Strong State and Strong Civil Society in Contemporary South Korea

Asian Survey ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Societal Actors ◽  
Korean State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article examines the impact of Korean civil society on politics since democratization. Weak mediating institutions prevent the systematic inclusion of societal actors in the policymaking process, pitting an increasingly strengthened civil society against the state. Consequently, Korean state-society relations continue to remain contentious, posing challenges to democratic governance.

scholarly journals Nadzór właścicielski nad przedsiębiorstwami z udziałem Skarbu Państwa w Korei Południowej i Singapurze w kontekście dyskusji dotyczącej reformy systemu nadzoru właścicielskiego w Polsce

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Dominik Aziewicz
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Korean State ◽  
The Impact

State-owned enterprises supervision system in South Korea and Singapore, within the context of the debate about reforming state-owned enterprises supervision system in Poland State-owned enterprises are a part of most modern economies. Therefore, it is substantial to elaborate which model of supervision system is the most suitable for the challenges of each country. Since the 2015 there is an ongoing debate in Poland, about the shape of a stateowned enterprises supervision system. It was considered to establish a national holding company, which would perform the ownership function for Polish state-owned enterprises. An inspiration for this idea was the South Korean state-owned supervision system and the impact of the chaebols on the Korean national economy. The aim of this article it to examine Korean solutions, and to present the state-owned supervision system which function in Singapore, because in many ways it seems to be a more adequate inspiration for the needs of Polish decision-makers.

CIVIL SOCIETY AS THE MAIN DRIVER SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Orlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers a set of issues related to the formation of sustainability in the state at different levels of government: national, regional and local, with an emphasis on the sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of "sustainability" is defined, the criteria of sustainability for national security and its components at the local level are analyzed, in particular, in the formation of affluent communities. Sustainability is considered in various aspects: as a component of national security and defense of the state, in relation to the concepts of "cohesion" and "national security". Financial stability is justified as an important sign of the viability of local communities. The role of civil society in shaping the sustainability of communities is revealed, as well as different views of scientists on the impact of civil society on sustainability are analyzed. The foreign experience of implementation of the basic principles of sustainability in the life of communities is studied. The most important component of sustainability is the ability of the community to consolidate to counteract harmful and dangerous external and internal influences. Open partnership of public authorities with business structures and the public should be a prerequisite for this. It is proved that in the conditions of decentralization and various internal and external challenges, civil society (active citizens and civil society institutions) can and should be a driver of community sustainability. It is assumed that the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society should create a solid foundation of democracy in Ukraine as a component of national sustainability. Since the systemic mechanisms for ensuring national sustainability in the Ukrainian state at both national and local levels are not yet fully formed, the development and implementation of comprehensive strategic decisions in this area requires proper scientific substantiation, which is why the author’s contribution to this topic.

scholarly journals The role of the factors determining national character in building civil society

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 774-795
Author(s):  
Serhii O. Komnatnyi ◽  
Oleg S. Sheremet ◽  
Viacheslav E. Suslykov ◽  
Kateryna S. Lisova ◽  
Stepan D. Svorak
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Mechanism Of Impact ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the mechanism of impact of sociopsychological phenomena such as the national character and the political mentality in the construction and functioning of civil society. It aims to show the impact of climate, religion, and the perception of happiness on the state of civil society through details of a national nature. The main research method is to compare data from global research on the state of civil society with data from climatic conditions, dominant religions, and happiness indices. The article proves coincidently that these factors are reflected in such essential characteristics of civil society as "openness" and "closed-mindedness". The interaction between the national character and the construction of civil society has two stages. It is concluded that the results obtained are important to evaluate the prospects for the construction and development of civil society in different countries and regions of the world. Further research in this direction involves the study of other aspects of the impact of national character and political mindset on the functioning of civil society.

Enterprising State and Entrepreneurial Self

Homing ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon O. Jo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
Korean State ◽  
And Shifts

I trace how conceptions of citizenship have transformed in post-1990 South Korea, focusing on the major formations of and shifts in Korean citizenship, as well as on the evolution of nationality laws concerning diaspora Koreans. I also examine legacy migrants’ perspectives on citizenship and legal belonging. The process of citizen-making, which unfolds through the dynamics between an “enterprising” South Korean state and the “entrepreneurial” strategies incorporated by the legacy migrants in this study, largely rests on the interplay between emotionally charged ethnic nationalism and economic mobility driven by neoliberal global capitalism, both of which in turn have rearticulated and reconfigured the borders of South Korean citizenship and belonging. As a result, various forms of conditional and contingent citizenship—statuses that are neither fully admitted by the state nor fully committed to by returnees—have been produced.

Global Capital, Business Groups and State Coordination: the Changing Profile of Chaebol-State Relations in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Government Control ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Financial Behaviour ◽  
State Coordination ◽  
Korean State ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Political Economic

This article examines the effects of global capitalism and state coordination on the financial behaviour of <em>chaebol</em> (business conglomerates) in South Korea. This study focuses on the evolution from controller to coordinator in the post-developmental South Korean state. In recent times, the Korean government has been studied as the exemplar of the Asian newly industrializing economies (NIEs) based on its ability to <em>control</em> economic development. As civil society pressures outgrew government control in the 1990s, the government’s mission shifted from control to <em>coordination </em>– the state sought to accommodate newly emerging or enlarged bargaining domains of key political-economic actors. However, the emergent post-developmental state is buffeted by the growing strength of the private sector, domestically and transnationally. While civil society strived to mobilize mass movements to further social democracy, the neoliberal evolution of capitalist class interests generated institutional configurations favouring the hegemony of finance capital.

scholarly journals Poverty as a Political Choice: a Comparative Analysis of Reports of the UN Rapporteur’s Visits to the UK and Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins ◽  
Emilio José Gómez-Ciriano
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative analysis of two reports by the UN Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights, one for Spain and one for the UK. In both countries, austerity policies were introduced following the banking crisis of 2008. The UN Rapporteur reports highlight the damage that was done by welfare retrenchment. In particular, the reports document the impact of austerity on the most vulnerable individuals and communities. The paper uses Somers' (2008) conceptual model of citizenship as the basis for a comparative analysis of two reports. Somers' (2008) model of citizenship is a triadic one which sees the state, market and civil society as competing elements. Each one can serve to regulate and limit the influence or excesses of the other two. Somers argues that neoliberalism has seen the dominance of the market at the expense of the role of the state and the institutions of civil society. Austerity policies saw the market dominating. Having examined the context of the two reports and their conclusions, the paper discussed the implications for individual social workers’ practice and the role of social work as a profession in tackling poverty and marginalisation.

Democratization and Changing Anti-American Sentiments in South Korea

Asian Survey ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hun Oh ◽  
Celeste Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Society

This study takes a disaggregated approach to the analysis of recent anti-American sentiments in Korea. It examines how the political changes entailed in the processes of democratization and democratic consolidation in the arenas of civil society, political society, and the state have diversely affected anti-U.S. sentiments in Korea.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism and Civil Society: Swedish Exceptionalism in a Comparative Perspective – On the Conceptual and Real History of Civil Society

Stan Rzeczy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Sven Eliaeson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Swedish Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Social science is a battlefield for the formation of concepts. The Swedish case is particular. “Civil society” re-entered the scene as a neoliberal and social-conservative reaction against the social-democratic ideology of the “strong state,” in which the state and society were conceived to be almost synonymous. The Swedish revival of an old concept is in obvious contrast with the concept’s reception east of the Elbe in recent decades, where “civil society” has often been used as a label for grass roots social movements, which are independent of the state and the nomenklatura, in malfunctioning regimes with low legitimacy and poor output. This idea is lacking in the Swedish case, where we find a characteristic merger between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” perspectives. “Real, existing” civil society in Sweden has a long history. Self-organised initiatives sought support from the state and often received it – in some cases creating institutions that grew into state agencies. Forestry, electrification, and early social insurance provide examples of the interplay between the state, the market, and society. Swedish civil society has deep roots in history, going back at least to late medieval days. Civil society was a formative element in the design of the relatively successful “Swedish model” through social engineering and piecemeal reforms during the period from the 1930s to the late 1960s.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Coronavirus Crisis on the Nature and Trends of Remote Employment in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
M. R. Lychkovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article is aimed at generalizing the essential content of the concept of «remote employment» in the context of components that form it, analyzing the main factors of influence on these components, determining trends and features of development and spread of remote employment in coronavirus crisis. Analyzing and summarizing the scientific works of many scholars and practitioners, the sequence of development and implementation of the novel alternative forms of employment is researched. The tendency to change their essential content is defined as being dependent on the development and introduction of modern technologies. The main factors influencing the possibility of transferring novel forms of employment into a virtual mode are analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of spread of remote employment in lockdown conditions are allocated and analyzed. It is specified that a significant part of them can be formulated as follows: the first ones – as an advance that needs to be shared; the second ones – as problems to be solved. Doing this is quite feasible and necessary in order to develop the appropriate policy. As a result of the research, the main obstacles to the development of remote employment are identified, which include a large-scale downturn in the economic attitudes of business entities and the growth of social tension. It is reasoned that under such conditions, the strong-willed orders on the part of government can only worsen the existing situation. It is proved that only strengthening the partnership between the State, business and civil society on the basis of restoring mutual trust of all economic actors will provide an opportunity to develop a deliberate policy of recovery, part of which is the large-scale proliferation of remote labor. Remote labor will become not only a mechanism for overcoming coronavirus crisis, but also a mechanism for large-scale renewal of Ukraine’s economy on the basis of the use of the latest technologies. Prospects for further research in this direction are the creation and adapting of novel forms of remote labor, their formalization, institutional and legal support, the construction of new models of full-fledged social partnership between the State, business and civil society in the sphere of labor and employment, etc.

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