Iodine kinetics in patients with euthyroid multinodular goitre compared with normal subjects

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. F. Elte ◽  
J. K. Bussemaker ◽  
W. Termorshuizen ◽  
B. M. Goslings ◽  
F. Roelfsema
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Multinodular Goitre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inorganic Iodine

Abstract. In order to investigate whether patients with euthyroid multinodular goitre (EMG) lose more iodine through urinary excretion than is to be expected due to an elevated renal clearance of iodine and/or whether the iodine is handled differently in the thyroid of these patients than in that of normal subjects, the following data were obtained for 33 patients with EMG and 30 normal subjects: thyroid clearance (TC), absolute iodine uptake (AIU), renal 123I clearance (RC) and plasma inorganic iodine (PII). A significantly lower PII and a higher TC was found in the goitre patients. In the control group PII appeared to be higher and TC and RC lower in the older age group (> 50 years). The difference in PII and TC is most easily explained by a higher iodine uptake in the subgroup of normal subjects over 50 years of age. AIU did not differ in any of the groups. Thus, it may be concluded that an endogenous iodine deficiency due to elevated renal clearance of 123I is not a factor in sporadic goitre, at least in our patients. At the observed plasma iodine levels a significantly higher AIU was not found for goitrous patients.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Aboul-Khair ◽  
J. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.

scholarly journals Bi-caudate ratio as a MRI marker of white matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis and ischemic leukocencephalopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena Serag ◽  
Eman Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imaging Science ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Brain atrophy measurement is now a cornerstone in basic neuro-imaging science. While assessment of white matter atrophy by visual inspection is subjective, volumetric approaches are time-consuming and not often feasible. Bi-caudate ratio represents a linear surrogate parameter of brain volume that can be derived from standard imaging sequences. This study highlights the value of the bi-caudate ratio (BCR) as a MRI marker of white matter atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis and ischemic leukoencephalopathy and set a cut-off value to differentiate between patients with white matter atrophy and normal subjects. Results A total of 115 patients (54 males and 61 females) diagnosed with white matter leukoencephalopathy (MS in 51 patients and ischemic leukoencephalopathy in 64 patients) were included. Another group of 60 subjects with a normal white matter signal was recruited as a control group. BCR for the patient group ranged from 0.13 to 0.27 (mean (± SD) = 0.16 ± 0.02), while for the control group, it ranged from 0.05 mm to 0.13 (mean (± SD) = 0.09 ± 0.01). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P value < 0.001). A cut-off value of 0.13 was used to differentiate between the BCR in both patients and control groups with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99.2%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The difference in BCR for patients diagnosed with MS and ischemic leukoencephalopathy was also statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Conclusion The bi-caudate ratio represents a linear measurement of subcortical atrophy that can be useful as a surrogate marker of global supra-tentorial white matter atrophy instead of the usually performed visual and therefore subjective assessment. It is an easily obtained measure that can be performed without complex time-consuming volumetric studies. Our findings also revealed that the BCR is higher in patients with ischemic leukoencephalopathy than in patients with MS.

scholarly journals The effect of Captopril on electrogustometry thresholds, tongue tip vascularization, density and form of the fungiform papillae in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Pavlos Pavlidis ◽  
Georgios Kekes ◽  
Haralampos Gouveris
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue ◽  
Female Subjects

Objective: Aim of the study was to study in parallel changes in electrogustometric thresholds (EGM), in morphology and density of the fungiform papillae (fPap) and in vessels’ shape and density at the tip of the human tongue of patients receiving Captopril. Material and Methods: In 18 female subjects receiving Captopril (50mg, once per day) as Monotherapy against Hypertension EGM thresholds at the chorda tympani, at the soft palate were recorded bilaterally. Morphology and density of the fungiform papillae (fPap) and blood vessels’ density and morphology at the tip of the tongue were examined using contact endoscopy (CE). As control-group 18 healthy non-smokers female subjects of the same age group were also examined. Results: The evaluation of subjects treated with Captopril showed a higher EGM-thresholds as the subjects of the control-group. The difference between the density of patients’ fPap and that of the control-group was statistically significant. It is obvious that Captopril affects the shape and the vascularization of fPap. Captopril can affect seriously taste acuity. Conclusion: The present study provides data concerning the simultaneous changes in both EGM-Thresholds and shape and vascularization of fPap. The use of captopril seems to have a negative effect on them. Keywords: Captopril, contact endoscopy, electrogustometry, fungiform papillae, vascularization

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Regular Exercise on Some Motoric Features in Children in the 7–12 Age Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kürşat Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise on some motoric features in 7&ndash;12-year-old boys and girls in 8 weeks period of time. To the study 66 boys with an average age of 8, &plusmn; 7963, as 54 of them in research and 12 of them in control groups; 66 girls, 36 of them as research and 30 as control group, a total of 132 individuals who joins summer sports schools within the body of Muğla Sıtkı Ko&ccedil;man Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports with no health problems participated in the study. Two tests were applied to the children before and after the exercise program. Height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and 20m velocity measurements were performed to the participants. SPSS 21.00 package program was used for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. For paired comparisons, Paired Samples t test was applied to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In order to determine the difference between the groups, Independent samples t test was applied and the level of significance was set at p &lt;0.05 and 0.01. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the research group between the first and second measurement results of height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity (p &lt;0.05, p &lt;0.01). As a result, in the light of the data obtained from the comparisons between the groups, it was determined that the regularly performed exercises positively affect the body weight, static balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity values in 7&ndash;12 age group boys and girls.

Absorption and Retention of Dietary and Supplemental Fluoride by Infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ekstrand ◽  
E.E. Ziegler ◽  
S.E. Nelson ◽  
S.J. Fomon
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
The Difference

There is a widespread belief that an adequate intake of fluoride during the pre-eruptive stage of enamel formation (i. e., from the diet in frequent small doses throughout the day) will be protective against caries in later life. To obtain data on bio-availability and retention of fluoride in one age group (infants), we studied 3 treatment regimens: In Regimen A, small amounts of fluoride were obtained from the diet in frequent doses throughout the day; in Regimen B, a fluoride supplement (0.25 mg) was given once each day with a feeding; Regimen C was similar to regimen B except that the fluoride supplement was given 1 h before a feeding. For the 3 regimens, the respective mean absorptions of fluoride were 90.1, 88.9, and 96.0% of intake, and the respective retentions were 12.5, 47.1, and 52.3% of intake. Neither the difference in absorption nor the difference in retention between regimens B and C was statistically significant. By subtracting the background urinary excretion of fluoride (i.e., excretion of fluoride while diet was the sole source of fluoride) from the excretion after administration of the fluoride supplement, we calculated that 68.1% of the supplement was retained in Regimen B and 73.0% of the supplement in Regimen C. The difference was not significant.

scholarly journals Response of the esophageal body to wet and dry swallows in Chagas' disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Lilian Rose Otoboni Aprile
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esophageal Body ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Bolus ◽  
Esophageal Contraction

BACKGROUND: Wet swallows cause a greater esophageal contraction amplitude and duration than dry swallows. In Chagas' disease there is a reduction in amplitude of esophageal contraction but we do not know if the difference between wet and dry swallows is seen in the disease. AIM: To compare the esophageal contractions after wet and dry swallows in patients with Chagas' disease. METHODS: We measured the area under the curve (amplitude x duration) of the esophageal contractions in 30 patients with a diagnosis of esophageal involvement by Chagas' disease and 44 controls. We used the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The contractions were measured at 2, 7, 12 and 17 cm below the upper esophageal sphincter, after five swallows of a 5 mL bolus of water alternated with five dry swallows. RESULTS: In the control group wet swallows caused a higher area under the curve than dry swallows. There was no difference between wet and dry swallows in Chagas' disease patients, and there was no difference in wet and dry swallows in Chagas' disease patients compared with dry swallows of controls. At 12 and 17 cm from the upper esophageal sphincter the area under the curve after wet and dry swallows in Chagas' disease patients younger than 60 years (n = 15) was higher than in Chagas' disease patients older than 60 years (n = 15). CONCLUSION: We conclude that in normal subjects there is adaptation to the presence of a liquid bolus inside the esophageal body, which does not happen in patients with Chagas' disease.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Manifestation for Community-Acqiured Pneumonia in Children Living in Endemic Area of Iodine Deficiency

Acta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Halyna Pavlyshyn ◽  
Volha Kibar ◽  
Viktoriia Slyva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
Molecular Damage ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Group 1

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the state of oxidative stress, level of molecular damage in relationship with the subcellular distribution of iodine in patients with community-acquired pneumonia from the iodine deficiency region. Materials and Methods: Our study involved 70 children, 4-14 years old, with CAP (moderate severity in 35 children (Group 1); severe - in 35 (Group 2)) and 35 healthy children of the control group (Group 3). The state of organificated/inorganic, antioxidant defense system, stress-dependent systems, apoptosis and the level of molecular damage were assessed in serum samples. Results: Lower concentration of organificated iodine (12% and 59%, respectively) and high concentration of inorganic iodine (21% and 48%, respectively) were found in Groups 1 and 2. Patients of Group 2 had an inverse relationship between the levels of iodine distribution for the organic and inorganic iodine (r = - 0.645, p<0.05). In patients of Group 1, this relationship tends to decrease. The oxidative stress indicators correlated with disease severity. ROS generation indices in patients of Group 1 is 28.1 (24.2; 32.1) RFU/mg; (p < 0.05); Group 2 – 40.2 (34.2; 42.5) RFU/mg (p < 0.05); Caspase-3 is 25.77 (21.45–32.16) pmol/mg Group 1 and 39.42 (32.41–44.21) pmol/mg Group 2, (respectively, p < 0.05). We found that children with a severe pneumonia have a prooxidant activation, manifested by a significant increase of oxidation-modified proteins [2.21 (1.88–2.53) nmol/mg)] and DNA fragmentation [13.42 (10.3–15.46) %], (p < 0.05). The extent of DNA damage correlates with the extent of apoptosis. Conclusions: Increase in the concentration of inorganic iodine with a simultaneous decrease in the level of organic iodine in the blood, which leads to a more severe course of pneumonia. Fluctuations in the indices of oxidative stress, the level of molecular damage and the intensity of apoptosis in children with pneumonia correlate with the severity of the disease.

A Simple Test for Measuring Platelet Aggregation

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 174-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Holdrinet ◽  
M Ewals ◽  
C Haanen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Spontaneous Aggregation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Von Willebrand

SummaryA simple method of measuring platelet aggregation is described which is suitable as a screening test in studies of haemostasis. This test is based on the phenomenon that blood platelets present in blood in the form of aggregates, are more rapidly deposited during centrifugation than platelets present in dispersed form.A comparative study was made of platelet concentration in the supernatant plasma of slowly centrifuged EDTA-blood, heparinized blood and heparinized blood mixed with ADP (end concentration 4.5 μg/ml).As expected, the platelet concentration was always highest in the EDTA-plasma because EDTA prevents platelet aggregation and disperses platelet aggregates if already present. The difference in platelet count between EDTA-plasma and heparin-ADP, expressed as per cents of the count in EDTA-plasma, was called ADP-aggregation. The ADP-aggregation exceeded 79% in 35 normal subjects. It was lower than 79% in 6 of 9 von Willebrand patients, 11 of 13 relatives of these patients and 7 of 8 uraemic patients.The percentual difference in platelet concentration between EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma was called spontaneous aggregation. This was significantly lower in von Willebrand patients and their relatives than in the control group. By comparing all groups of patients collectively with the normal control group, an even more marked difference in spontaneous aggregation was found.

GENERAL ASPECTS OF IODINE METABOLISM IN SPORADIC GOITRE

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de Crombrugghe ◽  
C. Beckers ◽  
M. De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Stable Iodine

ABSTRACT Studies on iodine metabolism were performed in 17 patients with sporadic non-toxic goitre. A group of 11 normal subjects served as control. These investigations show that goitrous patients are at least iodine deficient: there is a low urinary excretion of stable and radioactive iodine with high thyroid uptake of radioiodine. Various rate constants of the iodide cycle in the body have been calculated. In particular, the concentration of stable iodide in the plasma as well as the pool of inorganic iodine are significantly reduced as compared with controls. The great avidity of the thyroid allowed an equal accumulation of stable iodine per unit of time in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects. Iodine deficiency undoubtly plays a role in the pathogenesis of sporadic non-toxic goitre in Belgium. The importance of lack of iodine is discussed in relation to other goitrogenic factors.

SOMATOMEDIN PRODUCTION IN NORMAL ADULTS AND CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Schimpff ◽  
D. Lebrec ◽  
M. Donnadieu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Adults

ABSTRACT The somatomedin (SM) activity was measured in blood samples withdrawn simultaneously from hepatic (HV) and peripheral (PV) veins in 10 adult patients without liver disease (control group) and in 18 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis. SM activity in the control group was 1.27 ± 0.18 U/ml (mean ± sem) in the HV and 1.00 ± 0.17 U/ml in the PV. In patients with cirrhosis the SM activity was respectively 0.50 ± 0.05 and 0.56 ± 0.06 U/ml. SM activity was greater in the normal subjects than in the cirrhotic patients (P < 0.001 when SM activity measured in the HV, and P < 0.01 when measured in the PV). Close examination of the means of differences of SM activity between the HV and PV, showed that the differences were significantly different from 0 in control only (P < 0.02). At least, this difference (0.275 ± 0.093 U/ml) is greater (P < 0.01) than the one observed in cirrhotic patients (0.066 ± 0.036 U/ml). In 16 subjects, the hepatic blood flow was measured, and the mean hepatic SM activity production was estimated to be 398 ± 334 U/min in 6 subjects from the control group, and 16 U/min in 10 patients with cirrhosis. The difference is significant (P < 0.01). The relationship between SM activity, biochemical liver function parameters, hepatic blood flow and immunoreactive growth hormone were also studied. The results confirm that the liver is involved in serum somatomedin activity generation.

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