THE CONCENTRATIONS OF URINARY OESTRONE-3-GLUCURONIDE, LH AND PREGNANEDIOL-3α-GLUCURONIDE AS INDICES OF OVARIAN FUNCTION

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Collins ◽  
P. O. Collins ◽  
M. J. Kilpatrick ◽  
P. A. Manning ◽  
J. M. Pike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
Serial Samples

ABSTRACT Methods based upon the principles of radioimmunoassay have been developed and evaluated for the measurement of oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide in samples of unextracted urine. The procedures have been applied to daily urine (early morning fraction and combined 24 hour collections) from 6 women throughout one complete menstrual cycle and to serial samples from an additional 14 women who only collected early morning specimens. The results showed that there were characteristic, well-defined changes in the concentration of all 3 metabolites in both samples of urine and from all subjects. In addition, there was a reasonable correlation between the concentration of all 3 compounds in samples of early morning urine and the corresponding rates of excretion per 24 hours. These findings suggest that the procedures may be of value for monitoring ovarian function over long periods of time, without the problems of stress and inconvenience to the patient. Furthermore, the ratio of values for oestrone-3-glucuronide to pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide may be used to indicate the start and finish of the fertile period.

Development of the first urinary reproductive hormone ranges referenced to independently determined ovulation day

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Sarah Weddell ◽  
Sonya Godbert ◽  
Guenter Freundl ◽  
Judith Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Status Information ◽  
Progesterone Metabolite ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractUrinary hormone level analysis provides valuable fertility status information; however, previous studies have not referenced levels to the ovulation day, or have used outdated methods. This study aimed to produce reproductive hormone ranges referenced to ovulation day determined by ultrasound.Women aged 18–40 years (no reported infertility) collected daily urine samples for one complete menstrual cycle. Urinary luteinising hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G, an estradiol metabolite), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (P3G, a progesterone metabolite) were measured using previously validated assays. Volunteers underwent trans-vaginal ultrasound every 2 days until the dominant ovarian follicle size reached 16 mm, when daily scans were performed until ovulation was observed. Data were analysed to create hormone ranges referenced to the day of objective ovulation as determined by ultrasound.In 40 volunteers, mean age 28.9 years, urinary LH surge always preceded ovulation with a mean of 0.81 days; thus LH is an excellent assay-independent predictor of ovulation. The timing of peak LH was assay-dependent and could be post-ovulatory; therefore should no longer be used to predict/determine ovulation. Urinary P3G rose from baseline after ovulation in all volunteers, peaking a median of 7.5 days following ovulation. Median urinary peak E3G and FSH levels occurred 0.5 days prior to ovulation. A persistent rise in urinary E3G was observed from approximately 3 days pre- until 5 days post-ovulation.This study provides reproductive hormone ranges referenced to the actual day of ovulation as determined by ultrasound, to facilitate examination of menstrual cycle endocrinology.

scholarly journals Reduction in FSH Throughout the Menstrual Cycle After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Young Normal Weight but not Obese Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Bauer ◽  
Katherine Kuhn ◽  
Andrew P. Bradford ◽  
Zain A. Al-Safi ◽  
Mary A. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Urinary Fsh

Dietary fish oil restores ovarian function in subfertile rats, which is thought to be associated with decreased transcription of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit. We have previously demonstrated a reduction in early follicular serum FSH levels in normal weight but not obese women after treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Herein, we report the effect of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA on urinary reproductive hormones across the whole menstrual cycle. This interventional study included 17 eumenorrheic women, aged 24-41 years. One month of daily morning urine was collected before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. Measurements included urinary FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen and progesterone metabolites, plasma fatty acid composition, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Compliance with dietary supplementation was verified by significantly reduced ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA for all subjects after treatment ( P < .01). After 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, urinary FSH was significantly decreased in normal weight, but not obese women, in both follicular and luteal phases (−28.4% and −12.6%, respectively, both P = .04). No significant changes were seen in LH or sex steroids for either weight group. The selective and specific decrease in FSH suggests that omega-3 PUFA supplementation merits further investigation in normal weight women with decreased fertility and/or diminished ovarian reserve.

Effects of prolactin on steroid production by human luteal cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production

The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at concentrations of 0·1–1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml) significantly reduced the oestradiol-17β production induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17β. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.

A pilot study on the utility of reduced urine collection frequency protocols for the assessment of reproductive hormones in adolescent girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C.M. Allaway ◽  
Esther M. John ◽  
Theresa H. Keegan ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractBackground:The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of and compliance to collecting urine samples in pre- and postmenarcheal girls and to determine if a less than daily collection frequency was sufficient for assessing ovarian function.Methods:Twenty-five postmenarcheal girls (11–17 years) collected samples using either a two or a three samples/week protocol during one menstrual cycle. Exposure and mean estrone-1-glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol glucuronide concentrations were calculated, and evidence of luteal activity (ELA) was evaluated. Sixteen premenarcheal girls (8–11 years) collected one sample/month for six consecutive months. Samples were analyzed for E1G concentration. Participant compliance was calculated using dates on the urine samples and paper calendars.Results:Participants collecting three samples/week were more compliant to the protocol than those collecting two samples/week (83.6%±2.6% vs. 66.8%±6.6%; p=0.034). There were no differences (p>0.10) regarding paper calendar return (81.8%±12.2% vs. 92.9%±7.1%), recording menses (55.6%±17.6% vs. 92.3%±7.7%) or sample collection (88.9%±11.1% vs. 84.6%±10.4%) between the two protocols. The average cycle length was 30.5±1.3 days and 32% of cycles had ELA. The premenarcheal girls were 100% compliant to the protocol. Only 68.8% of participants returned the paper calendar and 81.8% of those participants recorded sample collection. The average E1G concentration was 15.9±3.8 ng/mL.Conclusions:Use of a less than daily collection frequency during one menstrual cycle in postmenarcheal, adolescent girls is feasible and provides informative data about ovarian function. Collection of one sample/month in premenarcheal girls is feasible and detects the expected low E1G concentrations. Alternate strategies to the use of a paper calendar should be considered.

scholarly journals Tactics for minimizing risk of increasing estradiol against the background of aromatase inhibitors in combination with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in premenopausal patients. Pilot study results

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
I. B. Kononenko ◽  
A. V. Snegovoi ◽  
L. V. Manzyuk ◽  
E. I. Kovalenko ◽  
V. Yu. Selchuk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gnrh Analogues ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Premenopausal Patients

Aromatase inhibitor (AI) combined with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) have been recognized as an effective approach to adjuvant endocrinotherapy for breast cancer (BC) in premenopausal patients with adverse predictive factors. However, the risk of non-optimal suppression of the ovaries due to the mechanism of action of aromatase inhibitors has been proven. Recently published SOFT-EST studies showed that the blood estradiol (E2) level in 37% of patients was above the level that was permissible for the purpose of this group of drugs. And although today there is no enough scientific justification to interpret this result, the introduction of aromatase inhibitors in adjuvant therapy in young women requires the search for tactics to reduce the risk of mediated increase in estradiol against the background of such therapy. Alertness occurs when the E2 serum level exceeds the menopause limit by the time the aromatase inhibitors are prescribed. Objective of the study. Determine the tactics for minimizing the risk of increasing estradiol against the background of aromatase inhibitors in combination with GnRH-a in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in premenopausal patients. Material and methods. 47 patients of ≤ 50 years old with GR + HER2- Stages I-III Breast Cancer and a regular menstrual cycle before the start of neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy were studied. E2 and FSH levels were assessed at the stage prior to chemotherapy and immediately prior to administering adjuvant endocrinotherapy. After the completion of chemotherapy, only 7 out of 47 women had the menstrual cycle - patients without clinical and biochemical suppression of ovarian function (SOF). 86% of cases had cytostatic amenorrhea (n = 40), of which 23 cases (58%) showed that this condition was not combined with the biochemical response of sex hormones, i.e. there was no biochemical SOF. Thus, the study group included 30 patients, who were supposed to be treated with aromatase inhibitors + GnRH analogues, and had no clinical or biochemical menopause by the time adjuvant endocrinotherapy was prescribed. In order to reduce the risk of mediated increase in estradiol, even with pharmaceutical “switching off” ovarian function, the patients were prescribed the GnRH analogue (Buserelin Depot) before starting aromatase inhibitors therapy. Results and conclusion. A progressive decrease in E2 level was determined after each subsequent administration of Buserelin Depot. The median values remained low only after the third injection. Following the chemotherapy, a decrease in estradiol was accompanied by a physiological increase in the FSH levels in 73% of women. The administration of Buserelin Depot led to a significant decrease in FSH median (p <0.01) in 90% of patients. Aromatase inhibitors and continuing GnRH-a were prescribed to 97% of patients. The results indicate that the achievement of ovarian function suppression prior to the administration of IA, can be considered as a reliable tactics for adjuvant endocrinotherapy in patients of reproductive age. The dynamic assessment of reproductive hormones (E2, FSH) is recognized useful when choosing or correcting therapy in such patients.

scholarly journals Genital endometriosis and melatonin: a role in the pathogenesis and its possible use in the treatment of the disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Saimat Sh. Tkhazaplizheva ◽  
Arseniy S. Molotkov ◽  
Natalia N. Tkachenko ◽  
Valentina L. Borodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
New Treatment

Hypothesis/aims of study. Melatonin is found in almost all living organisms, the range of its effects being quite diverse. Effects of this hormone in the human body are realized via two ways, through specific receptors and non-receptor pathways. Melatonin may act through both membrane and nuclear receptors. In the present work, the expression of MTR1 and MTR2 melatonin receptors was studied in the eutopic endometrium and endometrioid heterotopies, and the level of melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, in daily urine in patients with genital endometriosis (GE) was analyzed. Study design, materials and methods. The experimental group included 67 patients of reproductive age with a verified diagnosis of GE, and the control group consisted of 18 individuals with an ovulatory menstrual cycle without gynecological pathology. The 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level in daily urine was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The study of MTR1 and MTR2 melatonin receptor expression in the endometrium and endometrioid heterotopies was performed in 24 patients with GE and in 10 women of reproductive age who were examined for infertility who did not have gynecological pathology based on diagnostic laparoscopy. To study the expression of melatonin receptors, the endometrium and endometrial heterotopy sampling was carried out from day 18 to day 22 of the menstrual cycle. Morphological assessment included histological and immunofluorescence studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results. In patients with GE, there was found a tendency to a decrease in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in daily urine compared to the control group. It was also found that the total relative expression area of melatonin receptors in the endometrium of women with GE was significantly lower compared to the endometrium of patients from the control group. Significant differences between the average brightness and optical density were not found. In addition, it was revealed that the relative expression areas of MTR1 and MTR2 melatonin receptors in the eutopic endometrium and in endometrioid heterotopies did not differ significantly. A negative correlation was stated between the relative expression area of melatonin receptors and GE prevalence. Particular attention is paid to the role of melatonin in the development of GE and to the possibilities of working out new treatment regimens with its use. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the undoubted role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of GE, however, the development of new treatment regimens with its use requires further study.

scholarly journals Study the accuracy of salivary ferning test as a predictor of ovulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval K. Patel ◽  
Darshit G. Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Regular Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Small Hand

Background: Women probably spent much of their adult life avoiding getting pregnant but when they are actively trying for a baby, it may be taking a little longer time than they hoped. So it is important for the women to know when they are ovulating. Recently, a small hand held microscope (KNOWHEN ovulation microscope) has been developed for the purpose of self-observing ferning patterns in saliva during female fertile period. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the accuracy of salivary ferning test by KNOWHEN ovulation microscope to predict the ovulation and to detect sensitivity and specificity of salivary ferning test and to correlate the salivary ferning with cervical mucus and Trans vaginal sonographic findings (TVS).Methods: This was a prospective observational type of study conducted on all healthy married women volunteers age between 21–40 years attending gynec OPD in sola civil hospital, Ahmedabad, with regular menstrual cycle From April 2016 to September 2016.Results: Salivary ferning test by KNOWHEN ovulation microscope is accurate method of detecting ovulation. Its accuracy was 86.5%.Conclusions: Salivary ferning test is a reliable test to detect fertile period of menstrual cycle. Hence can be use for monitoring ovulation instead of ultrasonography where facility of ultrasonography will not available. Detection of salivary ferning by KNOWHEN microscope has same accuracy as laboratory microscope. KNOWHEN microscope can be use by patient herself to detect fertile period.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of fertile period awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practice in infertile couples seeking fertility assistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3744
Author(s):  
Shilpa Pankaj Kshrisagar ◽  
Arti Sidharth Shirsath
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fertility Awareness ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Fertile Window ◽  
Infertile Couples

Background: Infertility is one of the most distressful condition for a couple. Medical interventions may exacerbate anxiety, depression, stress, loss of self-esteem, guilt and grief in these couples. But many studies indicate that most cases of infertility can be attributed to a physiological cause in the man or woman. Previous research has suggested that poor fertility period awareness may be a contributing cause of infertility among couples seeking assistance at infertility clinics. The actual practices and attitudes towards fertility-awareness in this particular group of patients are unknown and need to be explored. The aim of the present study was to report the study of fertile period awareness and their knowledge, attitude and practice in the infertile couples seeking fertility assistanceMethods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from June to December 2017 in the couples attending the infertility clinic at Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune.Results: Total 246 of 280 distributed questionnaires were completed (response rate =87.8%). Out of these 60% (n=147) believed they had timed intercourse within the fertile window of the menstrual cycle in their attempts at conception, but surprisingly only 36%(n=52) could accurately identify this window. In this study 23% (n=56) participants had already taken prior treatment but still 50% were ignorant about fertile window. It was shocking that among 246 only 15% (n=38) couples were actually practising fertile period due to some reasons and most of them did not know or rely upon the concept of fertile period. Almost 94% of them believed that they should receive fertility-awareness education when they first report trouble in conceiving to their doctor.Conclusions: Most couples seeking assistance at infertility clinics were unaware of the fertile window of the menstrual cycle and only few could accurately identify this window, suggesting that poor fertility awareness may be a contributing cause of infertility.

scholarly journals Monitoring ovarian function by the simultaneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay of two urinary steroid metabolites

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1520-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Barnard ◽  
Fortune Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Fluorescence Immunoassay ◽  
Time Resolved Fluorescence ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Lanthanide Chelates ◽  
Coated Plate ◽  
Urinary Steroid

Abstract We report the development of a novel time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay utilizing two different assay strategies for the simultaneous measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide (EG) and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide (PG) in samples of early morning urine (EMU). The method for the measurement of EG involves the use of a labeled anti-idiotype as a surrogate antigen, whereas the other method (for the measurement of PG) is a regular competitive immunoassay using a labeled antigen. In addition, the procedure uses different lanthanide chelates as labels to monitor ovarian function in women. After washing the streptavidin-coated plate, we added 10 μL of undiluted urine or mixed standard to the coated wells, followed by the addition of 100 μL of assay buffer containing the labeled reactants (i.e., europium-labeled PG and samarium-labeled anti-idiotype recognizing the binding site of the antibody to EG). Subsequently, we added 100 μL of assay buffer containing the two biotinylated specific monoclonal anti-steroid glucuronide antibodies. After incubation for 1 h on a shaker at room temperature, we washed the plate and added 200 μL of enhancement solution to each well. We measured europium and samarium fluorescence, using a gated plate fluorometer with appropriate emission filters. The method demonstrates appropriate sensitivity and precision (all CVs, 5–8%) across the relevant working ranges for each analyte. The technique has been applied to serial EMUs collected from women with normal and stimulated menstrual cycles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document