Association of the +45T>G and +276G>T polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with insulin resistance in nondiabetic Greek women

ObjectiveWe explored potential associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ; +45T>G, rs2241766 and +276G>T, rs1501299) with circulating total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and markers of obesity in a healthy Greek female population.Design and methodsThe two SNPs were genotyped in 349 women without diabetes (mean age: 47.0±12.1 years, mean body mass index: 28.9±5.6 kg/m2). Total and HMW adiponectin concentrations, body composition variables, IR parameters, and plasma lipid levels were determined.ResultsIn single SNP analysis adjusting for several potential confounders, SNP +276G>T was associated with higher fasting insulin levels (P=0.01) and higher homeostasis model assessment index for IR (HOMA-IR; P=0.009), and SNP +45T>G was associated with lower insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P=0.05 and P=0.07 respectively). No association with total or HMW adiponectin, plasma lipid levels, and body composition variables was observed; however, haplotype analysis revealed that subjects homozygous for the most common +45T/+276G haplotype had lower total adiponectin levels than did noncarriers of this haplotype (P=0.02). The observed differences in HOMA-IR were very significant among women with a higher body fat (BF) percentage (≥ the population median of 41%; all P≤0.005), but not among leaner individuals (P for interactions 0.01–0.07), thus suggesting that ADIPOQ effects on insulin sensitivity may depend upon BF status.ConclusionOur data suggest a significant role of ADIPOQ variants at positions +45 and +276 in the development of IR in healthy Greek women possibly through an interaction with BF.

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Association of vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D3 with insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in overweight and obese females

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05608-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Setayesh ◽

Krista Casazza ◽

Nariman Moradi ◽

Sanaz Mehranfar ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Binding Protein ◽

The Body ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model

Abstract Objective Equivocal association the contribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the well-accepted role of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) on bioavailability of 25(OH)D or its independent roles, has led to possible association of the VDBP in glucose metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships among 25(OH)D, VDBP, glucose/insulin metabolism and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Blood samples were collected from 236 obese and overweight women. VDBP and 25(OH)D levels, and biochemical parameters were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An impedance fat analyzer was utilized to acquire the body composition. Results Using the multivariate linear regression, a reverse relationship was observed between VDBP and (HOMA-IR), such that women with higher VDBP displayed lower insulin resistance. The relationship was independent of age, body mass index, standardized energy intake and physical activity (p = 0.00). No significant relationship between 25(OH)D levels, FBS, body composition or insulin resistance were observed (p > 0.2). Current study observed that higher level of VDBP may be associated with lower levels of insulin and HOMA-IR, thus the evaluation of VDBP in diverse population groups seems to have significant clinical value in evaluating the prevalence of DM or early stage of glucose intolerance.

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Vitamin D status and its relation to insulin resistance in a Mexican pediatric population

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 481-486

Author(s):

Yunue Flores Ruelas ◽

Mario Del Toro Equihua ◽

Norma Alejandra Jiménez Solís ◽

Luz Margarita Baltazar Rodríguez ◽

Ivan Delgado Enciso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

World Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Mean

AbstractBackgroundObesity in children and adolescents has increased alarmingly, placing them at a higher risk for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has increased as well. Vitamin D is critical for glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Studies on adults have reported an inverse association between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR), but the results in children are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the association between IR and serum vitamin D levels in obese Mexican children and adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed on 227 children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age. Obesity was diagnosed through body mass index (BMI) for age, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (2007). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using an immunoassay technique and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the Matthews equation. Student’s t-test was carried out.ResultsThe mean serum 25(OH)D level was 35.80 ng/mL, and 55.1% of the subjects had levels classified as sufficient, 33.5% as insufficient, and 11.5% as deficient. The mean level of HOMA-IR was 3.16, and 70% of the subjects were diagnosed with IR. Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR were significantly different in adolescents with hypovitaminosis, compared with adolescents in the vitamin D sufficiency group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionsThe insulin levels and HOMA-IR were higher in adolescents with hypovitaminosis. The girls presented higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR than the boys.

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Hyperthyroidism-Associated Insulin Resistance Is Not Mediated by Adiponectin Levels

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.4061/2011/194721 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chih-Hsun Chu ◽

Hing-Chung Lam ◽

Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽

Chih-Chen Lu ◽

Chun-Chin Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Antithyroid Treatment

To evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, we studied 19 adult patients with this disease and 19 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. All hyperthyroid patients were treated with antithyroid drugs and were re-evaluated after thyroid function normalized. Before antithyroid treatment, the adiponectin plasma concentrations were not different comparing with those in control group. The adiponectin levels remained unchanged after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment than after treatment. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and insulin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups and in the hyperthyroid group before and after treatment. BMI-adjusted adiponectin levels were not different among three groups. On the other hand, BMI-adjusted insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased after management of hyperthyroidism. Pearson's correlation revealed that insulin and HOMA-IR values positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. However, adiponectin did not correlate with T3, FT4, insulin, HOMA-IR and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels. In conclusion, insulin resistance associated with hyperthyroidism is not mediated by the levels of plasma adiponectin.

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Strength training improves insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid levels without altering body composition in overweight and obese subjects

Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/s2173-5093(11)70041-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Óscar Hernán Jiménez ◽

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Strength Training ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Obese Subjects

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Change of Body Composition and Adipokines and Their Relationship with Insulin Resistance across Pubertal Development in Obese and Nonobese Chinese Children: The BCAMS Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/389108 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lu Xu ◽

Ming Li ◽

Jinhua Yin ◽

Hong Cheng ◽

Miao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Composition ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Tanner Staging ◽

The Impact

A transient increase in insulin resistance (IR) is a component of puberty. We investigated the impact of body composition and adipokines on IR during puberty in Chinese children. This study included 3223 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years. IR was calculated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). We revealed that body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference increased gradually during puberty in both genders, while fat-mass percentage (FAT%) increased steadily only in girls. Change of leptin showed striking sexual dimorphisms: in girls leptin increased steadily during puberty, whereas in boys, after a transient rise at the beginning of puberty, leptin declined by Tanner staging even in those overweight or obese. Inversely, adiponectin level decreased significantly during puberty. In both genders, HOMA-IR started to increase at the beginning of puberty, peaked in the middle, and revised at late puberty in overweight/obesity boys while it stayed high till the end of puberty in girls and normal weight boys. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that leptin presented a stronger indicator of HOMA-IR than anthropometric measures during puberty. Our results demonstrated that gender-specific FAT% and leptin changed with pubertal development. Leptin emerged as a stronger predictor of IR than traditional anthropometric indices, suggesting a prominent role in the development of pubertal IR.

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Negative Affect-Related Autonomic Arousal Mediates the Association Between Baroreflex Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Adults

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 243-253

Author(s):

Paul A. Dennis ◽

Julia M. Neal ◽

Emili Travis ◽

Lana L. Watkins ◽

Patrick S. Calhoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Young Adults ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Autonomic Arousal ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Baseline Measure ◽

Insulin Levels

Abstract. Autonomic dysfunction, in particular under-regulation of heart rate (HR) by the baroreflex, is implicated in development of insulin resistance (IR). According to reactivity hypothesis, sympathetic response to stressors may be more sensitive at predicting IR than baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS), a baseline measure of baroreflex functioning. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of negative affect coupled with minute-to-minute HR and heart-rate variability (HRV) monitoring, we examined whether negative affect (NA)-related autonomic arousal mediates the association of BRS with IR. At baseline, BRS was measured, and fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were collected from 178 young adults (18–39 years old), from which homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell functioning (HOMA %B) were derived. Participants subsequently underwent one day of Holter HR and HRV monitoring while reporting NA levels via EMA. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the associations of momentary NA with HR and low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) HRV during the 5-minute intervals following each EMA reading. Structural equation modeling was then used to determine whether individual differences in these associations mediated the association of BRS with IR, measured by HOMA-IR, HOMA %B, and insulin levels. As predicted, BRS was negatively associated with the IR (β = −.17, p = .024). However, NA-related autonomic arousal mediated their association, accounting for 56% of the covariance between BRS and IR. Not only do these results provide support for reactivity hypothesis, they reveal a potential point of intervention in the treatment of affective dysregulation.

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Adipose tissue macrophage burden, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00109.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (2) ◽

pp. E254-E264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qingyi Jia ◽

Maria E. Morgan-Bathke ◽

Michael D. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Adipocyte Size ◽

Tissue Macrophage ◽

Adipose Tissue Macrophage

Adipose tissue inflammation, as defined by macrophage accumulation, is proposed to cause insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Because the strength of this relationship for humans is unclear, we tested whether adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) burden is correlated with these health indicators. Using immunohistochemistry, we measured abdominal subcutaneous CD68+ (total ATM), CD14+ (proinflammatory/M1), and CD206+ (anti-inflammatory/M2) ATM in 97 volunteers (BMI 20–38 kg/m2, in addition to body composition, adipocyte size, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, ADIPO-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance measured by palmitate, plasma lipids, TNF, and IL-6 concentrations. There were several significant univariate correlations between metabolic parameters to IL-6 and ATM per 100 adipocytes, but not ATM per gram tissue; adipocyte size was a confounding variable. We used matching strategies and multivariate regression analyses to investigate the relationships between ATM and inflammatory/metabolic parameters independent of adipocyte size. Matching approaches revealed that the groups discordant for CD206 but concordant for adipocyte size had significantly different fasting insulin and IL-6 concentrations. However, groups discordant for adipocyte size but concordent for ATM differeded in that visceral fat, plasma triglyceride, glucose, and TNF concentrations were greater in those with large adipocytes. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that indexes of insulin resistance and fasting triglycerides were predicted by body composition; the predictive value of ATM per 100 adipocytes or per gram tissue was variable between males and females. We conclude that the relationship between ATM burden and metabolic/inflammatory variables is confounded by adipocyte size/body composition and that ATM do not predict insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, or dyslipidemia. ATM may primarily play a role in tissue remodeling rather than in metabolic pathology.

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Body Composition, Serum Concentrations of Androgens and Insulin Resistance in Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 732 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Maria Polak ◽

Agnieszka Adamska ◽

Anna Krentowska ◽

Agnieszka Łebkowska ◽

Justyna Hryniewicka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Composition ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

G Ratio

Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia observed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with metabolic disturbances and could be connected with body composition pattern. To date, several studies defining the parameters of body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method in the group of PCOS patients have been published, however, without the analysis in different phenotypes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between serum androgens concentration, insulin resistance and distribution of fat mass using DXA method in various PCOS phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria. We examined 146 women: 34 (38%) had PCOS phenotype A, 20 (23%) phenotype B, 20 (23%) phenotype C and 15 (16%) phenotype D (with mean age of each phenotype 25 years), and 57 control subjects (mean age of 25.5 years). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were assessed and free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. In phenotypes A, B and C, we observed higher FAI in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). Serum concentrations of androstenedione and DHEA-S were higher in phenotypes A and C in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). However, only in phenotype A we found higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and android/gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). In phenotype A, we observed connection of VAT with FAI (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Accordingly, A/G ratio was related with FAI in all phenotypes (all p < 0.05). Additionally, in phenotype C, A/G ratio was related to serum concentrations of DHEA-S and androstenedione (r = 0.46, p = 0.03; r = 0.53, p = 0.01, respectively). We also found connections of HOMA-IR with VAT and A/G ratio in all phenotypes (all p < 0.05). Women with phenotype A had higher amount of VAT and A/G ratio in comparison to the control group. Serum concentration of androgens and insulin resistance are connected with VAT and A/G ratio in normoandrogenic and hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes.

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Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822014000100010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Amanda Oliva Gobato ◽

Ana Carolina J. Vasques ◽

Mariana Porto Zambon ◽

Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho ◽

Gabriel Hessel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Composition ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cutoff Point ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 79 adolescents aged ten to 18 years old. The assessed body composition indicators were: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Cook et al. The insulin resistance was determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index for values above 3.16. The analysis of ROC curves was used to assess the BMI and the abdominal circumference, aiming to identify the subjects with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The cutoff point corresponded to the percentage above the reference value used to diagnose obesity. Results: The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 45.5% of the patients and insulin resistance, in 29.1%. Insulin resistance showed association with HDL-cholesterol (p=0.032) and with metabolic syndrome (p=0.006). All body composition indicators were correlated with insulin resistance (p<0.01). In relation to the cutoff point evaluation, the values of 23.5 and 36.3% above the BMI reference point allowed the identification of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The best cutoff point for abdominal circumference to identify insulin resistance was 40%. Conclusions: All body composition indicators, HDL-cholesterol and metabolic syndrome showed correlation with insulin resistance. The BMI was the most effective anthropometric indicator to identify insulin resistance.

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