-ARTICULAR STIFFNESS IN YOUNG ADULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Federico París-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel Oviedo-Caro ◽  
Javier Bueno Antequera
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Drop Jump

Abstract.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the level of physical activity of young adults by means of the Musculo-articular stiffness and to analyse its correlation with the physical performance measured in jump capacity. The proposed protocol includes a Muscle-articular test of both legs, a test of maximum voluntary contraction in isometric conditions (MVCi), a countermovement jump test (CMJ), and a drop jump (DJ) protocol from different heights (20, 40 and 60 cm). 21 healthy young adult subjects (12 males and 9 females). The mechanical variables are: force (f), Muscle-articular stiffness (k) and Muscle-articular Unitary stiffness (ku). Physical variables: Jump flight height (h) and force generated (f). An Anova of repeated measurements was performed to analyse the influence of gender and laterality and a Pearson correlation to analyse the relationship between mechanical and physical parameters. The results obtained show a clear symmetry in physical and mechanical parameters. There were significant differences between men and women (f and k) (p<0.05) being in absolute terms higher in men than in women but not in relative terms (ku). A clear correlation was obtained between mechanical parameters and MVCi in absolute terms (p<0.05). Ku allows comparisons between different subjects but its interpretation is not as intuitive as in absolute terms due to the application of the Hill’s model on the mechanical response of muscle-tendon complexes that establishes a nonlinear relationship between f and k.Keywords: Stiffness, Viscoelastic properties, laterality, drop jump.Resumen.El propósito del estudio consiste en evaluar el nivel de actividad física de adultos jóvenes mediante la obtención de la rigidez Musculo-articular y analizar su correlación con el rendimiento físico medido en capacidad de salto. El protocolo propuesto engloba un test Músculo-articular de ambas piernas, un test de Máxima contracción isométrica (MCIV) voluntaria en las mismas condiciones, un test de salto de contramovimiento, y un protocolo de salto de drop jump desde diferentes alturas (20, 40 y 60 cm). 21 sujetos adultos jóvenes sanos (12 hombre y 9 mujeres) conforman la muestra. Las variables mecánicas son: fuerza (f), Rigidez Músculo-articular (k) y rigidez Músculoarticular Unitaria (ku). Variables físicas: Altura de vuelo de salto (h) y fuerza generada (f). Se llevó a cabo un Anova de mediciones repetidas para analizar la influencia del género y lateralidad y una correlación de Pearson para analizar la relación entre parámetros mecánicos y parámetros físicos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una simetría clara tanto en parámetros físicos como en parámetros mecánicos. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres (f y k) (p<0.05) siendo en términos absolutos mayores en hombres que en mujeres pero no en términos relativos (ku). Se obtuvo una clara correlación entre parámetros mecánicos y MCIV términos absolutos (p<0.05). Ku permite comparar entre diferentes sujetos pero su interpretación no es tan intuitiva como en términos absolutos debido a la aplicación del modelo de Hill sobre la respuesta mecánica de los complejos músculo-tendón que establece una relación no lineal entre f y k.Palabras clave: Rigidez, Propiedades viscoeláticas, lateralidad, drop jump.

scholarly journals External Cueing Influences Drop Jump Performance in Trained Young Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Saldiam R. Barillas ◽  
Rhodri S. Lloyd ◽  
Isabel Moore ◽  
Jason Pedley
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Jump Performance

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Strategies in Stretch–Shortening Exercises with Increasing Drop Heights: The Role of Muscle Coactivation in Leg Stiffness and Power Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8647
Author(s):  
Riccardo Di Giminiani ◽  
Aldo Giovannelli ◽  
Lorenzo Capuano ◽  
Pascal Izzicupo ◽  
Andrea Di Blasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Braking Phase

When applying drop jump exercises, knowing the magnitude of the stimulus is fundamental to stabilize the leg joints and to generate movements with the highest power. The effects of different drop heights on leg muscles coactivation, leg stiffness and power propulsion were investigated in fifteen sport science students. Drop jumps from heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm in a random order were performed on a force platform. During each drop jump, the ground reaction force, knee angle displacement, and synchronized surface-electromyography root-mean-square (sEMGRMS) activity (vastus lateralis, VL; vastus medialis, VM; rectus femoris, RF; biceps femoris, BF; tibialis anterior, TA and lateral gastrocnemius, LG) were recorded. The coactivation in the pre-contact phase, between VL and BF, VM and BF as well as RF and BF, was dependent on the drop height (p < 0.01; effect size (ES) ranged from 0.45 to 0.90). Leg stiffness was dependent on the drop height (p < 0.001; ES = 0.27–0.28) and was modulated by the coactivation of VM–BF (p = 0.034) and RF–BF (p = 0.046) during the braking phase. Power propulsion was also dependent on the drop height (p < 0.001; ES = 0.34); however, it was primarily modulated by the coactivation of LG–TA during the braking phase (p = 0.002). The coactivation of thigh muscles explains leg stiffness adjustments at different drop heights. On the contrary, the coactivation of shank muscles is mostly responsible for the power propulsion.

scholarly journals Trunk Muscle Activity during Drop Jump Performance in Adolescent Athletes with Back Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Mueller ◽  
Josefine Stoll ◽  
Juliane Mueller ◽  
Michael Cassel ◽  
Frank Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Jump Performance

Enhanced Performance With Elastic Resistance During the Eccentric Phase of a Countermovement Jump

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saied Jalal Aboodarda ◽  
Ashril Yusof ◽  
N.A. Abu Osman ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
A. Halim Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infrared Cameras

Purpose:To identify the effect of additional elastic force on the kinetic and kinematic characteristics, as well as the magnitude of leg stiffness, during the performance of accentuated countermovement jumps (CMJs).Methods:Fifteen trained male subjects performed 3 types of CMJ including free CMJ (FCMJ; ie, body weight), ACMJ-20, and ACMJ-30 (ie, accentuated eccentric CMJ with downward tensile force equivalent to 20% and 30% body mass, respectively). A force platform synchronized with 6 high-speed infrared cameras was used to measure vertical ground-reaction force (VGRF) and displacement.Results:Using downward tensile force during the lowering phase of a CMJ and releasing the bands at the start of the concentric phase increased maximal concentric VGRF (6.34%), power output (23.21%), net impulse (16.65%), and jump height (9.52%) in ACMJ-30 compared with FCMJ (all P < .05). However, no significant difference was observed in the magnitude of leg stiffness between the 3 modes of jump. The results indicate that using downward recoil force of the elastic material during the eccentric phase of a CMJ could be an effective method to enhance jump performance by applying a greater eccentric loading on the parallel and series elastic components coupled with the release of stored elastic energy.Conclusions:The importance of this finding is related to the proposition that power output, net impulse, takeoff velocity, and jump height are the key parameters for successful athletic performance, and any training method that improves impulse and power production may improve sports performance, particularly in jumping aspects of sport.

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