scholarly journals Disposable income and consumption expenses in pensioners’ households in Poland in the years 2010-2019 – the analysis of changes in view of demographic transformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Anna Gardocka-Jałowiec ◽  
◽  
Agata Niemczyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Purpose – The aim of the article is to study the changes of disposable income and consumption expenses in pensioners’ households in the years 2010-2019 and the attempt to draw conclusions corresponding to the deepening process of society ageing.Research method – Categories of disposable income and consumption expenses as well as selected issues from the field of demographic transformations were presented in the theoretical considerations, using the descriptive analysis method. The basis of empirical considerations were secondary data from the Central Statistical Office. Conclusions – The average amount of pension benefits in the common occupational system is generally lower than the average work income and it can be claimed that it gets lower systematically. Disposable incomes in pensioners’ households in 2019 were about 50% higher than in 2010. This tendency was reflected in the increase (of about 3% a year on average) of real expenses on con-sumption produce and services per capita in households. The increase was comparable to the general increase of consumption expenses of households in Poland. In the years 2010-2019 expenses related to food, house maintenance and energy carriers were increasing more slowly than the rise of income.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Conducted considerations constitute a point of view in the evaluation of the changes in the income situation of pensioners’ households in view of the deepening process of ageing of the Polish society. In times of extensive demographic changes related to the ongoing process of society ageing, the elderly constitute a numerous and important consumer group on the market.

scholarly journals Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the work is to assess the demand for food among households in Poland and the changes that occurred in this demand in the years 2000-2016. In addition, changes in the consumption of selected food products over a period of 10 years depending on the socio-economic group of the household have been evaluated. The research material consists of secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2000-2016. The study uses descriptive statistics methods. The income situation of households in Poland during the period under review significantly improved. In the analysed years, monthly expenses on food products per one person grew slower than total expenditure and disposable income. The analysis of the research material showed a decrease in consumption of the majority of discussed food products. The increase in demand occurred in the case of yoghurts as well as cheese and curd. The analysis divided into socio-economic groups of the households showed significant variation in the consumption of sugar, fish and seafood as well as oils and fats.

Forms of physical activity of the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Piotr Czarnecki ◽  
◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Key Phrases ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries. Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging. Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly. Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies). Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.

Analisis Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik terhadap Jual Beli Data Supplier di Agen Fashion

2020 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nur'aeni Nasifah ◽  
Siska Lis Sulistiani ◽  
Yayat Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract. Sale and purchase is transaction that often done by individual or group because there is a transfer of ownership between goods and assets. In practice, sale and purchase is not only done by face to face but also can be done online, as in the case of the sale and purchase of suppliers data at Agen Fashion. This study aims to find out how the transaction practice is and how Islamic law and ITE Law point of view are, whether it is accordance to the laws or not. This research uses qualitative method with normative juridical approach and literature study. The main sources in this study are secondary data that support this research, such as Alquran, Hadith, and the ITE Law. The interviews as data collection techniques are conducted as supplementary data. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. The results of this study are the transaction is not  accordance with the terms of sale and purchase in Islamic law because there is a lack of clarity (gharar) on the quality of the object and is not accordance as well as the clause no. 9 of the ITE Law because the seller did not explain the object completely.Keywords: Sale and Purchase, Islamic Law, ITE Law, GhararAbstrak. Jual beli merupakan bentuk transaksi yang sering dilakukan oleh tiap individu atau kelompok karena dalam jual beli terdapat perpindahan kepemilikan antara barang dan harta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Pada praktiknya, jual beli tidak hanya dilakukan secara bertatap muka melainkan dapat dilakukan secara online, seperti halnya pada jual beli data supplier di Agen Fashion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik jual beli data supplier di Agen Fashion serta bagaimana hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik memandang praktik jual beli data supplier tersebut, apakah telah sesuai dengan hukum yang menjadi pisau analisis dalam penelitian ini atau belum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi kepustakaan. Sumber utama dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang mendukung penelitian ini, yaitu Alquran, Hadis, dan UU ITE. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dilakukan sebagai data pelengkap. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu descriptive analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah transaksi yang terjadi di Agen Fashion tidak sesuai dengan syarat jual beli dalam hukum Islam karena terdapat ketidakjelasan (gharar) pada kualitas objek transaksi, dan tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 9 dalam UU ITE karena pelaku usaha tidak menjelaskan secara lengkap terkait objek yang ditawarkan.Kata Kunci: Jual Beli, Hukum Islam, UU ITE, Gharar

scholarly journals The economic and social role of private farms in Hungarian agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Harangi-Rákos ◽  
Gábor Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The situation and importance of private farms in Hungary have significantly changed and are still changing due to the political and economic regime change of 1989-90 and subsequent events. The aim of this study is to provide – unlike the practice of the last two decades – an impartial review of the social and economic role of Hungarian private farms. To demonstrate the changes occurring in private farms, we rely on the data of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO-KSH)such as the General Structure Surveys, the Farm Structure Surveys, and tables from the online stADAT database. From the point of view of methodology, time series analyses (2000–2010) were performed in the framework of this secondary research. Our hypothesis that private farms in Hungary deserve much more attention than previously, from the perspective of the output of Hungarian agriculture, food consumption and, last but not least, employment (the environmental factor was not examined this time) has been clearly confirmed. The role and significance of this group have also been exceedingly important since EU accession, particularly in the fields of horticulture and animal husbandry, and the strengthening of these positions is indisputably a national economic interest.

scholarly journals Retrospection of the Manufacturing Sector’s Growth in Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The Manufacturing sector is an essential sector for developing economies as well as developed economies. It contributes to every aspect of the economy regarding its contribution to gross domestic product and employment generation. The present study is to examine the growth of the manufacturing sector of Uttarakhand. The secondary data used in the study was collected from the central statistical office and states economics and statistics departments to estimate manufacturing sectors’ contribution. The Kendall Tau and sen’s estimator are used to find the trend in the manufacturing sector’s contribution to nominal and real gross state domestic product of Uttarakhand. The study shows that the growth of Uttarakhand’s manufacturing sector was higher in Phase I (base year 2004-05) estimation, while the growth rate of the manufacturing sector of Uttarakhand was lower in Phase II (base year 2011-12) estimation. During the study period, the growth of the manufacturing sector shows a decreasing trend in Uttarakhand’s real and nominal Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in Phase I, while it was stable during Phase II.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Application Income Tax Article 21 for Business Subject to Final Income Tax at CV RPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
N M S Ambarawati ◽  
◽  
W H Utthavi ◽  
L M Wahyuni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pension Benefit ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Permanent Employees ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
A Company

This research aims to analyze and determine 1) The application of income tax article 21 on business subject to final income tax at CV RPT, 2) The potential for underpayment of article 21 income tax after calculating according to applicable tax regulations. CV RPT is a company engaged in the construction service business. For taxpayers who are subject to final income tax, benefit in kind given to employees is the object of income tax article 21. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained through observation and documentation. This research uses a quantitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, there is a potential for underpayment of income tax article 21 on CV RPT, amounting to Rp9.212.540 for permanent employees and Rp2.750.000 for final income tax article 21 on pension benefits. Besides, it also resulted in the potential for the imposition of administrative sanctions in the form of interest due to the still unfulfilled income tax article 21 obligation, namely Rp1.289.756 for underpayment of article 21 income tax for permanent employees and Rp385.000 for final income tax article 21 on pension benefit.

scholarly journals Czas poświęcany na obróbkę żywności i przygotowanie posiłku w budżecie czasu ludności

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (4) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Beata Kolny
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Time Periods

Population time budget is a juxtaposition of time periods provided for the implementation of life activities. These activities include food processing and meal preparation. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the amount of time spent by Poles on these activities. This topic is important because it affects everyone who satisfies the need for hunger. The amount of time allocated to the activities analyzed can be a basic measure of the level and quality of life of the population. Secondary data presented in the publication of the Central Statistical Office of Poland entitled „Time use survey 2013” and the results of own research conducted on a sample of 300 adult residents of Poland. Research shows that the average time spent on food processing is 1 hour and 10 minutes, preparing breakfast takes 10 minutes on average, lunch 45 minutes and dinner 15 minutes.

scholarly journals The Water‑wastewater‑sludge Sector and the Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Subject

The objective of this paper is a theoretical and empirical analysis and evaluation of the role, importance and opportunities of the water‑sewage‑sludge industry in the implementation of the circular economy. To realize this objective, a review of both the literature and the EU strategic documents concerning the subject of the study was conducted. The applied research method is a descriptive analysis based on available statistical data (Eurostat, EEA, EIO and the Polish Central Statistical Office) as well as on source materials. The theoretical part of the work presents the essence of the circular economy and the general characteristics of the analyzed sector, with a particular focus on the potential for the recovery of water from sewage and the reuse of wastewater, as well as the recovery of phosphorus from the wastewater treatment, processing and disposal of sewage sludge. The results of the study show that: (1) there are significant links between the development goals of the water‑sewage‑sludge sector and the circular economy. (2) it is necessary to seek and implement new solutions and technologies leading to the increased recovery of energy and biogens from sewage sludge. (3) there are still many barriers to the recycling of rainwater and graywater as well as to the reuse of wastewater. (4) the circular economy creates new opportunities for water‑sewage and sludge management at the local and national level.

POLISH AGRICULTURE ENERGY INTENSITY WITH OTHER ECONOMIC SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Paulina Trębska ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The aim of this article is to assess the energy intensity of Polish agriculture with other sectors of the economy. The article also assesses the share of agriculture in final energy consumption in the European Union countries. The article uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. The energy intensity of agriculture in Poland is decreasing and will continue to decline as changes in the agrarian structure and intensification of production in family-owned commodities grow. Comparing the energy intensity of the economy in EU member countries, it is much higher in newly-admitted countries than in EU-15 countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Current Situation of Mongolian Railway and Its Future Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulziinorov Gansukh ◽  
Xu Ming ◽  
Syed Ahtsham Ali
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Capability Analysis ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Official Site

The purpose of this article is to contribute the conceptual knowledge of the railway policy issue in Mongolia. The paper presented an overview of the current transport situation of Mongolian Railway. It analyzes the statistical indicators of freight and passenger traffic as well as capability analysis of the railway transport. Moreover, it highlights its further development prospects and its importance for country’s economic. In last but not least, it formulates the future prospects of sustainable development of railway sector.Findings of this research are: a) by analyzing statistic data the high correlation (R=0.87) between GDP and freight transportation of Mongolia has been confirmed. The type of cargo analyzed and the economically efficient type of cargo within Mongolia has been highlighted. b) The GDP and passenger turnover has a very weak relationship. c) In the regional context, Mongolia’s transport statistics main indexes performance somewhat in the middle and there has room to increase the freight operation in the future.The research method is based on the analysis of strategic documents, secondary data, including statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office in Mongolia, Statistical Office in UBTZ (Ulaanbaatar Railway Mongolian-Russian Joint-stock Company), OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) official site, International Union of Railway (UIC) official site and World Bank official site.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document