scholarly journals The effect of surgical treatment on secondary hyperaldosteronism and relative hyperinsulinemia in primary hyperparathyroidism

1998 ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kovacs ◽  
MI Goth ◽  
I Szabolcs ◽  
O Dohan ◽  
A Ferencz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Parathyroid Tumor ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the renin-aldosterone system and insulin secretion in hyperparathyroidism and their effects on blood pressure regulation. DESIGN: Studies were carried out on patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) prior to and following removal of the parathyroid tumor. METHODS: Sixteen normotensive and euglycemic patients with PHPT were studied. The following parameters were measured: basal and stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (ALD) secretion: parathormone (PTH) and serum electrolytes. Insulin and glucose levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Systolic but not diastolic blood pressure showed a decrease following surgery, from 123.3+/-13.0/80+/-8.6 to 116.7+/-13.5/77.3+/-8.8 mmHg. The decrease in the systolic pressure was not clinically significant. After surgery, both the basal and stimulated PRA and ALD values decreased, and the preoperative pathological values returned to normal: PRA basal: 1.79 --> 0.70 ng/ml/h, P=0.0049; PRA stimulated: 7.76 --> 1.90 ng/ml/h, P=0.0031; ALD basal: 111.5 --> 73.0 pg/ml, P=0.0258; ALD stimulated: 392.5 --> 236.0 pg/ml, P=0.0157. The postoperative decrease in the PRA correlated with the changes in PTH levels (r=0.5442, P < 0.05, n=16) but did not correlate with the changes in serum calcium concentrations. Both the fasting and stimulated insulin levels decreased after surgery but remained within the normal range: insulin fasting: 10.2 --> 5.0 mIU/l, P=0.0218; insulin area under the curve: 5555 --> 3296 mIU/l*min, P=0.0218. There was no correlation between the changes in insulin levels and PTH or ion levels. Sodium, potassium and blood glucose levels remained unaffected by parathyroid surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In a population of normotensive hyperparathyroid patients an increased activity of the renin-aldosterone system related to PTH was found and surgery resulted in a small and insignificant decrease in blood pressure. This change was accompanied by a significant decrease in the activity of the renin-aldosterone system indicating the role of the renin-aldosterone system in the regulation of blood pressure in PHPT. Both fasting and stimulated insulin values decreased following removal of the parathyroid tumor, but with no individual correlation with PTH and calcium levels.

Lack of effect of oral glucose loading on conduit vessel endothelial function in healthy subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris SIAFARIKAS ◽  
Katie WATTS ◽  
Petra BEYE ◽  
Timothy W. JONES ◽  
Elizabeth A. DAVIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of an oral glucose load on circulating insulin and glucose levels and arterial function in healthy non-diabetic subjects. Thirty-nine non-obese, healthy subjects (24 female, 15 male), aged 21.0±1.8 years of age, were randomly assigned to undergo either an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test; 75 g of glucose) or administration of a placebo. Analyses of lipids, liver function and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) at baseline revealed results which were within the standard reference range. Insulin and glucose levels as well as vascular function [FMD (flow-mediated dilation)] were measured at 0, 60 and 120 min. Compared with baseline, the control subjects did not exhibit any significant changes in glucose or insulin levels, whereas, in the OGTT group, blood glucose levels at both 60 (5.4±1.7 mmol/l) and 120 (5.0±1.1 mmol/l) min increased significantly relative to baseline (4.1±0.4 mmol/l; both P<0.001) and, similarly, insulin levels were higher at both 60 (30.1±21.3 m-units/l) and 120 (34.9±23.6 m-units/l) min compared with baseline (4.7±4.3 m-units/l; both P<0.001). Although blood glucose and insulin levels changed, FMD did not significantly differ between time-points or between groups. In summary, despite significantly elevated glucose and insulin concentrations in these subjects, we observed no change in vascular function, suggesting that acute elevations of glucose and insulin within the clinically normal range are not associated with impaired vascular function in vivo.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolomics to Identify and Stratify Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6357-6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wildberg ◽  
Annette Masuch ◽  
Kathrin Budde ◽  
Gabi Kastenmüller ◽  
Anna Artati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objective Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is one of the presymptomatic states of type 2 diabetes mellitus and requires an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis. Our aims were twofold: (i) characterize signatures of small molecules predicting the OGTT response and (ii) identify metabolic subgroups of participants with IGT. Methods Plasma samples from 827 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania free of diabetes were measured using mass spectrometry and proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Linear regression analyses were used to screen for metabolites significantly associated with the OGTT response after 2 hours, adjusting for baseline glucose and insulin levels as well as important confounders. A signature predictive for IGT was established using regularized logistic regression. All cases with IGT (N = 159) were selected and subjected to unsupervised clustering using a k-means approach. Results and Conclusion In total, 99 metabolites and 22 lipoprotein measures were significantly associated with either 2-hour glucose or 2-hour insulin levels. Those comprised variations in baseline concentrations of branched-chain amino ketoacids, acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, or phosphatidylcholines, largely confirming previous studies. By the use of these metabolites, subjects with IGT segregated into two distinct groups. Our IGT prediction model combining both clinical and metabolomics traits achieved an area under the curve of 0.84, slightly improving the prediction based on established clinical measures. The present metabolomics approach revealed molecular signatures associated directly to the response of the OGTT and to IGT in line with previous studies. However, clustering of subjects with IGT revealed distinct metabolic signatures of otherwise similar individuals, pointing toward the possibility of metabolomics for patient stratification.

scholarly journals Postprandial plasma adiponectin decreases after glucose and high fat meal and is independently associated with postprandial triacylglycerols but not with − 11388 promoter polymorphism

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rubin ◽  
Ulf Helwig ◽  
Michael Nothnagel ◽  
Nina Lemke ◽  
Stefan Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

Adiponectin is discussed to regulate energy balance and insulin sensitivity. Several studies indicated an association of fasting adiponectin with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. We investigated postprandial adiponectin release and its relation to traits of the metabolic syndrome. Serum adiponectin concentration after an oral glucose tolerance test and after ingestion of a standardised mixed, fat-containing meal in 110 male non-diabetic subjects was assessed. Fasting and postprandial adiponectin and the decrease of adiponectin were correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Subjects were genotyped for adiponectin − 11 388 G/A promoter single nucleotide polymorphism. Adiponectin slightly decreased after both test meals. A significant decrease was attained 5 and 6 h after the lipid load and 2 h after the glucose load. Particularly, the mixed meal postprandial adiponectin showed stronger correlations with most traits of the metabolic syndrome than fasting adiponectin: postprandial adiponectin with HDL (r 0·30) v. fasting adiponectin with HDL (r 0·23); with postprandial insulin (area under the curve): r − 0·20 v. r − 0·16; with fasting insulin: r 0·10 v. r 0·14; with BMI: r − 0·23 v. r − 0·20; with waist: r − 0·18 v. − 0·16; with systolic blood pressure: r − 0·14 v. r − 0·12; with diastolic blood pressure: r − 0·18 v. r − 0·15. In multivariate analysis, postprandial TAG were the only independent predictor of adiponectin. There was no significant association of adiponectin, NEFA and TAG with − 11 388 G/A adiponectin promoter polymorphism. Our findings favour the interpretation that postprandial adiponectin has the strongest and independent associations to postprandial TAG metabolism.

scholarly journals Strong and Bitter Vegetables from Traditional Cultivars and Cropping Methods Improve the Health Status of Type 2 Diabetics: A Randomized Control Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Anne Cathrine Thorup ◽  
Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen ◽  
Ulla Kidmose ◽  
Max Norman Tandrup Lambert ◽  
Lars Porskjær Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Root Vegetables

Vegetables rich in bitter-tasting phytochemicals may exert enhanced beneficial effects against key factors associated with type two diabetes (T2D). This study investigates whether selected cultivars of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) Brassica and root vegetables exert greater health benefits on T2D patients compared to equivalent modern mild and sweet tasting (MST) vegetables. A 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study involved 92 T2D patients, who were allocated three different diets: (1) 500 g daily of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) vegetables; (2) 500 g daily of mild and sweet-tasting (MST) vegetables; (3) 120 g daily MST normal diet (control). Both vegetable diets contained root vegetables and cabbages selected based on sensory differences and content of phytochemicals. Prior to and after the study, all participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 24 h blood pressure measurements, DEXA scans, and fasted blood samples. Both diets high in vegetables significantly reduced the participants’ BMI, total body fat mass, and HbA1c levels compared to control, but in the BST group, significant differences were also found regarding incremental area under the curve glucose 240 min (OGTT) and fasting glucose levels. A high daily intake of root vegetables and cabbages showed significant health improvements in both vegetable groups. BST vegetables had the greatest impact on insulin sensitivity, body fat mass, and blood pressure compared to control; moreover, they further improved glycemic control compared to MST vegetables.

scholarly journals No difference in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise in children with and without impaired glucose tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Chu ◽  
Katherine M. Morrison ◽  
Michael C. Riddell ◽  
Sandeep Raha ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels

The capacity to match carbohydrate (CHO) utilization with availability is impaired in insulin-resistant, obese adults at rest. Understanding exogenous carbohydrate (CHOexo) oxidation during exercise and its association to insulin resistance (IR) is important, especially in children at risk for type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the oxidative efficiency of CHOexo during exercise in obese children with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Children attended two visits and were identified as NGT ( n = 22) or IGT ( n = 12) based on 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose levels of <7.8 mmol/l or ≥7.8 mmol/l, respectively. Anthropometry, body composition, and aerobic fitness (V̇o2max) were assessed. Insulin and glucose at baseline, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min during the OGTT were used to calculate measures of insulin sensitivity. On a separate day, a 13C-enriched CHO drink was ingested before exercise (3 × 20 min bouts) at 45% V̇o2max. Breath measurements were collected to calculate CHOexo oxidative efficiency. CHOexo oxidative efficiency during exercise was similar in IGT (17.0 ± 3.6%) compared with NGT (17.1 ± 4.4%) ( P = 0.90) despite lower whole body insulin sensitivity in IGT at rest ( P = 0.02). Area under the curve for insulin (AUCins) measured at rest during the OGTT was greater in IGT compared with NGT ( P = 0.04). The ability of skeletal muscle to utilize CHOexo was not impaired during exercise in children with IGT.

scholarly journals Improving Glucose Homeostasis after Parathyroidectomy for Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Co-Existing Prediabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Spyridon Karras ◽  
Cedric Annweiler ◽  
Dimitris Kiortsis ◽  
Ioannis Koutelidakis ◽  
Kalliopi Kotsa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

We have previously described increased fasting plasma glucose levels in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) and co-existing prediabetes, compared to prediabetes per se. This study evaluated the effect of parathyroidectomy (PTx) (Group A), versus conservative follow-up (Group B), in a small cohort of patients with co-existing NPHPT and prediabetes. Sixteen patients were categorized in each group. Glycemic parameters (levels of fasting glucose (fGlu), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin (fIns)), the homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin secretion (HOMA-B) and resistance (HOMA-IR), and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated at baseline and after 32 weeks for both groups. Measurements at baseline were not significantly different between Groups A and B, respectively: fGlu (119.4 ± 2.8 vs. 118.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL, p = 0.451), HbA1c (5.84 ± 0.3 %vs. 5.86 ± 0.4%, p = 0.411), HOMA-IR (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2, p = 0.213), HOMA-B (112.9 ± 31.8 vs. 116.9 ± 21.0%, p = 0.312), fIns (11.0 ± 2.3 vs. 12.8 ± 1.4 μIU/mL, p = 0.731), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations (163.2 ± 3.2 vs. 167.2 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.371). fGlu levels demonstrated a positive correlation with PTH concentrations for both groups (Group A, rho = 0.374, p = 0.005, and Group B, rho = 0.359, p = 0.008). At the end of follow-up, Group A demonstrated significant improvements after PTx compared to the baseline: fGlu ((119.4 ± 2.8 vs. 111.2 ± 1.9 mg/dL, p = 0.021) (−8.2 ± 0.6 mg/dL)), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations ((163.2 ± 3.2 vs. 144.4 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.041), (−18.8 ± 0.3 mg/dL)). For Group B, results demonstrated non-significant differences: fGlu ((118.2 ± 1.8 vs. 117.6 ± 2.3 mg/dL, p = 0.031), (−0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL)), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations ((167.2 ± 2.7 vs. 176.2 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.781), (+9.0 ± 0.8 mg/dL)). We conclude that PTx for individuals with NPHPT and prediabetes may improve their glucose homeostasis when compared with conservative follow-up, after 8 months of follow-up.

scholarly journals Effects of Overexpression of Neurosecretory Protein GL-Precursor Gene on Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4681
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fukumura ◽  
Yuki Narimatsu ◽  
Shogo Moriwaki ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Megumi Furumitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increase Food Intake

A high-fat diet (HFD) quickly induces obesity with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. We previously reported that a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), stimulates feeding and fat accumulation in mice. However, the effects of NPGL on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis remain unknown. Hence, we subjected NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl)-overexpressing mice to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) under normal chow (NC) and HFD conditions. Npgl overexpression promoted body mass gain and tended to increase food intake of NC-fed mice, whereas it had little effect on HFD-fed mice. The OGTT showed elevated blood glucose and insulin levels in Npgl-overexpressing NC-fed mice 15 min after glucose administration. Both the OGTT and IPITT demonstrated that Npgl overexpression decreased blood glucose levels in HFD-fed mice 60 min after glucose and insulin treatments. Notably, Npgl overexpression increased adipose tissue masses only in NC-fed mice, and it decreased blood glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed mice at the experimental end point. It also increased the mRNA expression of galanin, one of the feeding and metabolic regulatory neuropeptides, in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice. Therefore, NPGL may alleviate HFD-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice.

scholarly journals Effects of 16-Week Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee on Glucose Metabolism in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Ohnaka ◽  
Mizuko Ikeda ◽  
Takako Maki ◽  
Tomoko Okada ◽  
Takao Shimazoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee

Objective. Observational studies have shown a protective association between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas caffeine or caffeinated coffee acutely deteriorates glucose tolerance. We investigated the effects of chronic drinking of instant coffee on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.Methods. Overweight men with a mild-to-moderate elevation of fasting plasma glucose were randomly allocated to a 16-week intervention of consuming 5 cups of caffeinated (n=17) or decaffeinated (n=15) instant coffee per day or no coffee (n=13).Results. The caffeinated coffee group showed statistically significant decreases in the 2-hour concentrations and the area under the curve of glucose while neither decaffeinated coffee nor coffee group showed such a change. Waist circumstance decreased in the caffeinated coffee group, increased in the decaffeinated coffee group, and did not change in the noncoffee group (P=0.002). With adjustment for the change in waist circumference, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption were associated with a modest decrease in the postload glucose levels.Conclusion. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may be protective against deterioration of glucose tolerance.

Oral administration of dahi containing probioticLactobacillus acidophilusandLactobacillus caseidelayed the progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariom Yadav ◽  
Shalini Jain ◽  
Pushpalata Ravindra Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

In this study, the effect of dahi containing probioticLactobacillus acidophilusNCDC14 andLactobacillus caseiNCDC19 (∼73×108 cfu/g) on progression of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats (15 g/day/rat) for 28 days was investigated. Feeding of probiotic dahi significantly suppressed the incremental peaks and area under the curve and delayed reduction of insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test more than skim milk or control dahi. The feeding of milk products reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P<0·05). Moreover, probiotic dahi significantly suppressed STZ-induced oxidative damage in pancreatic tissues by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation and formation of nitric oxide, and preserving antioxidant pool such as glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The results suggest that the supplementation of probioticLb. acidophilusandLb. caseiwith dahi cultures increased the efficacy of dahi to suppress STZ-induced diabetes in rats by inhibiting depletion of insulin as well as preserving diabetic dyslipidemia, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and nitrite formation. This may empower antioxidant system of β-cells and may slow down the reduction of insulin and elevation of blood glucose levels.

Relation between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Hepatic Enzyme Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bruckert ◽  
A Ankri ◽  
P Glral ◽  
G Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a key determinant of the fibrinolytic capacity. Its activity correlates with most of the characteristic features of insulin resistance syndrome, i. e. obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia.We measured plasma PAI-1 antigen levels in 131 asymptomatic men (aged 44.2 ± 11 years) who had been referred for hyperlipidemia. Those taking medication and those with a secondary hyperlipidemia were excluded.We confirmed the correlation between PAI-1 levels and the following variables: body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, and blood glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. We also found a significant and independent correlation between PAI-1 and the concentration of the hepatic enzymes glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Mild liver abnormalities (presumably steatosis) may thus be one of the factors accounting for high plasma PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic patients.

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