scholarly journals طرق تعليم المحادثة في الهيئة اللغوية "الأزهار" بباري كديري جاوى الشرقية

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Nur Ainun Ritonga

The researcher observed Al-Azhar Course, the one of Arabic Courses in Pare Kediri, East Java that . The reasons for establishing this language body are to assist students in practicing foreign languages, especially Arabic. Its purpose is for students to be able to speak Arabic. Its goal is to upgrade the competence of the Arabic language for Muslims so that they can speak this language and understand the Qur’an and Hadith and understand scientific literature and others. And her vision is a person with knowledge, good deeds, and decent morals. Its mission is to spread the Arabic language as a means of shaping the Islamic person with enthusiasm, intelligence and noble morals. The programs in the linguistic body “Al-Azhar” are from the dorm and the classroom, such as the “distinction” class, the class for the first stage, the class for the second stage, the class for the third stage, the curriculum class, and vacation programs. The methods used to teach conversation material in this linguistic form “Al-Azhar” in Bari Kediri East Java and in the classroom for the second stage, especially as follows: the audio-oral method, the direct method, the crazy method, the rhetorical method, and the problem-solving method.

Author(s):  
Diana Kolomiitseva

The author identifies six main stages and outlines the peculiarities of legal regulation of the sale of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis at each stage. The first stage was from 18 December 1990 to 28 June 1996; the second stage took place from 28 June 1996 to 1 January 2008, covering the period of adoption of the effective Land Code of Ukraine dated 25 October 2001; the third stage lasted from 28 December 2007 to 5 July 2012; the fourth stage was the stage of the development of competitive acquisition of rights to land plots covering the time period from 5 July 2012 to 21 June 2017; the fifth stage covered the experimental period from 21 June 2017 to 1 October 2019; the sixth stage has been going on since 1 October 2019. This periodization enables, firstly, to create a systematic view of the development of legal regulation of the competitive principles of acquiring rights to land plots under the land legislation of Ukraine; and secondly, to assess the legal risks of acquiring rights to land plots having been acquired in a period of time corresponding to the stage of legal regulation. The conducted analysis of the genesis of legal regulation of the sale of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis indicates that in the circumstances of lack of legal framework for land auctions, the process of disposal of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis have not been stopped. Each of the identified stages of legal regulation, except for the fourth one and the last one, has some contradictions in the source base bearing some legal risks for the contracts of sale of land plots on a competitive basis concluded at these stages. Like the Presidential Decrees at the first stage and the Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine at the fifth stage, the decisions of local councils at the second and third stages were a means of and an attempt to accelerate the necessary changes in the land legislation. On the one hand, these regulatory acts are contrary to the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, and on the other hand, they are administrative acts that have been in force for a certain period of time and have not been repealed or deemed to be unconstitutional. Therefore, in making the legal evaluation of the agreements concluded on a competitive basis, they should be assessed taking into account the abovementioned factors.


Author(s):  
Sri Adi Widodo ◽  
A.A Sujadi

The aim of this research to know the error of problem solving in trigonometry. This research used the qualitative descriptive, with the subject of research is 80 students who were taken be based on purposive sampling. The procedure of the data was used by the think out louds. Technically the analysis of the data that was used was (1) studied all the data’s that were gathered, (2) studied results of the work of the student in resolving the problem of trigonometry, (3) carried out the verification from the data. The checking of the legality of the data used the triangulation. The first and second stage of error was the concept, the third stage of error was the algorithm, and the fourth stage of error was habits and Confirmation of the answer. Keyword: error,  problem solving,  trigonometry


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Наталія Михальчук ◽  
Ernest Ivashkevych

In this article we found out the ways of creating innovating means for testing pupils’ skills, abilities and knowledge which not only help the teacher to control teenagers’ process of studying, but also are directed on the development of pupils’ person. In this article we proposed the stages of pupils’ activity with text material which are based not only on information of the text but also on own experience of pupils. It was shown that the first stage (pretext) was implemented before reading the text. Exercises at this stage are aimed at predicting content and semantic information of the text, as well as the removal of possible difficulties in the phonetic, lexical and grammatical nature. The second stage (textual) is the reading of the entire text silently. The reading process can take place in the classroom or at home by the teacher’s instructions. The third stage (post-text) involves performing tasks to control the understanding of the content of the text having been read, as well as exercises aimed at assimilating the linguistic means that provide the skills for operating by pupils these tools in their own statements at the level of the phrase or unpublished unity in connection with the content of the text. The fourth stage is the stage of performing speech exercises, the purpose of which is to develop pupils’ abilities to make fluent oral monologues on the basis of semantic information of the text. Exercises with problematic tasks are carried out, which are based not only on information of the text but also on own experience of pupils.


1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Price

This article aims at elaborating on the commonly held judgment that the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles have somehow been influenced by the Hellenistic novels. It is argued that the one evolved from the other. Three stages can be traced. A first stage consists of Christian allegorizing of the novels based on the many striking crucifixion and empty tomb passages, followed by a second stage of writing Christian allegories based on the Old Testament heritage of Christianity. Joseph and Asenath being the sole surviving example. Finally, the third stage is the explicit composing of Christian versions of the picaresque romantic adventure novels, namely the Apocryphal Acts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Eva Dewi ◽  
Wildana Wargadinata ◽  
Iffat Maimunah ◽  
Faisal Mahmoud Adam Ibrahim

Religious texts written in Arabic are created as a symbol that is not independent from the influence of cultural and social societies. Arab society, which adheres to the patriarchi system in their life, greatly affects every arrangement of their lives as well as Arabic language. It finally creates gender bias in the Arabic language. The gender bias has explicit symbol / word / sign in Arabic which is called function. Meanwhile, Islam itself contains the source of the Qur’an and hadith which are written in Arabic that strongly supports the dignity of women and men in equal rights and position. To answer the problem above, researchers used qualitative and descriptive research methods to express the form of words and language in context. Meanwhile, data analysis is analyzed by using the theory of disassociation Jacques Derrida to find discrepancies in the content of the text through three stages . The first stage, the verbal stage is a critical reading by finding paradoxes and contradictions in the text. The second stage, the textual stage, attempts to find a deeper meaning in the whole text. The third stage, the linguistic stage, is the stage in which the reader requests the appropriateness of the text, its error and its excessive language. The results of this research is expected to finding gender bias in Arabic language and the factors which cause the problems of gender bias in Arabic and our perspecitve of religous texts written in Arabic. Thus, this research is significant as it contributes in Arabic language.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Alluhaybi

This study considers negation in 47 modern Arabic varieties. The types of negation investigated are standard negation and non-verbal negation. The study reveals that negation in Arabic is undergoing a cycle in addition to the Jespersen’s Cycle, which has already been identified by several studies. In the first stage of this additional cycle, a single negator is used to negate both verbal and non-verbal clauses. In the second stage, this negator is attached to a personal pronoun to negate non-verbal clauses only. In the third stage, a new single morpheme is coined and generalised to negate any non-verbal clause. In the fourth stage, this new morpheme is used to negate certain types of verbal clauses. In the last stage, verbal and non-verbal clauses return to be negated similarly, and this newly coined morpheme can negate both of them. In the study, this cycle is referred to as the Arabic negative cycle.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.


Author(s):  
Т.А. Богумил

В статье предлагается концепция жизни и творческого роста В.М. Шукшина сквозь призму тезаурусного и кластерного подходов. Объяснительными «персональными моделями» для интерпретации биографического текста писателя являются кластеры Мартина Идена, Гамлета и Степана Разина. Ранее биографы и литературоведы указывали на важность этих персон для Шукшина, но разрозненно. Впервые предпринята попытка свести указанные персональные модели воедино, в целостный сюжет становления писателя в пространстве культуры. На разных этапах эволюции автора доминирует одна из указанных моделей, последовательно сменяя друг друга, но не вытесняя, а «внахлест». Ранний этап творчества, ориентированный на стратегию Мартина Идена, является попыткой «вписаться» в наличный культурный мейнстрим. Выражено это в следовании поэтике соцреализма. Второй этап подспудно начинается с реабилитации отца Шукшина в 1956 года, когда актуализируется «гамлетовский комплекс», проявляющийся в чувстве вины перед отцом, через стратегию утаивания подлинного «я», мотивы чудаковатости. Третий этап связан с личностью реального исторического лица, Степана Разина, и выражается в открытом протесте против власти. Все важные для В.М. Шукшина поведенческие модели объединены мотивом одинокого противостояния враждебному социуму и имеют трагический финал, что обусловило ранний уход писателя и порождение мифов о насильственном характере его смерти. В.М. Шукшин одновременно был фигурой неординарной и типичной, что позволило его биографии стать «персональной моделью» для последующих авторов, выходцев из сельской глубинки. The article proposes the concept of life and creative growth of V.M. Shukshin through the prism of the thesaurus and cluster approach. The explanatory "personal models" for interpreting the biographical text of the writer are clusters of Martin Eden, Hamlet and Stepan Razin. Earlier, biographers and literary critics pointed out the importance of these people for Shukshin, but it was scattered. For the first time, an attempt was made to bring these personal models together into an integral plot of the formation of the writer in the space of culture. At different stages of the writer’s evolution, one of these models dominates, successively replacing each other, but not crowding out, but “overlapping”. The early stage of creativity, focused on Martin Eden’s strategy, is an attempt to “fit in” the current cultural mainstream. This is expressed in following the poetics of socialist realism. The second stage implicitly begins with the rehabilitation of Shukshin’s father in 1956, when the “Hamletian complex” is actualized. It is manifested in a sense of guilt towards his father, the strategy of concealing the true “I”, eccentricities. The third stage is connected with the personality of a real historical person, Stepan Razin, and is expressed in an open protest against the authorities. All important for V.M. Shukshin's behavioral models are united by the motive of a lonely confrontation with a hostile society and have a tragic ending, which led to the early departure of the writer and the generation of myths about the violent nature of his death. V.M. Shukshin was an extraordinary and typical figure at the same time. That allowed his biography to become a “personal model” for subsequent authors who came from the rural outback.


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