scholarly journals Continuity and Change in Howard S. Becker's Work

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Over Time

Howard S. Becker is one of the foremost sociologists of the second half of the twentieth century. Although he is perhaps best known for research on deviance and his book Outsiders, this constitutes only a very small fraction of his earliest work. This interview looks at some of the continuities and cores of his work over fifty years. Becker highlights how his work maintains the same core concerns, although new interests have been added over time. At the core is a concern with “work” and “doing things together.” Becker provides many concrete stories from the past and also raises issues about the nature of doing theory and research, how he writes and produces his studies, and the problems attached to the professionalization of sociology. His writing on art and culture can be seen as assuming a major position in his later work, but he does not identify with either postmodernism or cultural studies.

Non-Partisan Advisors in the Minister’s Office—Ghosts in the Core Executive Machine?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Cole
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
Dependency Approach ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The ‘core executive’ is conceived of as the collection of organisations and procedures that coordinate executive government. Two approaches to core executive studies are: the resource dependency approach, which focusses on how roles interact and resources are utilised; and the functional approach, which focusses on how roles change over time. Both approaches are applied to non-partisan advisors (private secretaries) in ministerial office settings, actors which to date core executive studies have ignored. It reveals the resources that non-partisan advisors apply to contribute to policy coordination and maintain political neutrality; and that their role has changed since the increased presence of partisan advisors in ministers’ offices in the past 20 years. Six distinct roles describe how non-partisan advisors respond to and meet the needs of both minister and public service in the core executive. When compared with political advisory roles, five of the roles appear strongly aligned in function.

Antarctic Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zarankin ◽  
Melisa A. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Antarctica was the last continent to be known. Human encounters with the region acquired different characteristics over time. Within the framework of dominant narratives, the early ‘exploitation’ of the territory was given less attention than late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century ‘exploration’. Nineteenth-century exploitation was especially associated with sealing on the South Shetland Islands. Dominant narratives on the period refer to the captains of sealing vessels, the discovery of geographical features, the volume of resources obtained. However, they do not consider the life of the ordinary sealers who lived and worked on the islands. This chapter aims to show the power of archaeology to shed light on these ‘invisible people’ and their forgotten stories. It holds that archaeology offers a possibility for reimagining the past of Antarctica, calling for a revision of traditional narratives.

Why History?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Way

What is the point of history? Why has the study of the past been so important for so long? Why History? A History contemplates two and a half thousand years of historianship to establish how very different thinkers in diverse contexts have conceived their activities, and to illustrate the purposes that their historical investigations have served. At the core of this work, whether it is addressing Herodotus, medieval religious exegesis, or twentieth-century cultural history, is the way that the present has been conceived to relate to the past. Alongside many changes in technique and philosophy, Donald Bloxham’s book reveals striking long-term continuities in justifications for the discipline. The volume has chapters on classical antiquity, early Christianity, the medieval world, the period spanning the Renaissance and the Reformation, the era of the Enlightenment, the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and developments down to the present. It concludes with a meditation on the point of history today.

scholarly journals Reassessing Cambodia's Patronage System(s) and the End of Competitive Authoritarianism: Electoral Clientelism in the Shadow of Coercion

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-518
Author(s):  
Neil Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
People's Party ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
Authoritarian Elections ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

The dominant literature on Cambodian politics over the past two decades suggested that a mixture of elite and mass clientelism had enabled the hegemonic Cambodian People's Party (CPP) to rule via competitive but authoritarian elections, while lessening its previous reliance on repression and violence. Such explanations did not predict the upswing in contestation in the country in 2013 and thereafter. Neither do they account for the crackdown that followed. Following literature that draws attention to the tensions in building and maintaining political coalitions under authoritarianism, and demonstrating the difficulties in maintaining competitive authoritarianism over time, this article draws attention to structural, institutional, and distributional impediments to the CPP leadership in building and maintaining effective reciprocal relations with electoral clients while simultaneously balancing the interests of the military and other elites at the core of the regime. To make its argument, the article compares weaknesses in the CPP's electoral clientelism with the effectiveness of patronage within the security forces, seen through the lens of Cambodia's experience of land dispossession. It shows that an extractive and exclusive political economy privileged the interests of regime insiders over potential mass electoral clients precisely during the same period the CPP was supposed to be securing its hold on power via mass electoral clientelism. This further explains why the regime fell back on repression over reform in response to the upswing in contestation manifest from 2013, and why, despite the failings of its mass patronage project, repression has nevertheless been successful as a strategy for regime survival during a period of heightened popular contestation.

The Shifting Tones of Pope Leo the Great's Christological Vocabulary

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Philip L. Barclift
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Over Time

Over the past several decades Leonine studies have focused attention on Pope Leo the Great's Christology, noting the influence his Tomus ad Flavianum had at the Council of Chalcedon. In fact, because of this strong influence twentieth-century scholars have studied the Tome nearly exclusively in order to identify the heart of Leo's Christology. There can be no question, of course, that the Tome should be consulted in order to understand Leo's Christology, but it marks only one phase in the ongoing development of the ways he chose to express his christological insights. In part the Tome itself precipitated this development insofar as it opened up his Christology to scrutiny in the East. The tone of Leo's insights and the language he used to express them shifted and acquired greater precision over time in his letters and sermons in direct response to the dynamics of the christological controversy in the East, of which Leo's Tome made him a part. This development is most evident in three areas: his avoidance of the “Mother of God” title for the Virgin Mary after initially using it early in his pontificate; his use of the terms homo and humanus, which Leo learned to distinguish later in his pontificate; and his adoption of the Antiochene homo assumptus formula late in his pontificate to emphasize the fullness of Christ's human nature. These phenomena reflect the pope's careful attempt to distance himself from the rising tide of the Monophysite movement in the East, as he began to channel his traditional, Western Christology more through formulae used by Antiochene theologians. These phenomena can only be observed through careful, chronological analysis of the broader corpus of Pope Leo's works.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Evan A. Kutzler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Sensory History ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Over Time

This final section explores the prospects and limitations of sensory history as a method for assessing the past. The importance of the senses to individual prisoners did not end in 1865 and memoirs were an important continuation of prison experience. That individual sensory experiences change over time reflects the process of historical memory—a continual construction and reconstruction of the past. The centrality of context to perception makes sensory history an exceptional way to historicize experience; however, this also limits the reconstruction of past sensory experiences. MacKinlay Kantor's novel about a Civil War prison written in the 1950s, for example, says more about the sensory worlds of the twentieth century than the nineteenth century. The importance of sensory history as a methodology is that the senses are subjective and radically contingent on time and place.

Continuity and change in Scandinavian police reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Lars Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Police Management ◽  
Police Performance ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Reform Processes

The paper provides an overview of recent police reforms in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, including what is known about the results of those reforms. The reform processes in the three countries are quite similar. The number of individual police districts is drastically reduced, strong centralized management is introduced, and reforms are expected to yield additional manpower though rationalization. To date, however, the results do not live up to expectations; reforms are hard realize in the expected time, resources are scarce, local policing is hard to maintain, and police performance and efficiency do not seem to increase. The paper offers two related explanations for the lack of results. First, all three reforms place emphasis on centralizing police management, regardless of the problems they are expected to solve. Second, a staple of Scandinavian police reforms is the quest for viability; police districts must be large enough to handle all eventualities. Even though the concept of viability has changed over the past 50 years, it is still at the core of reform plans. The paper concludes with a discussion about the possibility of ever achieving police viability.

scholarly journals Repetition, adaptation, institutionalization—How the narratives of political communities change

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682098731
Author(s):  
Johanna Hase
Keyword(s):  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Over Time

At times when migration and diversity are politically salient and controversially discussed, the rhetoric of staying ‘as we are’ is widespread. But how do ‘we’ actually change and how would ‘we’ know when it happens? Based on the premise that political communities are the products of narratives of peoplehood, this paper explores how such narratives evolve over time. It conceptualizes different modes of balancing narrative continuity and change. These modes – repetition, adaptation, and institutionalization – are illustrated with reference to evolving German narratives of peoplehood centring around (not) being a country of immigration. The paper argues that all modes lead to some degree of change in narratives of peoplehood. Against the backdrop of different understandings of the core of a narrative, it further discusses when such changes fundamentally affect who ‘we’ are. Overall, the paper invites scholars, policymakers, and citizens to think critically about the essential aspects of their political communities’ narratives and to be aware of the stories that ‘we’ are told and that ‘we’ tell ourselves.

scholarly journals A perspectiva canhota de um emigrado russo: expressão homoerótica na poesia de Valério Pereliéchin (1953-1992)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cortez Minchillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Core Theme ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
The Town

This article examines the poetry of Valério Pereliéchin ("Valerii Pereleshin" in his native Russian), a gay writer and translator who produced a significant collection of homoerotic poems in Portuguese over the second half of the twentieth century. Pereliéchin was born in Russia in 1913 and soon migrated to China, where he lived among other Russian émigrés in the town of Harbin. In 1953, after a failed attempt to go to the United States, he and his mother arrived in Brazil, where he lived–unnoticed by local writers and artists–for almost forty years. A central issue in Pereliéchin's personal life, homosexuality gradually became the core theme of his work. Through the idea of "existential left-handedness," Pereliéchin challenged heteronormativity, especially by refuting what Lee Edelman has called "reproductive futurity." I argue that Pereliéchin's alternative way of tackling the past and future stems from the intersectionality of his experiences as a gay man and an émigré.

Continuity and Change in the Regimes of Ethnicity in Austria, Germany, the USSR/Russia, and Turkey: Varieties of Ethnic Regimes and Hypotheses for Change

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sener Akturk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Political Science ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
World War ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ethnic Populations

After World War I, Austria, Germany, Russia, and Turkey moved from dynastic-imperial political regimes to quasi-republican regimes justified on the basis of popular legitimacy. Prior to this transition, in the management and political (in)significance of ethnic categories these empires broadly resembled each other. After World War I, the core successor states to these four empires pursued radically different policies in dealing with ethnicity as a social category. One can therefore speak of distinct Austrian, German, Soviet/Russian, and Turkish models in managing multi-ethnic populations, models which persisted since the 1920s. Both the emergence of different regimes of ethnicity in the 1920s and the persistence of these policies throughout the twentieth century present very intriguing puzzles for political science. It is not possible to “explain” either the emergence or the persistence of these distinct policies within the confines of this paper. Instead, the major differences between state policies in these four countries will be described in detail in order to highlight the important differences and the most significant features of each case. Since the major contours of these policies did not change throughout the twentieth century, I will limit myself to a brief description of period-specific nuances in the distinct national trajectories between the 1920s and the 1990s. Finally, I will focus on a period of significant change in the late 1990s in Germany, Russia, and Turkey, and inquire as to the causes of these changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document