A Viewpoint on Eastern Mediterranean Villages in Late Antiquity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-75
Author(s):  
Tamara Lewit

The 4th to 6th centuries CE were a time of natural disasters including plague, earthquakes, and climatic instability, as well as warfare and invasions. Yet archaeological evidence demonstrates that in this period rural village communities in the eastern Mediterranean flourished, with new building, settlement of marginal land, high levels of agricultural production, and wide export of their products. In seeking to explain the vitality of the Eastern Mediterranean countryside in spite of manifold shocks, this article applies Community Resilience Theory, a body of research on the internal socio-economic capacities that have enabled communities in the contemporary world to successfully bounce back from crisis. By examining the archaeological remains of late antique eastern Mediterranean rural communities, we can see beyond the constraints of elite textual accounts to the lives of ordinary people in these flourishing villages. Material remains which attest a high volume and diversity of economic activities, a degree of equitable distribution of income, effective routes of communication, the existence of social capital, and capacity for cooperation and technological innovation reveal how the people of these communities might have acted as historical agents in determining their own fate.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlani Tarlani

Abstract. After Village Law was published in 2014,  formation of BUMDes enforcement in each village became one of the strategic solutions for welfare of the village community. The issue of poverty and underdevelopment of villages is a priority that needs to be addressed by the government. However, not all problems can be solved in one village, but they need village collaboration to make institutions so that their role is more massive, effective, and efficient in encouraging the growth of the village economy. BUMDES Danar Garut is a form of cooperation between villages so that the resolution of a problem can be done at the village government level. since 2014,  BUMDes has been established many business activities. This paper aims to assess the level of contribution of the Danar BUMDes to the economic activities of rural communities. This research was conducted by means of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders from both the village government, the director of the Joint BUMDes and the community as beneficiaries of the BUMDes by selecting purposive sampling. The results of the analysis show that BUMDes Danar has made a positive contribution to the village government, socio-economic village communities and the ability and expertise of the people in Leles District both the direct impact of reducing unemployment, increasing the welfare of the village apparatus and indirectly for the Villages or the scope of Leles District.Keywords: Joint-BUMDes, Social-economy, Village SocietyAbstrak. Setelah terbitnya Undang-Undang Desa tahun 2014,dorongan terbentuknya BUMDes di setiap desa menjadi salah satu solusi strategis dalam menyejahterakan masyarakat desa. Isu kemiskinan dan ketertinggalan desa menjadi prioritas yang perlu ditangani oleh pemerintah. Namun tidak semua masalah  dapat diselesaikan dalam satu desa, melainkan perlu adanya kolaborasi antar lembaga desa sehingga perannya lebih masif , efektif dan efisien dalam mendorong bertumbuhnya ekonomi desa. BUMDES Danar Garut merupakan perwujudan kerjasama antar desa agar penyelesaiaan suatu masalah bisa dilakukan pada tingkat pemerintahan desa. sejak 2014 BUMDes ini berdiri sudah banyak kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan. Paper ini bertujuan menilai tingkat kontribusi BUMDes Danar terhadap kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur kepada para stakeholder kunci   baik dari kalangan pemerintah desa, direktur BUMDes Bersama maupun dari masyarakat sebagai penerima manfaat  dari adanya BUMDes dengan pemilihan purposive sampling. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa  BUMDes Danar telah memberikan kontribusi positif  bagi pemerintah desa,  sosial-ekonomi masyarakat desa dan kemampuan serta keahlian masyarakat yang ada di Kecamatan Leles baik dampak secara langsung yaitu berkurangnya pengangguran, meningkatkan kesejahteraan aparatur desa maupun secara tidak langsung bagi Desa-Desa ataupun lingkup Kecamatan Leles.Kata Kunci: BUMDes Bersama, Sosial-ekonomi, Masyarakat Desa


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Anjely Aravindan ◽  
Aiswarya R Nair

The objective of this paper is to trace the derivation of power through imperious surveillance upon the citizens of Panem and the consequent denial of citizen rights. The paper also analyses the nature of people’s fear of being watched and how the overbearing surveillance system in action can violate individual privacy. The act of being continuously watched or monitored and the knowledge of being under the control of power, a 'watchful eye', can create a huge impact upon the people under surveillance. In the modern world, people are being watched continuously and closely and are tracked through economic activities and electronic media. The paper aims to prove that surveillance in any form is a constraining force limiting people from being themselves. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins portray a dystopian post-apocalyptic land of Panem where the Capitol uses surveillance and the people’s fear of being watched as tools to assert their power over the citizens. After years of being watched and controlled, the people of Panem have forgotten basic citizen birthrights and the beauty of freedom in their lives. These people lose their real identity in this cage where they are devoid of any individual preferences. If the citizens are not completely aware of the value of privacy which is an inherent human right and much required for individual growth and development, the possibilities of losing the contemporary world to such a dystopian reality are high.


2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-327
Author(s):  
Susanne Bangert

Christian pilgrimage offers a unique insight into popular piety in Late Antiquity. However, our sources for pilgrimage, both literary and archaeological, vary widely in quality and volume, and modern scholarship has often depended heavily on the evidence from particular wellknown sites, most notably the sanctuary of St Menas at Abu Mina in Egypt. This site has revealed a remarkable density of archaeological remains, not only buildings but also the production and circulation of a wide variety of pilgrim souvenirs. Yet it is essential that we move beyond the sanctuary of St Menas and compare the evidence from Abu Mina with that from other major pilgrimage sites in the eastern Mediterranean. As we shall see in this paper, there is no simple pattern in organisation or souvenir production that can be identified in the archaeology of late antique pilgrimage.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Adam Izdebski

Abstract Environmental history is a well-established discipline that until recently focused mainly on the modern era and was dominated by historians. Numerous scholars agree today that this needs to change: a focus on Late Antiquity can help this happen. To make it possible, we should concentrate our efforts on three parallel projects. First, make late antique studies more interdisciplinary, i.e. joining the efforts of historians, archaeologists and natural scientists. Second, look at Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages as a source of case studies that are relevant to the central themes of environmental history. Third, use environmental history as a new framework that has the potential to modify our vision of the 1st millennium AD, by getting us closer to the actual experience of the people who lived this past.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Deri Firmansyah ◽  
Dwinanto Priyo Susetyo ◽  
Mira Sumira

The priority of village funds is used to finance the implementation of village programs and activities in the field of village development and village community empowerment. The development and empowerment of village communities can be carried out well if the management of village funds is carried out in a transparent, accountable, orderly and disciplined budget as well as the participation of various parties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of village funds on village development and village community empowerment (Case Study in Cibitung Village, Sagaranten District, Sukabumi). The research method used in this research is the mix method. The object of this research is the people of Cibitung Village, Sagaranten Sukabumi District, the sampling technique in this study was determined by quota sampling of 110 respondents. For statistical analysis simple linear regression analysis is used, the coefficient of determination and to test the hypothesis the t test is used. Based on the results of research and data analysis that has been done, the test results are obtained that the management and distribution of village funds on target can have an impact on the progress of village development and empowerment of rural communities so as to encourage the development of community independence and increase the welfare of village communities.


Author(s):  
Heri Cahyo Bagus Setiawan ◽  
Aries Kurniawan ◽  
Muhammad Ghufran Ramdhani ◽  
Ragillia Ragillia

The PKM program that is a partner is Hendrosari Village, Menganti District, Gresik City. Villages that have the potential to be developed into tourist villages. The vast land and other economic potentials seem to have been built by this village. However, this potential is not yet optimal in practice. Because through this PKM program we focus on renewing, and some training related to maximizing the potential of villages that become tourist villages. Based on observations and results of field interviews, there are two issues considered by partners namely; 1) not yet optimal knowledge of village communities who are members of the Village Economic Business Group (KUEMDes) related to the potential that exists in the village as a tourist village; 2) Movement of community economic activities in the form of economic business is still in the arrangement of (traditional) home management yet not oriented to agro-industry and siwalan agro-tourism which actually has great potential as an agro-industrial and agro-tourism village. In this PKM program we try to provide alternatives and solutions that provide modern and agro-based business support by providing seminars and workshops related to agro-based business management, change management (change from traditional culture to modern culture in the management of business management. It is expected that the existing potential can be optimized in increasing the economic efforts of the community through agro-tourism based KUEMDes and the use of technology that produces potential resources that can become a source of income for rural communities. This activity was created successfully in the form of creating successful collaborative programs until the end of the PKM, building a family atmosphere between the different and solving problems related to shared problems so that they can be used together to find solutions and find out how to increase the economic benefits of this village if used moderately based on agro-industry and siwalan agro-tourism, of course the hope is to achieve the expected benefits, namely increased knowledge, increased productivity and competitiveness, independence and welfare of the community through the utilization of the potential of villages as lontar tourism villages. Keywords:development, village potential, tourism village


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Marwanto Marwanto

<p>In fact, the tradition of weaning spells is still developing and surviving to this day, the existence of this tradition is indeed needed by the community for their children to suckle their mothers. Stopping the child from sucking on his mother again is indeed quite difficult, so the people bring their children to <em>suwuk</em> experts, in this case <em>dukun, kyai</em> and local leaders. <em>Suwuk</em> expert will say <em>rapalan</em> or mantra in this case. The purpose of this study is to describe cultural values in the weaning mantra on rural communities: the study of literary functions. This study uses an observation method with ordinary observations because of observations carried out by researchers without being involved in direct contact with the actors (informants) who were the target of the research. The results of this study, people still use the services of expert <em>suwuk</em> in this case can <em>dukun, suwuk</em> experts, or traditional leaders, so that their children stop asking for milk.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Siswahyudianto

Establishment "BUMDes is also intended to encourage, facilitate, protect and empower economic activities in rural areas that are based on potential" villages or activities both" develop according to the customs and culture of the local community. Village economic institutional strengthening is ultimately intended to improve the socio-economic welfare of rural communities and support the optimization of poverty alleviation programs. The vision of BUMDes "Mekar Jaya" is to realize the welfare of the people of Jabon Village through the development of economic businesses and social services, with the motto, let's build the village together. Based on village deliberations, the village empowerment program concentrates on agriculture, fisheries and computer technology for entrepreneurs.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Iadah Yusop ◽  
Huda Ibrahim ◽  
Shafiz Affendi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zahurin Mat Aji ◽  
Zulkhairi Md. Dahalin ◽  
...  

Accessing required information via the Internet is becoming significant to improve the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the information needs of rural communities. Fieldworks were carried out involving surveys, interviews and observations. The findings show that the types of information requested by these communities include information about business, career opportunity, education, health and ICT. Regardless of their economic sectors, the information needs can be categorized into two: (i) in association with economic activities; and (ii) in relation with daily life. This information can be included in a portal especially designed for the people from different economic sectors to cater their needs.


1993 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polymnia Athanassiadi

The theme of this paper is intolerance: its manifestation in late antiquity towards the pagans of the Eastern Mediterranean, and the immediate reactions and long-term attitudes that it provoked in them. The reasons why, in spite of copious evidence, the persecution of the traditional cults and of their adepts in the Roman empire has never been viewed as such are obvious: on the one hand no pagan church emerged out of the turmoil to canonise its dead and expound a theology of martyrdom, and on the other, whatever their conscious religious beliefs, late antique scholars in their overwhelming majority were formed in societies whose ethical foundations and logic are irreversibly Christian. Admittedly a few facets of this complex subject, such as the closing of the Athenian Academy and the demolition of temples or their conversion into churches, have occasionally been touched upon; but pagan persecution in itself, in all its physical, artistic, social, political, intellectual and psychological dimensions, has not as yet formed the object of scholarly research.


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