scholarly journals Prediabetes is not all about obesity: association between plasma leptin and prediabetes in lean rural Chinese adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoying Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel ◽  
Shanchun Zhang ◽  
Binyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Design And Methods

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations of plasma leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes in relatively lean, rural Chinese men and women.Design and methodsThis study included 574 subjects aged 21–45 years from a community-based twin cohort. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured by sandwich immunoassays using flowmetric xMAP technology. Prediabetes was defined based on fasting plasma glucose and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate gender-specific associations of leptin with IR measures and prediabetes, adjusting for intra-twin correlation, measures of adiposity, and other pertinent covariates.ResultsThe body mass index is 22.3±2.7 kg/m2 in men and 22.5±2.7 kg/m2 in women. Leptin levels were positively associated with IR. Individuals with higher tertiles of leptin also had increased risk of prediabetes with odds ratios (OR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–5.1) and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1–8.7) in men; OR of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.6–2.1) and 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.2) in women for second and third tertile respectively. These associations were attenuated after further adjusting for adiposity measurements only in men. The leptin–prediabetes associations disappeared after adjusting for the homeostatic model assessment of IR in both genders.ConclusionIn this sample of relatively lean rural Chinese adults, plasma leptin levels were associated with IR and prediabetes in a dose–response fashion, which were not totally explained by adiposity. Our data emphasize that prediabetes is not all about obesity, and leptin may be an additional biomarker for screening individuals at high risk for prediabetes in this population.

Insulin resistance in children with familial hyperlipidemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semiha Terlemez ◽  
Erkin Bozdemir ◽  
Sema Kalkan Uçar ◽  
Ceyda Kabaroğlu ◽  
Sara Habif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Familial Hyperlipidemia

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is insulin resistance in children with familial hyperlipidemia (FHL) and to determine the factors affecting insulin resistance. Methods Hyperlipidemic children aged between 4 and 18 years and followed up with an FHL diagnosis were included in the study. The children of adults followed up with an FHL diagnosis were also recruited after the screening period. The scanned children were divided into two groups as hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic. A total of 77 patients of whom 52 were hyperlipidemic and 25 were normolipidemic were assessed in the study. Insulin resistance was evaluated (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) by performing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results Of the patients, 36 were male and 41 were female; the average age was 11.6±3.9 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was established to be 20.3±4.4. In hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic patients, the following were determined: fasting insulin: 10.6 (±0.89) μU/mL, 4.9 (±0.45) μU/mL (p=0.000); 2-h insulin: 28.7 (±12.7) μU/mL, 18.9 (±10.5) μU/mL (p=0.000); and HOMA-IR: 1.9 (±0.17), 0.86 (±0.7) (p=0.000). No relationship was identified between lipid profiles and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, there was a positive correlation between insulin resistance and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels (0.52), and a negative correlation was determined in carnitine levels (−0.64). Conclusions Insulin resistance was established to be higher in children with FHL compared to normolipidemic children. Insulin resistance was not related to lipid phenotypes, but to Apo B levels and carnitine levels. Insulin resistance should be a routine method of evaluation in the follow-up of children with FHL.

scholarly journals Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Maratou ◽  
Dimitrios J Hadjidakis ◽  
Anastasios Kollias ◽  
Katerina Tsegka ◽  
Melpomeni Peppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveAlthough clinical hypothyroidism (HO) is associated with insulin resistance, there is no information on insulin action in subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO).Design and methodsTo investigate this, we assessed the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulin both in vivo (by an oral glucose tolerance test) and in vitro (by measuring insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes with flow cytometry) in 21 euthyroid subjects (EU), 12 patients with HO, and 13 patients with SHO.ResultsAll three groups had comparable plasma glucose levels, with the HO and SHO having higher plasma insulin than the EU (P<0.05). Homeostasis model assessment index was increased in HO (1.97±0.22) and SHO (1.99±0.13) versus EU (1.27±0.16, P<0.05), while Matsuda index was decreased in HO (3.89±0.36) and SHO (4.26±0.48) versus EU (7.76±0.87, P<0.001), suggesting insulin resistance in both fasting and post-glucose state. At 100 μU/ml insulin: i) GLUT4 levels on the monocyte plasma membrane were decreased in both HO (215±19 mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) and SHO (218±24 MFI) versus EU (270±25 MFI, P=0.03 and 0.04 respectively), and ii) glucose transport rates in monocytes from HO (481±30 MFI) and SHO (462±19 MFI) were decreased versus EU (571±15 MFI, P=0.04 and 0.004 respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with HO and SHO: i) insulin resistance was comparable; ii) insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes were decreased due to impaired translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters on the plasma membrane; iii) these findings could justify the increased risk for insulin resistance-associated disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, observed in patients with HO or SHO.

scholarly journals Association between Serum Mg2+ Concentrations and Cardiovascular Organ Damage in a Cohort of Adult Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elettra Mancuso ◽  
Maria Perticone ◽  
Rosangela Spiga ◽  
Carolina Averta ◽  
Mariangela Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk

Magnesium (Mg2+) levels are associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We evaluated the clinical utility of physiological Mg2+ in assessing subclinical cardiovascular organ damage including increased carotid artery intima- media thickness (c-IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in a cohort of well-characterized adult non-diabetic individuals. Age- and gender-adjusted correlations between Mg2+ and metabolic parameters showed that Mg2+ circulating levels were correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and 2h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose. Similarly, Mg2+ levels were significantly and negatively related to c-IMT and LVMI. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.440; p < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.225; p < 0.0001), and Mg2+ concentration (β = −0.122; p < 0.01) were independently associated with c-IMT. Age (β = 0.244; p = 0.012), Mg2+ (β = −0.177; p = 0.019), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.184; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with LVMI in women, while age (β = 0.211; p = 0.019), Mg2+ (β = −0.171; p = 0.038) and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = −0.211; p = 0.041) were the sole variables associated with LVMI in men. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that the assessment of Mg2+ as part of the initial work-up might help unravel the presence of subclinical organ damage in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Significance and role of homeostatic model assessment in the evaluation of glucose regulation mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Stanislava Nikolic ◽  
Nikola Curic ◽  
Romana Mijovic ◽  
Branislava Ilincic ◽  
Damir Benc
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Introduction. Mathematical formulas, such as homeostatic model assessment indexes, proved to be useful for the estimation of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, numerous published results point to a considerable variability of their reference values. The aim of this study was to use homeostatic model assessment indexes and evaluate levels of insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients. Material and Methods. The study included 486 individuals (mean age 36.84 ? 12.86; 17% of males and 83% of females). Blood sampling was performed in order to determine glucose and insulin plasma levels, at the 0th and 120th minute of the oral glucose tolerance test. The indexes were calculated by the use of homeostatic model assessment 2 calculator, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, and homeostatic model assessment of ?-cells function. The results were statistically analyzed using a Data Analysis programme. Results. In the examined population, the average glycemic values of the oral glucose tolerance test were within the euglycemic scope (Gluc 0 = 4.76 ? 0.45 mmol/L; Gluc 120 = 5.24 ? 1.17 mmol/L), while the average values of calculated homeostatic model assessment indexes were: insulin resistance - 1.41 ? 0.82; ?-cells function - 131.54 ? 49.41%, and insulin sensitivity - 91.94 ? 47.32%. According to study cut-off values, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was less than 2. We found 84 (17.28%) individuals with increased insulin resistance. Also, we set the lowest reference value for homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity at less than 50%. With the probability of 66.67% (x? ? 1SD), basal insulin level under 11.9 mIU/L can be considered to correspond to physiologic level of insulin resistance. Conclusion. The follow-up of increased insulin resistance and altered secretion of pancreatic ?-cells, at early stages of glucose regulation disturbances, may be useful in assessing dynamics and level of glucose regulation disturbances and their appropriate treatment. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1708202E">10.2298/MPNS1708202E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals Somatostatin Analogs and Glucose Metabolism in Acromegaly: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Interventional Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Cozzolino ◽  
Tiziana Feola ◽  
Ilaria Simonelli ◽  
Giulia Puliani ◽  
Carlotta Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Plasma Insulin ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) effectively control growth hormone secretion in first- and second-line treatment of acromegaly. Their effect on glucose metabolism is still debated. Objective To address the following questions: (1) Do SSAs affect fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose load (glucose levels after 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-I), homeostatic model assessment of pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β), triglycerides, weight, or body mass index? (2) Do lanreotide and octreotide affect metabolism differently? (3) Does their effect depend on disease control? Design We performed a meta-analysis of prospective interventional trials treating acromegaly with SSAs. Inclusion criteria: all studies reporting glycometabolic outcomes before and after SSAs with a minimum 6-month follow-up. Results The inclusion criteria were met by 47 studies treating 1297 subjects (631 females). SSA treatment effectively lowered fasting plasma insulin [effect size (ES), −6.67 mU/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), −8.38 to −4.95 mU/L; P &lt; 0.001], HOMA-I (ES, −1.57; CI, −2.42 to −0.72; P &lt; 0.001), HOMA-β (ES, −47.45; CI, −73.15 to −21.76; P &lt; 0.001), and triglycerides (ES, −0.37 mmol/L; CI, −0.47 to −0.27 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.001). SSAs worsened glucose levels after a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (ES, 0.59 mmol/L; CI, 0.05 to 1.13 mmol/L; P = 0.032), but not FPG. A mild but significant increase in HbA1c (ES, 0.12%; CI, 0.00% to 0.25%; P = 0.044) was found in subjects treated with octreotide. Conclusions SSA treatment in acromegaly patients, while improving disease control, reduces insulin levels, increases after-load glucose, and, ultimately, increases HbA1c levels without affecting FPG. The findings suggest that clinicians treating acromegaly with SSAs should consider targeting postprandial glucose.

scholarly journals The relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum antithrombin 3 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Jian-bin Su ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Dong-mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Antithrombin 3 (AT3) is a physiological inhibitor of thrombin, and serum AT3 activity was found to be decreased at the status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was presented with an increased risk of thrombotic complications at the background of impaired insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity indices and serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2D who consented to participate in the study at the Endocrinology Department of Affiliated 2 Hospital of Nantong University from January 2015 to June 2018. All patients received serum AT3 activity test and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Basal and systemic insulin sensitivity were assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda index (ISIMatsuda), respectively, from the OGTT. And other relevant clinical data were also collected. Results: Total 1612 patients with T2D were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 58.67±13.09 years and a median diabetes duration of 6 years (interquartile range, 1–10 years). Across ascending quartiles of serum AT3, HOMA-IR progressively decreased, while ISIMatsuda progressively increased (all p for trend <0.001). Moreover, serum AT3 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r= –0.189, p<0.001) and positively correlated with ISIMatsuda (r=0.221, p<0.001). After adjusting for other metabolic risk factors, hemostatic parameters and glucose-lowering therapies by multivariate liner regression analysis, HOMA-IR (β= −0.185, t= −5.960, p<0.001) and ISIMatsuda (β= 0.197, t=6.632, p<0.001) remained independently associated with the serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D, respectively. Conclusions: Reduced basal and systemic insulin sensitivity are associated with decreased serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D.

Carbohydrate-lipid profile and use of metformin with micronized fenofibrate in reducing metabolic consequences of craniopharyngioma treatment in children: single institution experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aleksandra Kalina ◽  
Marta Wilczek ◽  
Barbara Kalina-Faska ◽  
Eliza Skała-Zamorowska ◽  
Marek Mandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Micronized Fenofibrate ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

AbstractTo evaluate auxology and metabolic disturbances in children with craniopharyngioma, and to present observational results of treatment of metabolic sequels with metformin and micronized fenofibrate.The studied group comprised 22 children [median age at diagnosis 10.5 (0.17–16.75) years; median follow-up 5.1 years]. Assessment included height standard deviations (SDS), body mass index (BMI) SDS, concentrations of lipids, glucose and insulin (fasting or oral glucose tolerance test) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Ten adolescents with hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia received therapy with metformin (500–1500 mg/daily) and micronized fenofibrate (160 mg/daily).At diagnosis, median hSDS was –1.66 (range: –4.08; +0.1). Nine (40.9%) children were growth hormone-treated. There was gradual increase of BMI SDS, 18 (81.8%) patients being overweight at the final assessment. Dyslipidaemia was found in 19 patients (86.4%), hyperinsulinaemia in 11 patients (50%) and elevated HOMA-IR in 15 patients (68.2%). Decrease of triglycerides [median 263.5 (171–362) mg/dL vs. 154 (102–183) mg/dL] and HOMA-IR [8.64 (5.08–12.65) vs. 4.68 (0.7–7.9)] was significant in the group treated with metformin and fenofibrate for 6 months.Significant auxologic changes and metabolic abnormalities were found in children treated for craniopharyngioma. The use of metformin and fenofibrate seemed to attenuate these disturbances in a short-term observation.

Improvement on Lipid Metabolic Disorder by 3′-Deoxyadenosine in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Fatty Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (06) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Jing Niu ◽  
Rong-Ya Tao ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jin-Ying Tian ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Metabolic Disorder

This study explores the effects of 3′-deoxyadenosine, a compound from Cordyceps militaris, on lipid metabolic disorder induced by a high-fat-diet in C57BL/6 mice. These mice had an obese body, lipid metabolic disorder and insulin resistance and were treated orally with 100 mg/kg/day 3′-deoxyadenosine (DA), 15 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone and 150 mg/kg/day fenofibrate, respectively. Compared to the model mice, the body weight gain in DA-treated mice were decreased by 66.5%, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were decreased by 20.7% and 16.7%, respectively, and the triglyceride content in the skeletal muscle was reduced by 41.2%. This treatment also had a significant effect on insulin resistance. In DA-treated mice, the serum insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index were decreased by 30% and 46%, respectively, and the areas under the glucose-time curve were depressed by 18% in the insulin tolerance test and by 21.5% in the oral glucose tolerance test. Finally, the value of glucose infusion rates and insulin induced-glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle in the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test were increased by 18% and 41%, respectively, compared to those in the model mice. This data suggests that the effects of DA on lipid metabolic disorder induced by a high-fat-diet may be linked to its improvement on insulin resistance, especially concerning the increase of insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Relation between osteocalcin and the energy metabolism in obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Stanislava Nikolic ◽  
Nikola Curic ◽  
Branislava Ilincic ◽  
Zoran Stosic ◽  
Dragana Tomic-Naglic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background/Aim. Numerous findings have indicated the potential relation between the osteocalcin, the traditional parameter of bone turnover and the regulation of energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between osteocalcin and calculated indexes, which evaluate insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and/or secretory capacity of the pancreas, in non-diabetic, obese subjects. Methods. The study included 57 (11 men and 46 women) euglycemic, obese patients (the body mass index ? BMI : 41.03 ? 6.61 kg/m?) and 48 healthy individuals, age and sex matched (BMI : 23.15 ? 2.04 kg/m?). Plasma glucose and the insulin levels during the two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were determined in order to calculate the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-B%), EISI (estimated insulin sensitivity index), EFP (estimated first phase) and ESP (estimated second phase). Osteocalcin was measured by using the Electro-chemiluminescence (ECLIA) methodology. Results. Statistically lower osteocalcin was found in the obese subjects (24.72 ? 9.80 vs 33.31 ? 10.89 ng/mL; p < 0.01). ?here was a statistically significant positive correlation between osteocalcin and EISI (r = 0.340; p < 0.01). The inverse correlations were found between the osteocalcin and HOMA-IR (r = -0.276; p < 0.01), HOMA-B% (r = -0.337; p < 0.01), EFP (r = -0.332; p < 0.01) and ESP (r = -0.266; p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that the BMI and osteocalcin have a significant inverse prediction with the EISI and HOMA-IR, but the level of prediction of the BMI was substantially higher. Conclusion. The effect of osteocalcin in the glycoregulation is evident, but its contribution is significantly smaller in relation to other obesity associated factors. Therefore, when assessing its position and the role in glycemic control it is always necessary to bear in mind that osteocalcin represents only one of the many contributing factors, some of which exhibit dominant influence than osteocalcin itself.

Subclinical hypothyroidism does not influence the metabolic and hormonal profile of women with PCOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eftihios Trakakis ◽  
Vasilios Pergialiotis ◽  
Erifili Hatziagelaki ◽  
Periklis Panagopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Salloum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is present in 5%–10% of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. To date, its impact on the metabolic and hormonal profile of those women remains controversial. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of SCH on the glycemic, lipid and hormonal profile of PCOS patients.Materials and methodsWe conducted a prospective case control study of patients that attended the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology of our hospital.ResultsOverall, 280 women with PCOS were enrolled during a time period of 7 years (2009–2015). Twenty-one patients (7.5%) suffered from SCH. The anthropometric characteristics were comparable among women with PCOS and those with SCH + PCOS. The prevalence of acne, hirsutism and anovulation did not differ. Significant differences were observed in the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (p = 0.003 for glucose and p = 0.046 for insulin). The QUICKI, Matsuda and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices where, however, similar. No difference in serum lipids was observed. Slightly elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were noted. The remaining hormonal parameters remained similar among groups. Similarly, the ovarian volume and the endometrial thickness did not differ.ConclusionsThe impact of SCH on the metabolic and hormonal profile of PCOS patients seems to be negligible. Future studies are needed in the field and their conduct in a multi-institutional basis seems to be required, given the small prevalence of SCH among women with PCOS.

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