scholarly journals Quality requirement for seed production in the Nigerian seed industry

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babafemi Sunday Olisa ◽  
Philip Olusegun Ojo ◽  
Ishiak Othman Khalid ◽  
Adebayo Agboola ◽  
Oluwole Towolawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Inherent Quality ◽  
Successful Production

Greater attention is always being given to quantity of seeds produced rather than the inherent quality when issues related to seed requirements are discussed. However, seed production should not be limited to production of crops with high yielding potential, but also of high quality seeds with good economic potential that can give good crop establishment and yields in a wide range of production environments. This requires good knowledge of seed production and the establishment of an economically functional seed system with serviceable strategies. This underscores the importance of seed quality assurance systems strengthened with seed law enforcement strategies to assure production of good quality seeds of preferred varieties. This paper discusses those strategies put in place to ensure a successful production of quality seeds in the Nigerian seed industry and how the setups operate to achieve this objective.

scholarly journals Kendala Adopsi Benih Bersertifikat untuk Usahatani Kentang

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Sayaka ◽  
Juni Hestina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
System Development ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Informal Seed System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Certified Potato Seed

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Most potato farmers in Indonesia do not adopt certified potato seed. Relatively expensive price of certified seed is the main reason the farmers apply the seed produced by themselves. In general, prices of potato produced using certified seed and those produced using uncertified seed are relatively equal. The farmers who regularly apply certified seed are those having partnership with the potato processor. High risk of potato seed production discourages the certified seed producers to produce it in sufficient amount for market supply. Less cost of certified seed production and improved potato selling price will enhance farmers’ adoption of certified seed. The government needs to empower the farmers to produce quality seed by themselves through informal seed system development rather than they have to depend on commercial certified-seed produced by the formal seed industry.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Adopsi benih kentang bermutu oleh petani kentang di berbagai daerah relatif rendah. Harga benih kentang bersertifikat yang relatif lebih mahal dibanding benih kentang yang dibuat sendiri oleh petani merupakan alasan utama petani tidak menggunakan benih bersertifikat. Harga kentang yang berasal dari benih buatan sendiri dibanding harga kentang yang berasal dari benih bersertifikat jika dijual ke pasar umum harganya relatif sama. Penggunaan benih kentang bersertifikat dilakukan petani terutama untuk kemitraan dengan prosesor kentang. Risiko tinggi dalam memproduksi benih kentang bersertifikat merupakan disinsentif bagi penangkar benih kentang untuk berproduksi dalam jumlah yang memadai. Kemudahan dalam menangkarkan benih bersertifikat dan membaiknya harga jual kentang akan meningkatkan adopsi petani terhadap benih kentang bersertifikat. Pemerintah juga harus berinisiatif agar petani secara mandiri bisa menghasilkan benih kentang bermutu melalui pengembangan sistem benih informal dan tidak harus bergantung pada benih kentang komersial yang dihasilkan industri benih formal.</p>

scholarly journals Population-based Models of Seed Viability Loss during Storage: What's the Use?

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 910C-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent J. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precise Quantification

In 1981, R.H. Ellis and E.H. Roberts published a classic paper on the quantification of aging and survival in seeds (Seed Sci. & Technol. 9:373). This paper and subsequent refinements described a model of seed aging in storage that was based on the fact that to a good approximation, deaths over time in a seed population are normally distributed. The model provides a quantitative description of seed longevity across a wide range of storage temperatures and moisture contents. Despite its theoretical importance and practical success, the Ellis–Roberts approach has not been widely adopted by the seed industry to assess seed quality and predict longevity in storage. This may be due, in part, to the rather unfamiliar statistics (probit analysis) used in the model and the apparent complexity of the equations. It will be the argument of this presentation, however, that the precise quantification of seed longevity that this model affords is less significant than the insight that it provides into the nature of seed populations and how to think about them. The objective of this presentation will be to demystify the Ellis–Roberts model and illustrate with concrete examples how the application of population-based thinking is advantageous in many aspects of seed storage and quality assessment.

scholarly journals AIRSC's contribution to the development of breeding and seed production in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
И.М. Коноваленко
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Federal Laws

Ассоциация объединяет более 20 организаций, которые обеспечивают производство и реализацию семян овощных, бахчевых и цветочных культур для профессионального и любительского рынков в объеме 70-90% от их общей потребности в России. В состав АНРСК входят частные селекционно-семеноводческие фирмы (как российские, так и зарубежные), а также государственные научные учреждения. Она принимает активное участие в обсуждении новых законотворческих инициатив и инициатив по внесению изменений в действующие НПА. Деятельность Ассоциации направлена также на решение спектра самых различных проблем, связанных с ущемлением прав и законных интересов хозяйствующих субъектов. Среди них можно выделить вопросы, связанные с работой селекционных учреждений, развитием элитного семеноводства, доработкой семян, реализацией конечной продукции. Совет директоров и Секретариат АНРСК в соответствии с решениями Общего собрания АНРСК и Решениями Совета директоров постоянно осуществляли комплекс мероприятий по превращению отечественного семеноводства в современную отрасль, развивающуюся на новейших технологиях в условиях современных рыночных отношений. Формированию в России современной законодательной базы семеноводства сельскохозяйственных растений, прежде всего овощных, цветочных, декоративных, газонных трав, цивилизованного рынка семян овощных культур в России, интеграции селекционных достижений в мировую семенную индустрию. С участием представителей Ассоциации подготовлены и подписаны президентом два важных федеральных закона. Эти два Федеральных Закона (247-ФЗ и 248-ФЗ) действительно способны сыграть важную роль в развитии экономики и бизнеса членов нашей Ассоциации, в частности. Ассоциация в ряду организаций, принимающих участие в оценке регулирующего воздействия нормативно-правовых актов Минсельхоза России, занимает скромное место, а также (несмотря на то, что Минсельхозу России иногда удается игнорировать ее существование и уклоняться от необходимых экспертных встреч) – некоторых улучшений в деле развития отечественной селекции и семеноводства в первую очередь овощных культур она все-таки добилась. The Association unites more than 20 organizations that provide the production and sale of seeds of vegetable, melon and flower crops for the professional and amateur markets in the amount of 70-90 % of their total demand in Russia. The AIRSC includes private breeding and seed companies (both Russian and foreign), as well as state scientific institutions. It takes an active part in the discussion of new legislative initiatives and initiatives to amend the existing RLA. The Association's activities are also aimed at solving a wide range of problems related to the infringement of the rights and legitimate interests of economic entities. Among them are the following: issues related to the work of breeding institutions, the development of elite seed production, seed refinement, and the sale of final products. The Board of Directors and the Secretariat of the AIRSC, in accordance with the decisions of the General Meeting of the AIRSC and the Decisions of the Board of Directors, constantly implemented a set of measures to transform domestic seed production into a modern industry that develops on the latest technologies in the conditions of modern market relations. The formation in Russia of a modern legal framework for the seed production of agricultural plants, primarily vegetable, flower, ornamental, lawn grasses, a civilized market for vegetable seeds in Russia, and the integration of breeding achievements into the world seed industry. With the participation of representatives of the Association, two important federal laws were prepared and signed by the President. These two Federal Laws (247-FL and 248-FL) can really play an important role in the development of the economy and business of the members of our Association, in particular. The Association occupies a modest place among the organizations that take part in the assessment of the regulatory impact of the regulatory acts of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, and also, despite the fact that the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia sometimes manages to ignore its existence and avoid the necessary expert meetings, it still achieved some improvements in the development of domestic breeding and seed production, primarily vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Interest

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Peter Cihon ◽  
Jonas Schuett ◽  
Seth D. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
The U.S

Corporations play a major role in artificial intelligence (AI) research, development, and deployment, with profound consequences for society. This paper surveys opportunities to improve how corporations govern their AI activities so as to better advance the public interest. The paper focuses on the roles of and opportunities for a wide range of actors inside the corporation—managers, workers, and investors—and outside the corporation—corporate partners and competitors, industry consortia, nonprofit organizations, the public, the media, and governments. Whereas prior work on multistakeholder AI governance has proposed dedicated institutions to bring together diverse actors and stakeholders, this paper explores the opportunities they have even in the absence of dedicated multistakeholder institutions. The paper illustrates these opportunities with many cases, including the participation of Google in the U.S. Department of Defense Project Maven; the publication of potentially harmful AI research by OpenAI, with input from the Partnership on AI; and the sale of facial recognition technology to law enforcement by corporations including Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. These and other cases demonstrate the wide range of mechanisms to advance AI corporate governance in the public interest, especially when diverse actors work together.

Social efficiency of internal affairs bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Bunov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Internal Affairs

The monograph contains a theoretical analysis of the social effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies as the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of law enforcement activities to protect their interests, rights and freedoms. The results of a multidimensional analysis of empirical studies of the influence of macro - and microsocial factors on the effectiveness of interaction between the population and law enforcement agencies are presented. The article substantiates the criteria for social assessment of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the use of which allows for practical adjustment of the forms and methods of the management system. For a wide range of readers interested in the practice of applying legal measures of law enforcement.

scholarly journals Quantifying seed production by volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
E Soltani ◽  
A Soltani ◽  
S Galeshi ◽  
F Ghaderi-far ◽  
E Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship

Volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis are well identified weeds of different cropping systems. Quantitative information on regarding seed production by them is limited. Such information is necessary to model dynamics of soil seed banks. The aim of this work was to quantify seed production as a function of the size of those weeds. A wide range of plant size was produced by using a fan seeding system performed at two sowing dates (environments). Plant size varied from 3 to 167 g per plant for canola and from 6 to 104 g per plant for S. arvensis. Seed production ranged from 543 to14,773 seeds per plant for canola, and from 264 to 10,336 seeds per plant for S. arvensis. There was a close relationship between seed production per plant and plant size which was well-described by a power function (y = 130.6x0.94; R² = 0.93 for canola and y = 28x1.27; R² = 0.95 for S. arvensis). There was also strong relationships among the number of pods produced in individual plants and the quantity of seeds produced (g per plant) with the size of the plant. The relationships found in this study can be used in dynamic seed bank models of volunteer canola and S. arvensis.

scholarly journals Seed conditioning of red oak: a recalcitrant North American seed

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Conditioning

A ten day aerated water soak was developed as a seed conditioning treatment for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Conditioned seeds had higher germination completeness, uniformity and speed compared to control seeds. Seeds could be conditioned under a wide range of temperatures and durations. Conditioned seeds were maintained at 7(0)C for 30 days without loss of seed quality. During conditioning, pericarps split in response to seed hydration. Split pericarps could be used as a pre-sowing indicator for high quality seeds. Seed conditioning was ineffective on dormant seeds. Increased crop uniformity and higher stand establishment can be realized by subjecting red oak acorns to an aerated water soak treatment followed by selecting seeds with split pericarps. These results are especially important in container production systems where limited numbers of value seeds are available.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

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