scholarly journals Study on the Effectiveness of Banana Peel Coagulant in Turbidity Reduction of Synthetic Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Mokhtar ◽  
M. Priyatharishini ◽  
R. A. Kristanti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
Simple Extraction

Coagulation is an effective, simple and widely practiced water treatment method. However, the usage of chemical coagulant pose detrimental effect on living organism and human health as well as producing large amount of toxic sludge. This study describes the utilization of banana peel as a natural coagulant for the treatment of household wastewater. The natural coagulant extracted from banana peel was prepared by using simple extraction method. Synthetic wastewater was used in this study to imitate the medium strength household wastewater. The parameters investigated in this study were pH of wastewater, coagulant dosage, and solvent of extraction. The effectiveness of the natural coagulant was evaluated based on the reduction of turbidity during the treatment process. The treatment of synthetic wastewater using banana peel coagulant was found to be the most effective at pH 1 and dosage of 100 mg/l whereas the most effective solvent to extract this type of fruit waste is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In present work, it can be concluded that the banana peel coagulant was highly feasible in removing turbidity of the synthetic wastewater with removal efficiency of 88% under optimum condition.

Pharmaceutical Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Using Heterogeneous - Photocatalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Mei Lee ◽  
Puganeshwary Palaniandy ◽  
Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman ◽  
Mohd Nordin Adlan
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Very High

Compound Parabolic Collecting Reactor (CPCR) was designed and used for the heterogeneous-photocatalytic treatment process. Sunray was act as an economically and ecologically sensible light source. The photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol in the synthetic wastewater by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated. The experimental results show that the paracetamol removal rates were very high and nearly equal (97.2% to 99.7%) at pH 4-7 and TiO2 concentration of 0.5-1 g/L. This implies that the photocatalytic degradation rate of paracetamol is not affected by pH range in this study as the electrostatic interaction between the TiO2 and paracetamol is not able to be developed unless a wider range of pH is set. Furthermore, the concentration of TiO2 of 0.5 g/L is too high to treat the concentration of 10 mg/L of paracetamol. Further research is needed in order to identify the optimum pH condition and a suitable correlation of concentration between TiO2 and paracetamol. Finally, the results proved that the heterogeneous-photocatalyst treatment method which associated with the application of CPCR and solar energy is able to eliminate the paracetamol from the synthetic wastewater.

scholarly journals Utilization of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as coagulant aid to treat synthetic Congo red wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kristianto ◽  
Sekar Astari Saraswati ◽  
Susiana Prasetyo ◽  
Asaf K Sugih
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bet Isotherm ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Over the last few years, there is a significant growth in research exploring natural based coagulant due to its various benefits to decrease or even substitute the usage of inorganic chemical coagulants. Polysaccharide based coagulant and coagulant aid is a promising source for this purpose, due to its abundance. In this study, we reported utilization of galactomannan extracted from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid in coagulation of Congo red synthetic wastewater. The coagulation was done at fixed dosage of FeCl3 (160 mg/L) and pH of 6. The effect of galactomannan as coagulant aid was observed by varying galactomannan dosage (0-140 mg/L) and Congo red concentration (20–70 mg/L). It was found that galactomannan as coagulant aid could increase the removal of Congo red, around 30–90% removal, depends on Congo red concentration, compared FeCl3 only (0–65%). The coagulation adsorption study was also investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Brunauer – Emmet – Teller (BET) isotherm models. It was found that Congo red coagulation using FeCl3 only was following Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer – homogenous formation during the coagulation. On the other hand, with the presence of galactomannan the coagulation was best described by BET isotherm, indicating multilayer – heterogeneous adsorption, possibly due to interparticle bridging of galactomannan during colloid aggregation. The findings in this study suggest synergistic effect of galactomannan and FeCl3 in the coagulation process and proved potential of galactomannan from spent coffee grounds as natural coagulant aid.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Tannery that Using the Conventional Treatment of Waste Water and That Using the Recycling Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Rehab Ahmed Salman ◽  
G. A. Gasmelseed ◽  
R. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Great Saving ◽  
Float Process

The conventional treatment methods of tannery spent float is found to be not sufficient to meet the required international standers levels of liquid discharges on the other hand the establishment of the treatment unit for the physical, biological and chemical treatment of the spent float is found to be extremely high-cost process. During the life time of the tannery by using the recycling of the spent float method, there would be a great saving in the water and the chemicals as well as environment protection. The comparison of the capital cost estimates of two tanneries with the same capacity, one with the conventional treatment method (large treatment unit should be established) and the other used the recycling of the spent float process, show the advantages of using the recycling process over the conventional treatment process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bio-coagulants for colour removal from dye synthetic wastewater: characterization, adsorption kinetics, and modelling approach

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Obiora-Okafo ◽  
OD Onukwuli ◽  
NC Eli-Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Coagulant Dosage

Dye usage for industrial applications has been on the increase and these activities generate large amounts of dye-constituted wastewater that should be treated before environmental discharge or reuse. Various studies have shown the application of natural organic polymer (NOP) coagulants in dye removal from industrial wastewater. In this research, the coagulation performances of Vigna unguiculata (VU) and Telfairia occidentalis (TO) for colour removal from crystal Ponceau 6R dye synthetic wastewater was studied. The proximate compositions, structure, and surface morphologies of the coagulants were investigated using standard methods, i.e. Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Colour removal was evaluated through the time-dependent decrease in particle concentration and thus growth of flocs. Effects of the process parameters, including pH, coagulant dosage, dye concentration (DC), settling time, and temperature were preliminarily tested and the best range experimentally determined. The optimal operating conditions established were pH 2, 800 mg∙L−1 coagulant dosage, 100 mg∙L−1 dye concentration, 300 min, and 303 K. The order of greatest removal was VUC > TOC with optimum efficiency of 93.5% and 90.7%, respectively. The values of K and α obtained for VUC and TOC were 8.09 x 10−4 L∙mg−1∙min−1, 1.7 and 9.89 x 10-4 L∙mg−1∙min−1, 1.6, respectively. Coagulation time, Tag, calculated and deduced from the particle distribution plot, showed a rapid coagulation process. Coagulation-adsorption kinetics indicated agreement with the pseudo-second-order model deducing that chemisorption is the rate-controlling step. It further indicates that particle adsorption on the polymer surfaces occurred mostly as a mono-molecular layer and according to the chemisorption mechanism. Cross-validation showed good prediction of the experimental data. The selected coagulants have the potential for application as efficient coagulants while also showing significant adsorption characteristics. The application of kinetics and modelling in separation processes involving particle transfer is especially required in wastewater treatment.

Effect of Shear Stress on Granulation in Oxygen Aerobic Upflow Sludge Bed Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. Shin ◽  
K.-H. Lim ◽  
H.-S. Park
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic upflow sludge blanket(AUSB) process is a new biological wastewater treatment method applying the concept of the self-immobilization to activated sludge. Two sets of AUSB system with different mixing velocities of 3 rpm(R1) and 6 rpm(R2) were operated for high-rate treatment of synthetic wastewater. The COD removal efficiency in R2 was higher than R1 at the same loading rate up to 7 kg/m3·day. However, in R1, the sludge bulking was observed at the end of the experiment. The chocolate colored granules were formed about 5 days after the start-up. The morphological study on the granular sludge consortia was made with both scanning electron and optical microscopes. The granules were 0.5-2.5 mm in diameter and mainly consisted of bacteria with pili-like appendages and filamentous bacteria, which were thought to be Sphaerotilus natans and Beggiatoa. In R1, the long multicellular filaments causing bulking were prevalent in the granule, while in R2 overgrowth of filamentous bacteria was prevented with appropriate shear stress resulting in higher MLSS density. Experimental results indicated that granulation could be controlled by physical stress on granular sludge.

Modeling and Optimization of Poly Electrolyte Dosage in Water Treatment Process by GMDH Type- NN and MOGA

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbarizadeh ◽  
A. Daghbandan ◽  
M. Yaghoobi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values

Coagulation-flocculation is the most important parts of water treatment process. Traditionally, optimum pre coagulant dosage is determined by used jar tests in laboratory. However; jar tests are time-consuming, expensive, and less adaptive to changes in raw water quality in real time. Soft computing can be used to overcome these limitations. In this paper, multi-objective evolutionary Pareto optimal design of GMDH Type-Neural Network has been used for modeling and predicting of optimum poly electrolyte dosage in Rasht WTP, Guilan, Iran, using Input - output data sets. In this way, multi-objective uniform-diversity genetic algorithms (MUGA) are then used for Pareto optimization of GMDH networks. In order to achieve this modeling, the experimental data were divided into train and test sections. The predicted values were compared with those of experimental values in order to estimate the performance of the GMDH network. Also, Multi Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGA) are then used for optimization of influence parameters in pre coagulant (Poly electrolyte) dosage.

scholarly journals Improving the Inner Surface State of Thick-Walled Tubes by Heat Treatments with Internal Quenching Considering a Simulation Based Optimization

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Fabian Mühl ◽  
Moritz Klug ◽  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Volker Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Inner Surface

Internal Quenching is an innovative heat treatment method for difficult to access component sections. Especially, the microstructure, as well as the residual stress state at inner surfaces, of thick-walled tubes can be adjusted with the presented flexible heat treatment process. Based on multiphysical FE-models of two different steels, a simulative optimization study, considering different internal quenching strategies, was performed in order to find the optimal cooling conditions. The focus hereby was on the adjustment of a martensitic inner surface with high compressive residual stresses. The simulatively determined optimal cooling strategies were carried out experimentally and analyzed. A good agreement of the resulting hardness and residual stresses was achieved, validating the presented Fe-model of the Internal Quenching process. The shown results also indicate that the arising inner surface state is very sensitive to the transformation behavior of the used steel. Furthermore, the presented study shows that a preliminary simulative consideration of the heat treatment process helps to evaluate significant effects, reducing the experimental effort and time.

Electrocoagulation of azo dye containing synthetic wastewater using monopolar iron electrodes and the characterization of the sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suresh ◽  
S. Sathish ◽  
G. Narendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract In this study, the decolourisation of Congo red dye is studied using the natural coagulant Maize Seed Powder (MSP); a suitable alternative for chemical coagulants in electro coagulation (EC) using iron electrodes. The effects of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, applied voltage and time on the decolourisation of dye were studied. The cost of water treatment is increasing due to suspended and colloidal particle load. The coagulation process can be used as a primary step for water and wastewater treatment processes. Among plant materials that have been tested, the seeds of maize have been shown to be one of the most effective primary coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. The removal efficiency of the dye with and without the presence of MSP as a coagulant aid was determined. In the EC process maximum Congo red removal was achieved by using the natural coagulant MSP. Congo red (CR) decolourisation efficiency is 95.23% at a coagulant dosage of 50 mg/lit, pH of 5, operating time of 15 minutes, and a power of 40 volts with iron electrodes. In the absence of coagulant MSP, Congo red decolourisation efficiency was found to be 80.31% at pH of 5, operating time of 15 minutes, and a power of 40 volts with iron electrodes.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma pada Konversi Biomassa Lignoselulosa Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Bioetanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Harum Azizah Darojati ◽  
Sugili Putra ◽  
Fahril Putera Zulprasetya
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion ◽  
Irradiation Process

Sabut kelapa adalah salah satu limbah lignoselulosa yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi bioetanol. Konversi bioetanol pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu proses pre-treatment, proses Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF), dan proses pemurnian. Proses pre-treatment sebagai proses pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa menjadi poin utama dalam proses konversi biomassa lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa pada proses pre-treatment tersebut. Proses iradiasi gamma divariasikan pada dosis sebesar 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy dan dilanjutkan pre-treatment secara kimia menggunakan NaOH 4%. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses pemurnian setelah proses SSF selama 72 jam. Kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh setelah proses pemurnian diukur menggunakan metode refraktometri dan piknometri. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi pada dosis iradiasi gamma 200 kGy, yaitu 35,15% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 36,77% untuk metode piknometri. Hasil tersebut jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kadar bioetanol tanpa iradiasi gamma yaitu 2,45% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 6,92% untuk metode piknometri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pre-treatment dengan iradiasi gamma dapat menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan iradiasi gamma.Coconut husk is one of lignocellulosic wastes that can be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol conversion in this study was carried out through several stages, namely the pre-treatment process, the Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF) process, and the purification process. The pre-treatment process as the process of breaking lignocellulosic bonds becomes the main point in the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation to breaking lignocellulosic bonds on the pre-treatment process. Gamma irradiation process was varied in doses of 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy and continued with chemical pre-treatment using 4% NaOH. Then the purification process was continued after the SSF process for 6 days. Bioethanol levels obtained after the purification process were measured using refractometry and picnometry methods. In this study, the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained at a gamma irradiation dose of 200 kGy, namely 34.93% for the refractometry method, and 26.67% for the picnometry method, respectively. These results are much higher when compared to bioethanol levels without gamma irradiation, which is 2.25% for the refractometry method, and 5.49% for the picnometry method, respectively. This study shows that the pre-treatment method with gamma irradiation can produce higher levels of bioethanol than without using gamma irradiation.

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