scholarly journals Preoperative fasting time in children undergoing elective surgical procedures

Rev Rene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e61347
Author(s):  
Larissa Silva Bergantini ◽  
Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda Ichisato ◽  
Mariana Salvadego Águila Nunes ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preoperative Fasting ◽  
Surgical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fasting Time

Objective: to verify the preoperative fasting time in children undergoing elective surgical procedures. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with information obtained from 20 children’s medical records, submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: the median fasting time was 8.03 hours. The shortest time recorded was 7 hours and 45 minutes and the longest 17 hours and 30 minutes. School children had the longest pre-anesthetic fasting time. In 16 cases, fasting after midnight was prescribed. There was no statistically significant difference between fasting time and the variables age groups and surgical specialties. No correlation was found between the child’s age and fasting time. Conclusion: the median fasting time was shorter than that found in other studies. The patients fasted for longer intervals than recommended. Fasting time was not related to age group, surgical specialty, and age of the child.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Investigating social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiva Bozorgpanah ◽  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Pourya Bahrami ◽  
Elham Noori ◽  
Mohammad Pourya Ezati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Abstract Background and Aim: the present study was conducted to investigate social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study. The total of 380 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by Probability Proportional to Size Sampling method, from the lists of the students in each faculty. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, organized in four sections. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 21.Results: Based on the results of this study 373 (98.2%) of the sample students were on social media, which the most popular ones among them were Telegram (94.1%), Instagram (78.8%) and Whatsapp (61.9%), respectively. The average time spent on social media among students was reported to be 2.78 hours per day and is a significant difference between age groups in terms of attitudes toward using social media (P = 0.031).Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that the majority of students use social media. Since improper use of social media can exert unfortunate effects on different aspects of life of students, and negatively influence their education.

scholarly journals Relationship of occupational health and safety training with health literacy among employees working in the various lines of business

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Nergiz Sevinc ◽  
Burcu Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores

Background<br />Health literacy is vital for people’s ability to manage health. It has been known for a long time that the importance of education in increasing health literacy is an undeniable fact. The first aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy levels of employees working in different business lines receiving service from the occupational health and safety unit. The second aim was to reveal how health literacy levels are affected according to the training duration.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 employees receiving service from the Karabuk occupational health and safety unit. The employees were divided into three groups as workers, officers and others. All employees were given the questionnaire consisting of 31 questions including sociodemographic characteristics and the adult health literacy scale. A face-to-face interview was performed with each of the employees. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results<br />The range of adult health literacy scale scores of the employees was 4-23. There was no significant difference in adult health literacy scale scores between age groups (p=0.38). The percentage of employees who received more than 16 hours training course was 19.3%, 20.6%, and 46.7% for workers, civil servants and other employees, respectively. Adult health literacy scale scores increased in proportion to the amount of training the employees received (p=0.001).<br /><br />Conclusion<br />This study reveals that occupational health training has a positive effect on health literacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

Behavior of fetal longitudinal myocardial fibers assessed by speckle tracking to obtain strain and strain rate values for low-risk pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Mariana Biancardi ◽  
Renato Augusto Moreira de Sa
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myocardial Fibers

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the behavior of fetal longitudinal myocardial fibers assessed by speckle tracking (STE) after fetal viability.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in 156 women with normal singleton pregnancies from 22 to 31 weeks of gestation. Strain (S) and strain rate (SR) values were measured in both ventricles during the fetal cardiac cycle. The population was divided into five gestational age groups based on 2-week intervals. The correlations of maternal variables with the S and SR variables and intra-observer analysis were performed.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the S and SR values of the left ventricle (LV) among the gestational age groups (P = 0.007). Significantly higher S and SR values were observed in early age groups demonstrating reductions in LV S and SR values at 26 weeks, followed by stabilization. For the right ventricle (RV), there was no significant difference between gestational age groups. Significant intra-observer agreement was observed for S values of the RV (P = 0.008) and LV (P = 0.0004) and SR values of the RV (P = 0.0001) and LV (P = 0.015).ConclusionDecreases in the S and SR values of the LV occurred after 26 weeks, followed by stabilization. No significant difference was observed in the S or SR value of the RV among the gestational age groups, and no significant association of any maternal variable evaluated with S and SR values was observed. Significant intra-observer agreement was obtained among the results.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Cancellation of Elective Surgical Procedures at a Tertiary Hospital in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Ogwal ◽  
Felix Oyania ◽  
Emmanuel Nkonge ◽  
Timothy Makumbi ◽  
Moses Galukande
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cancellation Rate

Introduction. The cancellation of elective procedures has been shown to waste resources and to have the potential to increase morbidity and mortality among patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the cancellation of elective surgical procedures and to identify the factors associated with these cancellations at Mulago Hospital, a large public hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10, 2018, to February 20, 2018. We recruited patients of all ages who were admitted to surgical wards and scheduled for elective surgery. Data on patients’ demographic characteristics and diagnosis, as well as the specialty of the surgery, the planned procedure, the specific operating theatre, cancellation, and the reasons for cancellation were extracted and analyzed using logistic regression. Results. Of a total of 400 cases, 115 procedures were canceled—a cancellation prevalence of 28.8%. Orthopedic surgery had the highest cancellation rate, at 40.9% (n = 47). Facility-related factors were responsible for 67.8% of all cancellations. The most common reason for cancellation was insufficient time in the theatre to complete the procedure on the scheduled day. No procedures were canceled because of a lack of intensive care unit beds. There was a significant association between surgical specialty and cancellation (P<0.05) at multivariate analysis. Conclusion. The prevalence of cancellation of elective surgical procedures at Mulago Hospital was 28.8%, with orthopedic surgery having the highest cancellation rate. Two-thirds of the factors causing cancellations were facility-related, and more than 50% of all cancellations were potentially preventable. Quality-improvement strategies are necessary in the specialties that are susceptible to procedure cancellation because of facility factors.

Keratoconus staging by decades: a baseline ABCD classification of 1000 patients in the Homburg Keratoconus Center

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316789
Author(s):  
Elias Flockerzi ◽  
Kassandra Xanthopoulou ◽  
Susanne Christiane Goebels ◽  
Elena Zemova ◽  
Sonia Razafimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advanced Stages

BackgroundThis retrospective cross-sectional study aims to analyse the keratoconus (KC) stage distribution at different ages within the Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC).Methods1917 corneae (1000 patients) were allocated to decades of age, classified according to Belin’s ABCD KC grading system and the stage distribution was analysed.Results73 per cent (n=728) of the patients were males, 27% (n=272) were females. The highest KC prevalence occurred between 21 and 30 years (n=585 corneae, 294 patients). Regarding anterior (A) and posterior (B) curvature, the frequency of A was significantly higher than B in all age groups for stage 0, 1 and 2 (A0>B0; A1>B1; A2>B2; p<0.03, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test). There was no significant difference between the number of A3 and B3, but significantly more corneae were classified as B4 than A4 in all age groups (p<0.02). The most frequent A|B combinations were A4|B4 (n=451), A0|B0 (n=311), A2|B4 (n=242), A2|B2 (n=189) and A1|B2 (n=154). Concerning thinnest pachymetry (C), most corneae in all age groups were classified as C0>C1>C2>C3>C4 (p<0.04, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test). For the best distance visual acuity (D), a significantly higher number of corneae were classified as D1 compared to D0 (p<0.008; D1>D0>D2>D3>D4).ConclusionThe stage distributions in all age groups were similar. Early KC rather becomes manifest in the posterior than the anterior corneal curvature whereas advanced stages of posterior corneal curvature coincide with early and advanced stages of anterior corneal curvature. Thus, this study emphasises the necessity of posterior corneal surface assessment in KC as enabled by the ABCD grading system.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Moral Development in the South African Context

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Smith ◽  
Angina Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
African Context ◽  
Moral Choices

This study has two aims, to examine aspects of Kohlberg's claims of universality within a unique research context and to explore differences in moral development between black and white South Africans. 81 participants from four different age groups were administered Form A of Kohlberg's moral judgement interviews. Analysis supported the age-relatedness of Kohlberg's stages of moral development and provided some support for the notion that the stages should be evident in various cultures. A significant difference in moral development between black and white groups in the 19- to 28-yr. age group was found. Further, black and white groups had different concerns when justifying moral choices. The results were discussed in the context of the South African system, which until recently has been one of institutionalised racial division.

scholarly journals Perfil de usuários e motivos da consulta de enfermagem em estomaterapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura Soares Paczek ◽  
Andreia Inês Engelmann ◽  
Giulia Pedroso Perini ◽  
Glória Pinto Soares de Aguiar ◽  
Erica Rosalba Mallmann Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Care Nursing

Objetivo: analisar o perfil de usuários e os motivos da consulta de enfermagem em estomaterapia. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Coletaram-se os dados em prontuários de 252 usuários nos quais foram consultados em 1116 consultas de enfermagem. Analisaram-se os dados pelo programa SPSS versão 20, empregando-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: revela-se, quanto ao sexo, que não houve diferença significativa; quanto à faixa etária, 53,6% dos participantes tinham 65 anos ou mais de idade; a causa do estoma foi a doença neoplásica maligna em 65,5% da amostra; o motivo da consulta, em 56%, foi a troca de bolsa de ostomia e 50,4% dos pacientes realizaram somente uma consulta no período analisado. Conclusão: mostrou-se, que o enfermeiro estomaterapeuta precisa refletir no planejamento e nas estratégias de cuidados prestados, contemplando a educação do autocuidado do usuário e educação permanente da equipe, enfatizando a sensibilidade do acolhimento, visto que a maioria dos pacientes tem neoplasia maligna, situação de grande impacto na vida do usuário e de sua família. Descritores: Estomia; Consulta de Enfermagem; Educação Permanente; Estomaterapia; Autocuidado; Cuidados de Enfermagem.AbstractObjective: to analyze the profile of users and the reasons for the nursing consultation in stomatherapy. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study. Data was collected from medical records of 252 users, who were consulted in 1116 nursing consultations. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20 program, using descriptive statistics. Results: it is revealed, as for sex, that there was no significant difference; as for the age group, 53.6% of the participants were 65 years old or older; the cause of the stoma was malignant neoplastic disease in 65.5% of the sample; the reason for the consultation, in 56%, was to change the ostomy bag and 50.4% of the patients had only one consultation during the analyzed period. Conclusion: it was shown that the stoma nurse needs to reflect on the planning and care strategies provided, contemplating the education of the user's self-care and permanent education of the team, emphasizing the sensitivity of the welcoming, since the majority of patients have malignancy, situation of great impact on the life of the user and their family. Descriptors: Ostomy; Nursing Consultation; Education Continuing; Stomatherapy; Self Care; Nursing Care.ResumenObjetivo: analizar el perfil de los usuarios y los motivos de la consulta de enfermería en estomaterapia. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal. Se recopilaron datos de registros médicos de 252 usuarios, que fueron consultados en 1116 consultas de enfermería. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el programa SPSS versión 20, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: se revela, en cuanto al sexo, que no hubo diferencia significativa; en cuanto al grupo de edad, el 53,6% de los participantes tenían 65 años o más; la causa del estoma fue la enfermedad neoplásica maligna en el 65.5% de la muestra; el motivo de la consulta, en el 56%, fue cambiar la bolsa de ostomía y el 50,4% de los pacientes tuvieron una sola consulta durante el período analizado. Conclusión: se demostró que el enfermero de estomas necesita reflexionar sobre la planificación y las estrategias de atención provistas, contemplando la educación del autocuidado del usuario y la educación permanente del equipo, enfatizando la sensibilidad de la recepción, ya que la mayoría de los pacientes tienen neoplasia maligna, situación de gran impacto en la vida del usuario y su familia. Descriptores: Estomia; Consulta de Enfermería; Educación Permanente; Estomaterapia; Autocuidado; Cuidados de Enfermería.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Rerata Rasio Kadar Natrium Kalium Maternal Antara Preeklamsia Berat Dan Eklamsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Gunawan Efri Syaputra ◽  
Dovy Djanas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Specific Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome in the form of reduced organ perfusion due to vasospasm and endothelial activation that occurs after 20 weeks of gestational age. eclampsia is the occurrence of seizures in a woman with preeclampsia, Sodium (Na +) and Potassium (K +) play an important role in preeclampsia and eclampsia.Objective: To see the difference in mean sodium potassium ratio between pregnancy with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: The study was analytic descriptive using a cross sectional study design by looking at the medical records of the subjects according to the time and place of the study. Samples are all medical records of pregnant women who suffer from pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in the obstetric and gynecology section of  RSUP DR.M.Djamil padang in the period of 15 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, the values of which are sodium, potassium levels and sodium and potassium ratios. Samples were taken from populations that met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria. Sampling using a consecuvite sampling technique which was taken from the medical records of RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang Statistical analysis to assess significance using the T-test.Results: In the Severe preeclampsia and Eclampsia groups it was found that multipara parity had the highest respondents. This is in accordance with the literature where the incidence of preeclampsia is more often found at near term gestational age.Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the average sodium potassium ratio between Severe preeclampsia and EclampsiaKeywords: Severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, sodium and potassium

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