scholarly journals Performance and exhaust gases of a diesel engine using different magnetic treatments of the fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6285-6294
Author(s):  
R. Arias Gilart ◽  
M. R. B. Ungaro ◽  
C. E. A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. F. F. Hernández ◽  
M. C. Sofia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this research, different magnetic treatments were applied to diesel fuel using static magnetic fields of 0.36T of magnetic induction. The magnetic conditioners (MCs) were installed in different positions of the fuel lines in the engine and the magnetic treatment of the diesel was also carried out before introducing it into the engine tanks. The study was conducted using a four-stroke, two-cylinder, Lister Petter (LPWS2) engine with a compression ratio of 23.5:1 and a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen oxides and the temperature of the exhaust gases and the mass consumption of fuel were measured. The highest levels of reduction were achieved with the magnetic treatments that locate the MC directly in the engine's pipes. As the number of MC in the engine pipes increases, the emissions of polluting gases decrease. With the treatment that locates one MC in front of each injector, two MC at the entrance of the filter and two MC in the return of fuel were able to increase the O2 emissions by 6.9% and decrease the CO emissions in about 21.3% in the last load of the generator set. With this treatment a decrease in fuel consumption of 4.89% to 80% of engine load was obtained.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal composition of mixed fuel based on the environmental performance of a diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
S.A. Plotnikov ◽  
◽  
Sh.V. Buzikov ◽  
I.S. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The use of rapeseed oil (RO) in tractor engines and other agricultural machinery in its pure form or a mixture of RO with diesel fuel (DF) imposes a number of limitations associated with some dif-ference in physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the most promising is the use of mixed fuel (MF) consisting of DF and RO. The purpose of these studies is to determine the optimal composi-tion of the MF, consisting of DF and RM by optimizing the approximated dependences of the envi-ronmental indicators of a diesel engine. To solve this problem, bench tests of the operation of the D-245.5S diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5) were carried out. The following determined environmental performance indicators of a diesel engine are selected: soot (С), nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (CxHy), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The studies were carried out on various compositions of MF, consisting of 80% DF and 20% RO, 55% DF and 45% RO, 20% DF and 80% RO by weight, respectively. As a result of the bench tests, two load characteris-tics were obtained, the one at a speed of n = 1400 min-1 corresponding to the value of the maximum torque, and the second at a speed of n = 1800 min-1 corresponding to the value of the rated power, as well as the external speed characteristic of the D-245.5S tractor diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5). The analysis of the obtained experimental data revealed the dependence of environmental indicators on the rotational speed of the diesel engine crankshaft, the average effective pressure and the addi-tion of RO in MF by weight. Using the least squares method, the approximated mathematical de-pendences of the ecological indicators of a diesel engine are determined. The analysis of the ob-tained dependencies showed that: the increase in the crankshaft speed n, the proportion of RO in MF and a decrease in the average effective pressure pe, leads to a decrease in soot С to 4.0%, nitro-gen oxides NOx to 100.0 ppm, unburned hydrocarbons CxHy to 1.0 ppm, carbon dioxide, CO2 up to 2%, and an increase in carbon monoxide CO up to 0.16%. As a result of solving the obtained system of equations for the approximated dependences of environmental indicators, the optimal addition of RO to MF of up to 35% by weight was determined.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Engine Load on Compression Ignition Engines Using Biodiesel Blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semakula Maroa ◽  
Freddie Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This study evaluated the performance of a diesel engine operated with waste plastic biodiesel fuel (WPPO) blends. Findings were that at all engine loads (from idling to full load) the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were low compared to conventional diesel (PD), although the emissions of NOX were higher. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the blends dropped while the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with load for all blends until intermediate load when it decreased. WPPO blends had a higher viscosity compared to PD. CO emissions for blend 95/WPPO5 at all engine speed idling modes were 285 ppm, 298 ppm, 320ppm, and 388 ppm while PD emissions were 270 ppm, 295 ppm, 315 ppm and 365 ppm respectively. The values for UHC for blend 95/WPPO5 at all modes were 35 ppm, 28 ppm, 22 ppm, and 18 ppm compared to PD fuel with 20ppm, 25 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40ppm respectively. The NOX emissions for PD fuel at all modes were 175 ppm, 225 ppm, 300 ppm and 375 ppm compared to blend 95/WPPO5 at 195 ppm, 245 ppm, 335 ppm, and 397 ppm. The BSFC values for blend 95/WPPO5 at all modes were 0.48 kg/kW.h, 0.41 kg/kW.h, 0.35 kg/kW.h and 0.4 kg/kW.h compared to PD at 0.45 kg/kW.h, 0.39 kg/kW.h, 0.33 kg/kW.h and 035 kg/kW.h respectively.

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS-DIESEL ENGINE REGULATION AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING ITS ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
VALERIY L. CHUMAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diesel Cycle

The paper shows some ways to improve the environmental characteristics of a diesel engine using gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and operating the engine in a gas-diesel cycle mode. Some possibilities to reduce toxic components of exhaust gases in a gas-diesel engine operating on liquefi ed propane-butane mixtures have been studied. Experiments carried out in a wide range of load from 10 to 100% and speed from 1400 to 2000 rpm showed that the gas-diesel engine provides a suffi ciently high level of diesel fuel replacement with gas hydrocarbon fuel. The authors indicate some eff ective ways to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. The engine power should be adjusted by the simultaneous supply of fuel, gas and throttling the air charge in the intake manifold. This method enriches the fi rst combusting portions to reduce nitrogen oxides and maintains the depletion of the main charge within the fl ammability limits of the gas-air charge to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The authors found that when the engine operates in a gas-diesel cycle mode, the power change provides a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions of gas-diesel fuel only due to gas supply in almost the entire load range as compared to the pure diesel. At high loads (more than 80%) stable engine operation is ensured up to 90% of diesel fuel replaced by gas. Even at 10% of diesel fuel used the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreases by at least 15…20% as compared with a diesel engine in the entire load range. However, there is an increased emission of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases. Further experimental studies have shown that optimization of the gas diesel regulation can reduce the mass emission of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases in 2…3 times and greatly reduce the emission of incomplete combustion products – carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

S. I. Engine Pollution Control Using Low-Cost Palletized Catalytic Converter

Volume 2 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Jakkaraju ◽  
Vasudha Patri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

I. C. Engines consume large amounts of fossil fuel emitting harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). By using a catalytic converter (CC), the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon emissions can be transformed into less harmful carbon dioxide (CO2) & water vapor (H2O). Currently available CC’s are using costly noble metals like platinum (pt), palladium (pd), rhodium (rh) etc., hence making them expensive. This paper deals with the use of low-cost palletized silver coated alumina as the catalyst element in a CC. In this study, alumina and silver were used in the ratio of 10:1. All tests have been conducted on a stationary S.I. Engine at a constant speed of 1500 r.p.m with and without CC. Also, the performance of the palletized CC in combination with promoters like Bismuth, Cerium and Lanthanum was tested which have shown better results than silver alone as the coating element. It has been experimentally determined that the CO emissions have dropped from 7.25 (% vol) to 3.03(% vol) and the HC values have reduced from 350 ppm to 190 ppm.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas addition on DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Premkartikkumar ◽  
K. Annamalai ◽  
A.R. Pradeepkumar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
Di Diesel Engine

Nowadays, more researches focus on protecting the environment. Present investigation concern with the effectiveness of Oxygen Enriched hydrogen- HHO gas addition on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine. Here the Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was produced by the process of water electrolysis. When potential difference is applied across the anode and cathode electrodes of the electrolyzer, water is transmuted into Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas. The produced gas was aspirated into the cylinder along with intake air at the flow rates of 1 lpm and 3.3 lpm. The results show that when Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was inducted, the brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased by 11.06%, Carbon monoxide decreased by 15.38%, Unburned hydrocarbon decreased by 18.18%, Carbon dioxide increased by 6.06%, however, the NOX emission increased by 11.19%.

scholarly journals Elevated Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide Ratio in the Exhaled Breath of Mice Treated With a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi ◽  
Charlotte M. Hirsch ◽  
Azadeh Shojaee Estabragh ◽  
Simone Meinardi ◽  
Donald R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Different Doses

Background.  Analysis of volatile organic chemicals in breath holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients, but investigation of this in experimental mouse models has been limited. Of particular interest is endogenous production of carbon monoxide as a biomarker of inflammation and, more particularly, during sepsis. Methods.  Using a nose-only collection procedure for unanesthetized individual adult mice and sensitive gas chromatography of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of sampled breath, we investigated the responses of mice to one-time injections with different doses of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Two strains of mice were examined: BALB/c and C3H, including an endotoxin-resistant mutant (HeJ) as well as the wild type (HOuJ). Results.  The CO to CO2 ratio increased in a dose-responsive manner within hours in treated BALC/c mice but not control mice. The CO/CO2 values declined to the range of control mice within 48–72 h after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. Breath CO/CO2 values correlated with systemic inflammation biomarkers in serum and heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in blood. C3H/HOuJ mice, but not the HeJ mice, had similar increases of the CO/CO2 ratio in response to the endotoxin. Conclusions.  Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled breath of at least 2 strains of mice increase in response to single injections of endotoxin. The magnitude of increase was similar to what was observed with a bacteremia model. These findings with an experimental model provide a rationale for further studies of normalized CO concentrations in human breath as an informative biomarker for staging and monitoring of sepsis.

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide columns retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: year 2003 initial data set

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1943-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
R. de Beek ◽  
S. Noël ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The near-infrared nadir spectra measured by SCIAMACHY on-board ENVISAT contain information on the vertical columns of important atmospheric trace gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The scientific algorithm WFM-DOAS has been used to retrieve this information. For CH4 and CO2 also column averaged mixing ratios (XCH4 and XCO2) have been determined by simultaneous measurements of the dry air mass. All available spectra of the year 2003 have been processed. We describe the algorithm versions used to generate the data (v0.4; for methane also v0.41) and show comparisons of monthly averaged data over land with global measurements (CO from MOPITT) and models (for CH4 and CO2). We show that enhanced concentrations of CO resulting from biomass burning have been detected which are in reasonable agreement with MOPITT. The measured XCH4 is enhanced over India, south-east Asia, and central Africa in September/October 2003 in line with model simulations where they result from surface sources of methane such as rice fields and wetlands. In qualitative agreement with model simulations the XCO2 measurements over the northern hemisphere show the lowest mixing ratios around July due to uptake of CO2 by the growing vegetation of the land biosphere. We also identified potential problems such as a too low inter-hemispheric gradient for CO, a time dependent bias of the methane columns on the order of a few percent, and a few percent too high CO2 over parts of the Sahara.

scholarly journals Application of the F-statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution to analyze the significance of the effect of changes in the compression ratio of a diesel engine on the value of the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Puzdrowska
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses the impact of changes in the compression ratio on the operating parameters of a diesel engine, e.g. on the temperature of exhaust gases. It presents the construction of the laboratory test stand, on which experimental measurements were realized. It is characterized how the actual changes of the compression ratio were introduced to the existing engine. The program of experimental investigations taking into account the available test stand and measurement possibilities was described. A statistical and qualitative analysis of the obtained measurement results was made. The use of F statistics of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution was proposed to assess the significance of the effect of compression ratio changes on the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas stream. The specific enthalpy of exhaust gases was analysed for one cycle of diesel engine work, determined on the basis of the course of quickly varying temperature of exhaust gases. The results of these analyses are discussed and the utilitarian purpose of this type of evaluation in parametric diagnostics of piston engines is presented.

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