Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Physical Properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Prepared by Solid-State Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rusiyanto ◽  
R.D. Widodo ◽  
D.H. Al-Janan ◽  
K. Rohmah ◽  
Januar Parlaungan Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
The Impact

Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) ceramic materials are widely used in electronic devices due to their stable operation at high temperatures, high tunability, low tangent loss, low DC leakage, and alterable curie temperatures. While pure BST materials are usually produced at high sintering temperatures (1250 °C), there are limited studies on the temperature and duration of the sintering process to produce pure BST, synthesised from micro or even nano-sized raw materials. This study aims to determine the effective sintering temperature for producing pure BST material using a mixture of raw materials with a mean particle size of 0.4 μm after milled for 58 hours. The BaCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2 materials as raw materials for Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 synthesis were milled for 58 hours to produce a homogeneous mixture with a mean particle size of 0.4 μm. Sintering was carried out in a temperature range of 500-1100 °C for 1 hour. This study investigates the impact of sintering temperature on the physical properties and the purity of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 powder using the x-ray diffraction method. The results showed that the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 phase was formed at a sintering temperature of 700 °C. Pure BST material was formed at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C with a crystallite size of 41 nm. Whereas at a higher sintering temperature (1100 °C), the pure BST material formed produced a larger crystallite, sized at 43 nm with cubic structure. The synthesis temperature and duration recorded in this research are lower than recorded in the BST material preparation using the solid-state method. The results of this study indicate that the sintering temperature greatly affects the purity, crystal system and crystallite size of the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 material produced. The sintering temperature of 1100 °C produces Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 material with the best physical properties because it has a cubic-shaped crystal system and the largest crystal size.

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

scholarly journals PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL AMPAS SAGU DALAM PRODUKSI PIGMEN ANGKAK MENGGUNAKAN Monascus purpureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Alfi Asben ◽  
Deivy Andhika Permata
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Food Colorants

Angka pigment is one of food colorants that safe to used. It can be produced by subtrate that contain of sago hampas. The objective of the research was to get the appropriate of sago hampas particle size to produce the angkak pigment. The steps to produce of angkak pigment were (a) Preparation of raw materials (sago hampas and rice flour substrate with comparison 1:1 (12.5 : 12.5). This research used  three treatments of sago hampas particle size (40-60 mesh, 60-80 mesh, and >80 mesh) with 3 replications, (b) Preparation of Monascus purpureus culture, (c) Solid state fermentation to produce angkak pigment using M. purpureus. The results of the research showed that the substrate with hampas sago particle size 40-60 mesh produced  the best angkak pigment. The angkak pigment obtain the highest color intensity on λ 400 nm, λ 470 nm, λ 500 nm were 6004, 5110 and 3650 respectively, the highest used starch, antioxidant, toxicity, lovastatin and spore of  M.  purpureus were 11.07%, 45.95%, 1719.86 (LC50), 79 ppm, and 3.4 x 103 CPU/g respectively.

scholarly journals Solid-state synthesis of NASICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) using nanoparticle precursors for optimisation of ionic conductivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2291-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jalalian-Khakshour ◽  
C. O. Phillips ◽  
L. Jackson ◽  
T. O. Dunlop ◽  
S. Margadonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Solid State Synthesis ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Microstructure And Performance

Abstract In this work, the effect of varying the size of the precursor raw materials SiO2 and ZrO2 in the solid-state synthesis of NASICON in the form Na3Zr2Si2PO12 was studied. Nanoscale and macro-scale precursor materials were selected for comparison purposes, and a range of sintering times were examined (10, 24 and 40 h) at a temperature of 1230 °C. Na3Zr2Si2PO12 pellets produced from nanopowder precursors were found to produce substantially higher ionic conductivities, with improved morphology and higher density than those produced from larger micron-scaled precursors. The nanoparticle precursors were shown to give a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.16 × 10−3 S cm−1 when sintered at 1230 °C for 40 h, in the higher range of published solid-state Na3Zr2Si2PO12 conductivities. The macro-precursors gave lower ionic conductivity of 0.62 × 10−3 S cm−1 under the same processing conditions. Most current authors do not quote or consider the precursor particle size for solid-state synthesis of Na3Zr2Si2PO12. This study shows the importance of precursor powder particle size in the microstructure and performance of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 during solid-state synthesis and offers a route to improved predictability and consistency of the manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Prospects and possibilities of using ash and slag wastes of power enterprises of Primorsky Krai as technogenic mineral raw materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Sergei Ivannikov ◽  
Evgeniy Shamrai ◽  
Andrey Taskin ◽  
Aleksandr Yudakov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Separate Mineral

The results of an investigation of ash and slag wastes (ASW) of enterprises of the energy sector of Primorsky Krai are presented. The averaged contents of the main elements and mineral complexes in Primorsky Krai are given. It is shown that the mineral composition of the ASW data makes it possible to separate the primary raw materials into fractions with different compositions. A scheme is proposed for dividing the initial ash extractors into separate mineral fractions by the particle size and by their physical properties. The predominant concentration of gold, platinum, rare earth elements (REE) and a number of other valuable components in the heavy non-magnetic fraction isolated from the primary ASW was detected. Almost complete absence of gold, noble metals and REE in underburning of coal, magnetic and micro-dispersed fractions of ASW has been demonstrated. A device was offered for complex processing of ash and slag wastes of enterprises of the power industry of Primorsky Krai, which makes it possible to divide the initial ASW into mineral fractions, being raw materials for various industries.

Effect of Ag2O Doping on Some Physical Properties Y145 Superconductor

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theerathawan Panklang ◽  
Rattanasuda Supadanaison ◽  
Chalit Wanichayanan ◽  
Adullawich Kaewkao ◽  
Tunyanop Nilkamjon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sintering Temperature

In this paper, the Y145 superconductor doped Ag2O were synthesized by solid state reaction. The calcinations and sintering temperature were at 920 °C and annealing temperature was at 550 °C. The highest critical temperature was in Y145+0.1Ag sample with Tc onset at 96 K and the lowest was found in pure Y145 at 95 K. We found that the surface of Y145 superconductor was improved by Ag adding on the porous structure.

Preparation and Properties of CaF2 Nano-Powder

2016 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Meng Yun Dong ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jin Feng Xia ◽  
Hong Qiang Nian ◽  
Dan Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

CaF2 nano-power was prepared by direct precipitation methods with Ca(NO3)2 and KF as raw materials. The influences of presintering temperature and sintering temperature on the particle size and distribution of CaF2 nano-power were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). This study provided an experimental method for preparation of CaF2 nano-power. The results show that the best presintering temperature of CaF2 nano-power is 500°C and the best sintering temperature of CaF2 ceramic is 900°C.

Study on Mechanical Property of Al2O3-Based Composite Ceramics Liner of Heavy-Medium Cyclone

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 581-584
Author(s):  
Li Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ping Huo ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Scanning Electron

In laboratory condition, industrial zirconia and alumina were used as raw materials, whose particle size was controlled by ultrafine treatment of mechanical milling. The effects of different firing temperatures and soaking times on mechanical properties of Al2O3-based composite ceramics liner were researched. And the microstructure of samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that mechanical properties of samples kept 3 h at sintering temperature of 1600°C with adding 30 wt% zirconia are the best.

scholarly journals The effect of milling time on the alumina phase transformation in the AMCs powder metallurgy reinforced by silica-sand-tailings

2022 ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Sukanto ◽  
Wahyono Suprapto ◽  
Rudy Soenoko ◽  
Yudy Surya Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to determine the effect of milling time and sintering temperature parameters on the alumina transformation phase in the manufacture of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced by 20 % silica sand tailings using powder metallurgy technology. The matrix and fillers use waste to make the composites more efficient, clean the environment, and increase waste utilization. The milling time applied to the Mechanical Alloying (MA) process was 0.5, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours, with a ball parameter ratio of 15:1 and a rotation of 93 rpm. Furthermore, hot compaction was carried out using a 100 MPa two-way hydraulic compression machine at a temperature of 300 °C for 20 minutes. The temperature variables of the sintering parameter process were 550, 600 to 650 °C, with a holding time of 10 minutes. Characterization of materials carried out included testing particle size, porosity, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), SEM-Image, and SEM-EDX. The particle measurement of mechanical alloying processed, using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) instrument and based on XRD data using the Scherrer equation, showed a relatively similar trend, decreasing particle size occurs when milling time was increased 0.5 to 24 hours. However, when the milling time increases to 48 and 96 hours, the particle size tends to increase slightly, due to cold-weld and agglomeration when the Mechanical Alloying is processed. The impact is the occurrence of the matrix and filler particle pairs in the cold-weld state. So, the results of XRD and SEM-EDX characterization showed a second phase transformation to form alumina compounds at a relatively low sintering temperature of 600 °C after the mechanical alloying process was carried out with a milling time on least 24 hours

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