Association of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in US adults with diabetes in a national survey

Objective: There is a lack of consensus on whether a high body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate the association between BMI, overweight, obesity, and DR using the data of diabetes respondents in the 2015 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Methods: Diabetes respondents aged over 18-year-old with complete information as well as undergone fundus examination in the past two years or had been diagnosed with DR were included. Weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association of BMI with DR. Results: Among the 21,647 diabetes respondents, 4588 respondents had DR with a weighted prevalence of 22.5%. The mean BMI of all diabetes respondents was 31.50±6.95 kg/m2 with18,498 (86.5%) overweight and 11,353 (54.6%) obese. The mean BMI of the DR group (31.83±7.41kg/m2) was significantly higher than that of the non-DR group (31.41±6.81kg/m2, p<0.05). The proportion of obese respondents in the DR group was higher than the non-DR group (54.3%, p<0.001).The weighted prevalence of DR was 0.8%, 13.8%, 29.7%, and 55.7% for the emaciation group, the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the obesity group, respectively (p<0.001). Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that both BMI (adjusted OR=1.004, 95%CI 1.003-1.004) and obesity (adjusted OR=1.051, 95%CI 1.048-1.055) were associated with DR after adjusting for the confounding variables. However, overweight was not significantly associated with DR. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups increased gradually. Obesity, rather than overweight, was significantly associated with increased DR prevalence.

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Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates From a National Survey in 2015

10.20944/preprints202011.0489.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3,916 persons 18 years and older were analysed that responded to a questionnaire, physical and biochemical measures. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to predict determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. Results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²), 31.8% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, aged 40-49 years (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 4.47, Confidence Interval-CI: 3.39-5.91), urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14-2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36-4.17) were positively, and male sex (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33-0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50-0.94), and larger household size (≥5 members) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33-0.60) were negativey associated with obesity. About two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilized in targeting interventions.

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Lumbar Posterior Muscle and Local Kyphosis in Patients with Degenerative Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112205/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Xu ◽

Chen Guo ◽

Yan Liang ◽

Zhenqi Zhu ◽

Haiying Liu

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽

Local Kyphosis ◽

The Mean ◽

Whole Spine ◽

The Relationship ◽

T2 Mri ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose: To explore the relationship between thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), body mass index (BMI) and the content of lumbar posterior muscles in patients with degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis (DTLK) combined with lumbar stenosis syndrome (LSS).Methods: 126 patients with DTLK and LSS (DTLK group) and 87 patients with simple LSS (control group) were retrospectively included with well-matched demographics. TLK and lumbar lordosis (LL) were obtained on the X-ray of the whole spine. Lumbar crossing indentation value (LCIV) was introduced to evaluate the content of the lumbar muscles, with was measured from T12-L1 to L4-L5 at T2-MRI axial imaging. Three subgroups of normal weight, overweight and obesity were respectively divided into in both groups according to BMI. Three subgroups of increased LL, normal LL normal and decreased LL were also divided into in DTLK group.Results: The mean LCIV (mLCIV) of the DTLK group was less than control group and LCIV showed an increasing trend in DTLK group from T12-L1 to L4-L5. Different from control group, there were no significances in gender and BMI distribution of mLCIV in DTLK group (P>0.05). LCIV in increased LL subgroup was larger than that of normal LL and less LL subgroup (P<0.01). There were no relationship between TLK and BMI in both groups. BMI was positively correlated with mLCIV in control group(P=0.004). TLK and LCIV were negatively correlated (P<0.001) in DTLK group with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.Conclusion: LCIV in DTLK group was less than control group with no gender- and BMI-difference. LCIV and TLK were mutually predictable in DTLK with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.

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Using Multinomial Logistic Regression for Modeling Obesity and Overweight Among People in Urban Area of Ardabil City, Ardabil, Iran

Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology ◽

10.18502/jbe.v6i3.5100 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Firouz Amani ◽

Shervin Tabrizian ◽

Anahita Zakeri ◽

Akbar Pirzadeh ◽

Somayeh Zeynizadeh

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Good Method ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health and increase the risk of more diseases in future. Body mass index (BMI) is a good method for measure the overweight and obesity and waist to hip ration is a good index for measure the abdominal obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 1316 people who selected randomly from Ardabil city. Demographic data and anthropometric parameters such as age,sex, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured by interviewers. Data were analyzed by statistical methods such as t-test, chisquare test, Pearson correlation and multinomial logistic regression model in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the people was 28.5±7.4 years of them, 63.1% were in age group 20-30 years. The mean height of the samples was 162.7±8.6 cm in range 110-194 and the mean weight of them was 68.9±11.7 kg in range 43-111. The mean BMI of patients was 25.7. According to BMI, 35.6% of all samples had overweight and 18.6% had obesity. According to the WHR, 28.1% of male and 22.1% of female had high WHR (abdominal obesity). The prevalence of abdominal obesity based WHR was 25.2%. Conclusion: By using Multinomial Logistic Regression we showed that the relation between BMI and Age was positive and significant and by increasing one year at age of people, the rate of overweight increased 13% and the rate of obesity increased 17% in compare with normal patients.

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The Bidirectional Relationship between Body Weight and Depression across Gender: A Simultaneous Equation Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147673 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7673

Author(s):

Jun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Simultaneous Equation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Males And Females ◽

Probability System

Purpose: This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between body weight and depression for both males and females in the U.S. Methods: Data are drawn from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and a simultaneous ordered probability system is estimated with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to accommodate the two-way causality between depression and body weight categories. The variable of depression is measured by individuals’ past depressive records and current mental health status. Results: Depression and body weight are found to affect each other positively for both males and females on average. In a randomized population, the results of average treatment effects suggest significant body weight differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals. Age and other sociodemographic factors affect body weight differently between genders and between the people with depression and those without. Conclusion: The positive bidirectional relationship between body weight and depression is found. The effect of depression on body weight is significant among both males and females in a randomized population, and females who experience depression are most likely to be obese and less likely to have normal weight compared to females without depression. The risks of overweight and obesity are high among people who are less educated or unable, who have poor health statuses, and who had high blood pressure.

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High body mass index is associated with increased risk for osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint during more than 30 years of follow-up

RMD Open ◽

10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e001368

Author(s):

Mattias Rydberg ◽

Lars B Dahlin ◽

Anders Gottsäter ◽

Peter M Nilsson ◽

Olle Melander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Bmi

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint is a common hand disorder with symptoms including pain and weakness of the thumb. Previous studies have associated high BMI with OA of weight-bearing joints, whereas studies regarding non-weight-bearing joints have shown conflicting results. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on incident OA of the CMC-1 joint.MethodDuring 1974 to 1992, 33 346 participants aged 26–61 years were included in the population-based cohort Malmö Preventive Project. Endpoint data were retrieved from Swedish national registers until end of 2018. Sex-stratified Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders were calculated using BMI as a continuous variable and stratified for normal weight, overweight and obesity.ResultsMedian follow-up was 36 years for men and 32 years for women. A one-unit increment of BMI was independently associated with incident OA of the CMC-1 joint in men (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.15, p<0.001) and women (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.08, p<0.001). Stratifying for BMI groups, obesity was independently associated with OA of the CMC-1 joint in men (HR 3.57; 95% CI 2.68 to 4.77, p<0.001) and women (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.73, p<0.001).ConclusionHigh BMI and obesity are major risk factors for OA of the CMC-1 joint. The association was stronger among men but could be demonstrated also among women. Future studies are warranted to clarify underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for this association, enabling identification of potential therapeutic targets related to obesity in order to prevent the development of OA of the CMC-1 joint.

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Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4198

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3916 persons 18 years or older (M (median) age = 40 years, IQR (interquartile range) age = 29–52 years; men: M = 41 years, IQR = 29–54 years; women: M = 40 years, IQR = 30–51 years) who responded to a questionnaire, and physical and biochemical measures were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was utilised to predict the determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. The results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 31.8% were overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, being aged 40–49 years (compared to 18–39 years old) (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 4.47, confidence interval (CI): 3.39–5.91), living in an urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), and having hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36–4.17) were positively associated with obesity. Being male (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33–0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50–0.94), and having a larger household size (five members or more) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33–0.60) were negatively associated with obesity. Approximately two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilised in targeting interventions.

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Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-020-02353-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Ke ◽

Dajiang Lu ◽

Guang Cai ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Skeletal Age ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal age (SA) are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. Although the results have not been unified, most studies indicated that accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight/obesity. However, there have so far been insufficient studies about the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity in preschoolers, particularly Asian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children to verify the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity at preschool age. Methods The study involved 1330 participants aged 3.1–6.6 years old (730 males and 600 females) in Shanghai, China. The skeletal age was determined according to the method of TW3-C RUS. Accelerated skeletal maturation was defined as relative SA (SA minus chronological age [CA]) ≥1.0 years. BMI was classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-offs. The Chi-square was performed to determine the statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated skeletal maturation in BMI and age categories. The logistic regression model analyzed the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity. Results The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with BMI (7.8% of children in thinness group had accelerated skeletal maturation; the percentage increased to 30.8% in obese group. x2 = 89.442, df = 3, P < 0.01) and age group (at age 3.5, 3.5% of participants had accelerated skeletal maturation; at age 6.0 years, this increased to 27.8%. x2 = 43.417, df = 5, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight and obesity are more likely to have accelerated skeletal maturation than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20–4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.99–7.48). Conclusions There is an association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity among preschool children. This study suggests that accelerated skeletal maturation might coexist with overweight/obesity in preschool children, and interventions, such as dietary modifications and increasing levels of physical activity, should be employed to prevent both accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity as early as preschool age.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension and pre-hypertension among the adult population: Findings from the Dubai Household Survey, 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-606365/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heba M. Mamdouh ◽

Wafa K. Alnakhi ◽

Hamid Y. Hussain ◽

Gamal M. Ibrahim ◽

Amal Hussein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Reference Group ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Adult Population ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Clear Trend

Abstract Background Minimal data is available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and prehypertension in Dubai. The study aims to measure the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and comorbidities among the adult population of Dubai. Methods This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey, 2019. A cross-sectional population survey based on a complex stratified cluster random design. The total eligible sample included 2,530 adults (18+). Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were considered as independent covariates. The main study outcome variables, pre-hypertension and hypertension, were ordinal, with normotension as the reference group. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension in adults was 32.5% (38.37% in males and 16.66% in females). Prehypertension was prevalent in 29.8% of adults in Dubai (28.85% in males and 32.31% in females). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups, gender, occupation, and high Body Mass Index were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension at the level of p < 0.05. No clear trend toward a higher correlation of hypertension was noted with the increase in age, except after the age of 50 years. Males were five- times more likely to be hypertensive than females. Participants enrolled in skilled and service works had a five times higher risk of hypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals). Obese subjects had a 5.47 times greater correlation of hypertension compared with normal-weight subjects. Physically active individuals were less likely to develop hypertension. For the correlates with prehypertension in the present analysis, skilled and service workers and those working in elementary jobs had a higher risk of prehypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals) Individuals with a status of overweight were associated with a higher prevalence of prehypertension compared with people of normal weight. Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Dubai. Some socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors were correlated with prehypertension and hypertension among the studied population. Interventions aiming at increasing public awareness about such risk factors are essential.

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Sex-related change in BMI of 15- to 16-year-old Norwegian girls in cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2017

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1790-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asborg A. Bjertnaes ◽

Jacob H. Grundt ◽

Petur B. Juliusson ◽

Trond J. Markestad ◽

Tor A. Strand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Previous Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Mean ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) has stabilized in some countries, but a portion of children with high body mass index (BMI) may have become heavier. This study aimed to describe the distributions of BMI and the point prevalence of OWOB in Norwegian adolescents in 2002 and 2017. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in Oppland, Norway, was undertaken in 2002 and 2017. We calculated their BMI, BMI z-scores (BMIz), and the prevalence of OWOB. Results The mean BMI increased from 20.7 to 21.4 (p < 0.001) for girls but remained unchanged at 21.5 vs 21.4 (p = 0.80) for boys. The prevalence of OWOB increased from 9 to 14% among girls (difference 5, 95% CI: 2, 8) and from 17 to 20% among boys (difference 3, 95% CI: − 1, 6%). The BMI density plots revealed similar shapes at both time points for both sexes, but the distribution for girls shifted to the right from 2002 to 2017. Conclusion Contrary to previous knowledge, we found that the increase in OWOB presented a uniform shift in the entire BMI distribution for 15–16-year-old Norwegian girls and was not due to a larger shift in a specific subpopulation in the upper percentiles.

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Interaction of Osteoarthritis and BMI on Leptin Promoter Methylation in Taiwanese Adults

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tzi-Peng Yang ◽

Hsiao-Mei Chen ◽

Chao-Chin Hu ◽

Li-Yuan Chen ◽

Fen-Fen Shih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Promoter Methylation ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

P Value ◽

Methylation Data ◽

The Mean

Leptin (LEP) regulates glucose metabolism and energy storage in the body. Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the upregulation of serum LEP. LEP promoter methylation is associated with obesity. So far, few studies have explored the association of BMI and OA with LEP methylation. We assessed the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and OA on LEP promoter methylation. Data of 1114 participants comprising 583 men and 558 women, aged 30–70 years were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank Database (2008–2015). Osteoarthritis was self-reported and cases were those who reported having ever been clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis. BMI was categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The mean LEP promoter methylation level in individuals with osteoarthritis was 0.5509 ± 0.00437 and 0.5375 ± 0.00101 in those without osteoarthritis. The interaction between osteoarthritis and BMI on LEP promoter methylation was significant (p-value = 0.0180). With normal BMI as the reference, the mean LEP promoter methylation level was significantly higher in obese osteoarthritic individuals (β = 0.03696, p-value = 0.0187). However, there was no significant association between BMI and LEP promoter methylation in individuals without osteoarthritis, regardless of BMI. In conclusion, only obesity was significantly associated with LEP promoter methylation (higher levels) specifically in osteoarthritic patients.

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