Pests and Diseases Associated with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Cultivation at Farmers’ Levels in the Central Region of Benin

Roots and tubers are one of the most important crops that provide food security in West Africa. Thus, Pachyrhisus erosus with its various potentials, is planned to be introduced in Benin to improve the nutritional quality of the population. Prior to that, this study aimed at assessing pests and disease of P. erosus in the agroecological conditions in the central parts of Benin. Conducted at experimental field in Savè during two consecutive years, experiments were laid in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications and three treatments including EC 533 and EC Kew cultivars of P. erosus and cowpea variety named Kpodji-Guèguè. Results showed that the major pests collected from P. erosus namely Ootheca mutabilis, Medythia quaterna, Piezotrachelus varium, Megalurothrips sjostedti and Brevipalpus phoenis were not so far reported in it. Compared to cowpea, pest’s infestation and their damages were lower on P. erosus. Infestation severity on leaves and the percentage of perforated green pods ranged from 0.7% to 3% against 0.8% to 88.9% and from 12.5% to 16% against 57.2% to 64% respectively on P. erosus and cowpea. Cercospora disease caused by Cercospora canescens and yam bean leaf blight caused by an unknown fungus were observed. Cercospora disease affected cowpea and P. erosus while yam bean leaf blight affected only P. erosus. This study provides additional data on pests and diseases associated with P. erosus worldwide and alerts farmers regarding their management.

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Productivity and quality of bagging fruit of hybrid tomatoes

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n2a2020-43250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Raoni Terra de Oliveira Borges ◽

Roberta Camargos de Oliveira ◽

Fabio Teixeira Lucas ◽

José Magno Queiroz Luz ◽

Regina Maria Quintão Lana

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Rural Workers ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fruit Borer ◽

Pest Incidence ◽

Lycopene Content ◽

Fruit Bagging

Tomato cultivation is challenging due to the high susceptibility to various pests and diseases. Fruit borer insects make fruits unfeasible for commercialization because this favors colonization by pathogens. The loss due to borers can be avoided by bagging the bunches of fruit, helping the conventional crop to be more sustainable, reduce the use of pesticides, reduce the residue in fruits and improve the quality of life of rural workers, by less exposure to agrochemicals and poisoning problems. The results are products of better quality and with the possibility of better profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of tomato bagging in the control of fruit borer insects, and its effects on lycopene content, taste, productivity and profitability. The experiment was conducted in a field in the municipality of Uberaba-MG, from November 2016 to September 2017. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 3 x 5 factorial, with four replications. The factors consisted of three tomato hybrids: Dominador (salad), Ravena (Italian) and Carina Star (Santa Cruz), and fruit bagging types, made by TNW (tissue-non-woven), tulle, organza, brown craft and a control, without fruit bagging. The decision of bagging use depends on the pest incidence in the area and the change in the agronomic characteristics of the tomato. The organza and tulle fruits bagging reduce the incidence of borer insects, relative to the control, in the cultivation in spring-summer. The Dominador presents higher brix content among the evaluated hybrids. Carina Star, when bagged with organza, produces fruits with higher levels of lycopene, and is 116% superior to the other cultivars. From the second harvest, organza fabric is the most profitable bagging, since it is the only one that can be reused several times and is therefore more sustainable.

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Efektivitas Minyak Sereh Wangi dalam Mengendalikan Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus L.

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Liza Octriana ◽

Mizu Istianto

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Repellent Activity ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Citronella Oil ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Oil Concentration

One of the problems in papaya cultivation is the high attack of pests and diseases. The mealybug, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is currently found to attack papaya plants. The infestation of mealybugs greatly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of citronella oil on mealybugs on papaya plants. The study for the observation of mortality and fecundity used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 4 treatment levels of citronella oil concentration, namely 0 (control), 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Observation parameters included preference level of papaya mealybugs on the aroma of citronella oil, repellency, fecundity and mortality of mealybugs, with the application of citronella oil. The results showed that citronella oil has the potential to be used to control papaya mealybugs. The application of citronella oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L showed repellent activity against mealybugs, reducing fecundity and causing mortality. The higher the concentration of citronella oil applied, the more potential to control mealybugs. However, the application of citronella oil must be considered for its impact on plants. Too high a concentration can cause toxicity to plants. Keywords: Citronella oil, mealybug, papaya ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya pepaya adalah tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Kutu putih, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococidae) saat ini ditemukan banyak menyerang tanaman pepaya. Infestasi hama kutu putih sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan kualitas buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak serai wangi terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman pepaya. Penelitian untuk pengamatan mortalitas dan keperidian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 0,5 mL/L, 1 mL/L dan 2 mL/L. Parameter pengamatan meliputi preferensi (tingkat kesukaan) hama kutu putih pepaya terhadap aroma minyak serai wangi, daya repelensi, keperidian, serta tingkat kematian (mortalitas) hama kutu putih dengan pemberian minyak sereh wangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi berpotensi digunakan untuk pengendalian hama kutu putih pepaya. Aplikasi minyak sereh wangi pada konsentrasi 0.5, 1 dan 2 mL/L menunjukkan aktivitas repelen (penolak) terhadap kutu putih, menurunkan angka keperidian dan menyebabkan kematian (mortalitas). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi yang diaplikasikan, semakin berpotensi mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Namun, aplikasi minyak serai wangi harus diperhatikan dampaknya pada tanaman. Konsentrasi terlalu tinggi bisa menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman. Kata kunci: Kutu putih, minyak sereh wangi, pepaya

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Kualitas Semen Cair Kambing Boer Berbahan Pengencer Air Kelapa Muda Varietas Viridis Setelah Simpan Dingin

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i1.5449 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Muhammad Ade Salim ◽

Muhammad Nur Ihsan ◽

Nur Isnaini ◽

Trinil Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Semen Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Frozen Semen ◽

Artificial Vagina

ABSTRAKAir kelapa muda varietas viridisdapat dijadikan pengencer aletrnatif semen cair bagi program IB di daerah minim sarana semen beku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa muda viridissebagai bahan pengencer terhadap kualitas semen cair kambing Boer setelah didinginkan. Dilaksanakanselama 3 bulan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan UBUnit SumberSekar,Malang. Metodenya yaitu eksperimen. Semen dari 3 pejantan Boer umur 3-5 tahun, dikoleksi seminggu sekali dengan VB. Air kelapa mudaviridis umur 5-7 bulan serta tris aminomethane sebagai kontrol. Didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (tris aminomethane + 10% KT) dan P1 (air kelapa muda viridis + 10% KT) masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis Ragam (Anova) dengan software Genstat 18. Variabelnya yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian yaitu motilitas individu pada P1bertahan sampai 4 hari (40,5± 24,3%), viabilitas terbaik sampai hari ke-5 (42±24,6%), abnormalitas terendah di hari ke-7(1,31± 0,6). Kesimpulannya, Pengencer air kelapa muda viridis dapat mempertahankan kualitas semen cair kambing Boer selama 4 hari untuk motilitas dan 5 hari untuk viabilitas.Kata Kunci:pengencer, air kelapa, varietas viridisABSTRACTYoung viridis coconut water could be used as an alternative to liquid semen diluent for artificial insemination program in the area with limited facility for frozen semen production. This study evaluated the use of young coconut water as a diluent on liquid semen quality of Boer goat after cold storage. This study was carried out for 3 months at Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The semen was collected from 3 Boer bucks aged at 3 to 5 years old. The semen collection was done once a week with the aid of artificial vagina. The diluents used were young Viridis coconut (5 to 7 months old) and tris aminomethane. The method used was an experiment in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments used were T0: tris aminomethane + 10% egg yolk (control) and T1: young Viridis coconut water + 10% egg yolk. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Genstat 18 software. The variables measured were sperm individual motility, viability, and abnormality. The results showed that the sperm individual motility in T1 survived up to 4 days (40.5± 24.3%), the best viability at 5 days (42.0±24.6%), while the lowest abnormality at 7 days (1.31±0.6). It could be concluded that: 1. Tris aminomethane diluent has higher quality with the storage length up to 9 days, 2. Young Viridis coconut water diluent could preserve liquid semen quality of Boer goat up to 4 days for sperm motility and 5 days for sperm viability.Keywords: diluents, coconut water, viridis variety

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i04.19399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

A B Priyanshu ◽

M K Singh ◽

Mukesh Kumar ◽

Vipin Kumar ◽

Sunil Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Research Centre ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

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Nutritional value of sorghum silages

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i2.32677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽

Renê Ferreira Costa ◽

Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Significance Level ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

High Participation ◽

Sorghum Genotypes

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein.

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Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2013000200019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 286-292

Author(s):

Cristiane Fortes Gris ◽

Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽

Maria Laene de Moreira Carvalho ◽

Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽

Thaís de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

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Influence of vernalization and bulb size on the production of lily cut flowers and lily bulbs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diogo Brito de Almeida ◽

José Geraldo Barbosa ◽

José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽

Fernando Luiz Finger ◽

Joice Crescencio Heidemann

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Commercial Harvest ◽

Physiological Phenomenon ◽

Cold Chamber ◽

The Impact

Exposure of bulbs to cold, a physiological phenomenon called vernalization, and bulb size are important factors in the production of lily bulbs and flowers. This study aimed to verify the influence of vernalization of bulbs on flowering cut lily plants, as well as the impact of size and shape of harvest on the production and quality of flowers and bulbs. In turn, the way the stems of the plants used for cut-flower production are cropped is of higher importance for the production of new flower bulbs. In this sense, the experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG, in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, in split splot scheme with three replications, in which the vernalization periods (25, 35 and 45 days at 4 ± 1 C) constituted the plots; bulb sizes (diameters of 3.2-3.8 cm; 2.5-3.2 cm 1.9- and 2.5 cm), subplots and ways to harvest (full harvest of the stem at the required length for the commercial harvest of the flower, commercial stem harvest at the commercial length, maintaining 10cm of stem in the soil; removal of the floral buds as soon as their appearance is observed and harvest at the end of the season), the sub subplots. The bulbs were planted in beds, with 15 x 20 cm spacing. It was evaluated the number of plants that flowered and the number of flowers, the length and the diameter of the floral buds, fresh and dry weights, diameter and plant height as well as number, perimeter and amount of fresh and dry bulbs. There was a decrease in the plant height with the increase of the vernalization period and a reduction of the diameter of the planted bulbs, as well as of the number and the fresh and dry weights of the produced buds. The production of flowers and buds in number, size and weight was directly proportional to the size of the planted bulbs, while the form of harvest with removal of flower buds increased the number, the perimeter and the fresh and dry weights of the buds. Bulbs with diameter between 3.2 - 3.8 cm, stored for 25 days in cold chamber enable greater production of flowers and the highest stem height, factors that favor the increase in market value.

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Selectivity of Herbicide Associations with Chemical Protector in the Treatment of Sweet Sorghum Hybrid Seeds

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C.D.G. MACIEL ◽

A.M. OLIVEIRA NETO ◽

N. GUERRA ◽

G.B. LEAL ◽

A.A.P. SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Sample ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hybrid Seeds ◽

Stalk Yield

ABSTRACT Sweet sorghum culture is an alternative to sugar and ethanol production. With the aim of evaluating herbicide tank-mix selectivity associated or not to sweet sorghum seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride, two experiments with ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 hybrids were performed in red oxisol (clayey) field conditions, in the municipality of Campo Mourão, Paraná state. A randomized block design was used, with 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor represented three herbicide associations and a control sample without herbicide, and the second factor was constituted by the absence or presence of seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride (5.0 g kg-1). Herbicide treatments were tank-mixes of atrazine + S-metolachor (2,640 + 480 g ha 1) (pre-emergence); atrazine + S-metolachlor + isoxaflutole (2,640 + 480 + 11.25 g ha-1) (pre-emergence) and atrazine + S-metolachlor (1,500 + 384 g ha-1) (post-emergence). The following characteristics were evaluated: intoxication, plant height, stalk diameter, number of internodes per stalk and plant density, performed 60 days after emergence (DAE); stalk yield and Brix, were evaluated on day 85 DAE. Atrazine + S-metolachlor tank-mix applied in pre or post-emergence did not affect growth, development, yield and stalk quality of the ESX5200 and EJX7C5110 sweet sorghum hybrids. Sweet sorghum seed treatment with naphthalic anhydride provided partial protection against the action of atrazine + s-metolachlor + isoxaflutole tank-mixes, being more evident for the ESX5200 hybrid.

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HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF SOUR PASSION FRUIT POPULATIONS UNDER DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS RESISTANT TO Fusarium spp

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moisés Ambrósio ◽

Willian Krause ◽

Celice Alexandre Silva ◽

Laís Alves Lage ◽

Natan Ramos Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Welding Process ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Sour Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to describe histological traits of the graft welding process and evaluate the effect of rootstocks on the physical and chemical traits and the productivity of sour passion fruit populations. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4x2 + 4 factorial scheme (cultivars / canopy x rootstocks), three replicates and nine plants per plot. Commercial cultivars and populations and Passiflora alata and P. nitida rootstocks, in addition to ungrafted plants were used as canopy. Cleft grafting was the grafting type adopted. Traits analyzed such as productivity and physical and chemical quality of fruits were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test. The canopy morphology was evaluated according to descriptors of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Grafting was carried out for each graft/rootstock combination for histological analysis. Sections were obtained by freehand cuts, stained and mounted on semi-permanent slides, examined under optical microscope and photomicrographed. Rootstocks affected the early cultivation and reduced productivity and number of fruits of passion fruit populations. Grafting did not affect the quality of fruits or the canopy morphology. Considering the complete culture cycle, P. alata species is able to be used as rootstock. The anatomical study demonstrates the occurrence of better compatibility in the connection of P. edulis tissues on P. alata, compared to grafting on P. nitida.

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Enhancing Chromium Phytostabilization Using Chelator (Agrobacterium sp. I26 and Manure) to Support Growth and Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.15608/stjssa.v15i2.20818 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riani Dwi Utari ◽

Mohammad Masykuri ◽

Retno Rosariastuti

Keyword(s):

Research Output ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Good Growth ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Control Application

There are many of rice field which is located near the industrial area. The industrial waste contains heavy metals (chromium) which will cause contamination of rice if the waste isn’t treated properly. The used of chemical fertilizers can cause chromium contamination. It needs an effort to do remediation, such as using phytostabilization mechanism. This research aimed to determine the role of chelator in chromium phytostabilization and its influence on the growth and quality of rice. The study was conducted in Waru village, Karanganyar in May to October 2018. This research was factorial design used completely randomized block design with two factors, namely chemical fertilizers and chelator (Agrobacterium sp. I26, and manure). The parameters observed are chromium content and uptake by plant tissues (roots, shoot and rice), plant height and a number of clumps. Research output was without chemical fertilizer-chelator Agrobacterium sp. I26 that can increase the chromium uptake in roots as big as 95.38 %, increased up to 10 % in the shoot and decreased up to 92.38 % in rice compared to control. Application of Agrobacterium sp. I26 can be recommended to produce good quality and quantity of rice (good growth and free from harmful pollutants such as chromium metal).

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