Images of Bach in the Perspective of Basic Research and Interpretative Scholarship

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH WOLFF
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Self Image

ABSTRACT Beginning with remarks on the complementary functions of basic research and interpretive scholarship, the first part of the essay focuses on varying concepts of Bach images, discusses authentic and unauthentic Bach portraits as well as images of the composer's personality, and criticizes the often insufficient regard for basic research. The second part of the article deals with the development of Bach's self-image on the basis of documentary evidence and its interpretation. It suggests that the composer himself contributed significantly during his lifetime to the shape of the emerging ““genius”” image that emerges during the second half of the 18th century and that constitutes the foundation of the icon of ““the man from whom all musical wisdom proceeded”” (Haydn).

scholarly journals ‘... Her Imperial Majesty Deigned to Declare Herself’: V. N. Tatishchev’s Journal-Book for 1734

2018 ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Kiselev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important State

This is the first publication of the journal-book kept by famous Russian statesman and historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev from February 10 to April 2, 1734, after his appointment director of the Urals state-owned metallurgical plants. This document allows to clarify the circumstances of V. N Tatishchev's appointment to the Urals, including its date. According to the document, it was made on February 10 by oral order of the Empress. Immediately afterwards Vasily Nikitich plunged into planning his trip assisted by cabinet-ministers A. I. Osterman, A. M. Cherkassky, and president of the Commerce-Collegium P. P. Shafirov. The journal-book allows to reconstruct the flow of communication within the bureaucratic elite in 1730s. It also shows that internal documentation (minutes and registers) of the Cabinet of Ministers does not fully reflect its activities. It indicates that the Empress took a most active part and interest in Tatishchev’s appointment and his sending away; she thus sought to keep under her personal control all most important state affairs, including management of metallurgical plants. The document is of interest for studying history of Russian culture of the 18th century, as it contains some information about translator and writer K. A. Kondratovich and historian P. N. Krekshin. It intimates that Kondratovich was exiled to the Urals with Tatishchev by oral order from Anna Ioannovna. To this, there is no other documentary evidence, and therefore, Kondratovich attempted to mystify the circumstances of his exile to the Urals and to bury the fact in oblivion. The document is stored in the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region, Ekaterinburg.

The History of Science as European Self-Portraiture

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORRAINE DASTON
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of

Since the Enlightenment, the history of science has been enlisted to show the unity and distinctiveness of Europe. This paper, written on the occasion of the award of the 2005 Erasmus Prize to historians of science Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin, traces the intertwined narratives of the history of science and European modernity from the 18th century to the present. Whether understood as triumph or tragedy (and there have been eloquent proponents of both views), the Scientific Revolution has been portrayed as Europe's decisive break with tradition – the first such break in world history and the model for all subsequent epics of modernization in other cultures. The paper concludes with reflections on how a new history of science, exemplified in the work of Shapin and Schaffer, may transform the self-image of Europe and conceptions of truth itself.

Books of the 18th century in the collection of the Tambov regional universal scientific library named after A.S. Pushkin

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky ◽  
Lyudmila N. Patrina
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
System Information ◽  
Basic Research Project

We analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of the book collection of the civil press of the 18th century, which are in the collection of the Tambov regional universal library named after A.S. Pushkin (hereinafter TRUL). The relevance of the work is connected with the need to restore an objective picture of the creation and functioning of manor libraries of the late 18th century as an element of the cultural environment. The implementation of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project allowed showing the world of the Tambov book of the 18th century in all its diversity. The novelty of the work lies in a system approach to the study of the array of books in Russian and foreign languages of pre-revolutionary libraries of the Russian province. We consider Tambov collections of foreign books of the 18th century, system information of which is currently absent in historiography and appears only as separate mentions in the works of local historians. The work with the existing repertoire of the library showed the key importance of Derzhavin library for the formation of modern Tambov collections of rare books of the 18th century. It is shown that the main array of the identified publications reflects the products of the Capital printing houses of the 18th century. The variety of thematic composition of the revealed collections is demonstrated. Among these collections of TRUL books there are publications on history, literature, philosophy, religion and natural sciences. The research proves that the study of the composition of the book collections of civil press of the 18th century gives important information for the study of book culture of the Tambov province, allows to analyze the appearance of the book works in the region and to find out the degree of attention to foreign and Russian media. Also it allows to detect the role of the book in the structure of cultural environment.

scholarly journals Review on the Applications and Molecular Mechanisms ofXihuangPill in Tumor Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiujun Guo ◽  
Jinyin Lin ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yebo Gao ◽  
Shulin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Growth Of Tumor ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Xihuangpill (XH) is a complementary and alternative medicine that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of tumors since the 18th century. XH has clinical effects on non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and bone metastasis. XH can also inhibit the growth of tumor cells and cancer stem cells, prevent tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and regulate the tumor microenvironment. XH is composed ofRu Xiang(olibanum),Mo Yao(Commiphora myrrha),She Xiang(Moschus), andNiu Huang(Calculus bovis). Some of the compounds found in these ingredients exert multiple antitumor effects and may synergize with the other ingredients. We aimed to summarize the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of XH and its chemical composition. This review will provide potential new strategies and alternative perspectives for tumor treatments and basic research into complementary and alternative medicine.

scholarly journals English drama at the German theatre in Ljubljana in the last decades of the Habsburg monarchy

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Margarete Rubik
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
English Drama ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
English Culture

This article examines the English repertoire of the German theatre in Ljubljana in the last decades of the Habsburg monarchy and its reception by the local German newspaper, Laibacher Zeitung. It considers only drama, not operas or operettas. The English plays were, of course, performed in translation, in German, as opposed to the plays performed in the Slovenian language from the late 18th century on and especially within the Dramatično društvo circle established in 1867. The choice of performances gives interesting insights into the late 19th century attitude towards English culture as well as the self-image fostered by the German stage in Ljubljana.

scholarly journals Documentary evidence of historical floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden 1400–1800

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 10085-10116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Retsö
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Instrumental Period

Abstract. This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800). The survey shows that two subperiods can be considered as flood-rich, 1590–1670 and the early 18th century. The result is related to a low degree of human impact on hydrology during the period, and suggest that climatic factors, such as lower temperatures and increased precipitation connected to the so called Little Ice Age, should be considered as the main driver behind flood frequency and magnitude.

scholarly journals Pepys reading: passion for books in an English man’s diary of the 17th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-242
Author(s):  
Anna Stogova
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Traditional Image

The article touches upon the Early Modern practices of reading, which are subject of much debate in contemporary scholarship. The traditional image of man’s reading before the 18th century implied serious approach to books and the use of information found there for self-education, self-edification, and acquisition of social prestige. The analysis of the diary by Samuel Papys (1660-1669), a Navy Office clerk, demonstrates that this ideal model did not have considerable effect on representations of the experience of reading in texts that constructed a “story of self”. Not only the practices of reading varied greatly, but the category chosen by Pepys to define this experience was the category of pleasure directly linked to the “self-image” under construction.

Postrzeganie i ocena dzieł sztuki europejskiej XVII i pierwszej połowy XVIII wieku w świetle literatury podróżniczej tego okresu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wyrzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Research Material

This publication belongs to the current of research concerning the reception of art in travel literature. Its purpose is to determine how European artworks of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century were perceived and evaluated by travellers journeying during this period, i.e. contemporarily in relation to works being then created. The terms: art of that period and present-day art are treated conventionally in this work and are used for the determination of artworks being created from the beginning of the 17th century to the end of the first half of the 18th century. Basic research material comprised source texts, written and printed, from the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century, belonging to travel literature. Over fifty relations were analysed, and a criterion of their choice was primarily defined by occurrence in texts the descriptions of artworks from the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. A method accepted in this work consisted in analysis of the fragments of texts belonging to travel literature in accounts concerning artworks from the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century, and their subsequent interpretation. Recording artworks in the relations by travellers was an important factor and it was considered as detection. Only appearance, along with naming of a work (from the field of architecture, sculpture or painting), the description and evaluative assessments constituted evidence of its conscious perception. Artworks, which turned out to be especially interesting for travellers, were characterised by these people.

scholarly journals The No-self Theory: Hume, Buddhism, and Personal Identity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Giles
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
David Hume ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
Over Time

The problem of personal identity is often said to be one of accounting for what it is that gives persons their identity over time. However, once the problem has been construed in these terms, it is plain that too much has already been assumed. For what has been assumed is just that persons do have an identity. One of the first Western thinkers to argue for the non-existence of the self was David Hume, the 18th century empiricist philosopher who argued that the self was a fiction. A new interpretation of Hume's no-self theory is put forward by arguing for an eliminative rather than a reductive point of view of personal identity, and by approaching the problem in terms of phenomenology, Buddhist critiques of the notion of the self, and the idea of a constructed self-image. It is concluded that there is no such thing as the self.

scholarly journals Documentary evidence of historical floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden 1400–1800

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Retsö
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Abstract. This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800). The survey shows that two sub-periods can be considered as flood-rich, 1590–1670 and the early 18th century. The result related to a low degree of human impact on hydrology during the period, suggests that climatic factors, such as lower temperatures and increased precipitation connected to the so-called Little Ice Age rather than large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, should be considered as the main driver behind flood frequency and magnitude.

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