scholarly journals Uterine and placental distribution of selected extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the dog

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix R Graubner ◽  
Alois Boos ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
Ibrahim Kücükaslan ◽  
Mariusz P Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Structural Functions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Post Implantation

For many years, modifications of the uterine extracellular matrix (ECM) during gestation have not been considered as critical for successful canine (Canis lupus familiaris) pregnancy. However, previous reports indicated an effect of free-floating blastocysts on the composition of the uterine ECM. Here, the expression of selected genes involved in structural functions, cell-to-cell communication and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases were targeted utilizing qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that canine free-floating embryos affect gene expression ofFN1,ECM1andTIMP4. This seems to be associated with modulation of trophoblast invasion, and proliferative and adhesive functions of the uterus. Although not modulated at the beginning of pregnancy, the decrease of structural ECM components (i.e.COL1,-3,-4andLAMA2) from pre-implantation toward post-implantation at placentation sites appears to be associated with softening of the tissue in preparation for trophoblast invasion. The further decrease of these components at placentation sites at the time of prepartum luteolysis seems to be associated with preparation for the release of fetal membranes. Reflecting a high degree of communication, intercellular cell adhesion molecules are induced following placentation (Cx26) or increase gradually toward prepartum luteolysis (Cx43). The spatio-temporal expression of TIMPs suggests their active involvement in modulating fetal invasiveness, and together withECM1, they appear to protect deeper endometrial structures from trophoblast invasion. With this, the dog appears to be an interesting model for investigating placental functions in other species, e.g. in humans in whichPlacenta accretaappears to share several similarities with canine subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS). In summary, the canine uterine ECM is only moderately modified in early pregnancy, but undergoes vigorous reorganization processes in the uterus and placenta following implantation.

scholarly journals Functional implications of the utero-placental relaxin (RLN) system in the dog throughout pregnancy and at term

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nowak ◽  
Aykut Gram ◽  
Alois Boos ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
Serhan S Ay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Connective Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Post Implantation

Relaxin (RLN) is a key hormone of pregnancy in mammals best known for its involvement in connective tissue remodeling. In the domestic dog, placental RLN is the only known endocrine marker of pregnancy. However, knowledge is sparse regarding the spatio-temporal expression of RLN and its receptors (RXFP1 and RXFP2) in the canine uterus and placenta. Here, their expression was investigated in the pre-implantation uterus and utero-placental compartments (UtPl) at selected time points during gestation: post-implantation, mid-gestation, and at normal and antigestagen-induced luteolysis/abortion. Immunohistochemistry with newly generated, canine-specific antisera,in situhybridization and semi-quantitative PCR were applied. In compartmentalization studies, placental and endometrialRLNincreased continuously toward prepartum. The placentalRXFP1was time-related and highest during post-implantation and decreased together withRXFP2at prepartum luteolysis. The endometrial levels of both receptors did not vary greatly, but myometrialRXFP2decreased from mid-gestation to prepartum luteolysis. Antigestagen treatment resulted in suppression ofRLNin UtPl and decreasedRXFP1andRXFP2in the uterus. The placental RLN was localized mainly in the cytotrophoblast. Additionally, RXFP1 stained strongly in placental endothelial cells while RXFP2 was found mainly in maternal decidual cells. Uterine staining for all targets was found in epithelial cellular constituents and in myometrium. Finally, besides its endocrine functions, RLN seems to be involved in auto-/paracrine regulation of utero-placental functions in dogs in a time-dependent manner. New insights into feto-maternal communication was provided, in particular regarding the localization of RXFP2 in the maternal decidual cells, implying functional roles of RLN during the decidualization process.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal expression of Prospero is finely tuned to allow the correct development and function of the nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster

2007 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Guenin ◽  
Yaël Grosjean ◽  
Stéphane Fraichard ◽  
Angel Acebes ◽  
Fawzia Baba-Aissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Analogs of Eap Protein Are Conserved and Prevalent in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Hussain ◽  
Karsten Becker ◽  
Christof von Eiff ◽  
Georg Peters ◽  
Mathias Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Translation Termination ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecules ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Early Translation ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Map and Eap are secreted Staphylococcus aureus proteins that interact with various extracellular matrix molecules. PCR analysis using map primers yielded positive reactions in 97.9% of S. aureus isolates but not in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Cloning and sequencing of the conferring genes revealed a high degree of overall homology combined with size variability of the gene product due to various repeat numbers and early translation termination in a poly(A) region. Thus, Map and Eap may provide a potential novel tool forS. aureus identification and typing.

scholarly journals Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Features of Chicken CDS2 Splicing Variants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Shuping Zhang ◽  
Yujun Guo ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Yanqun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The CDS gene encodes the CDP-diacylglycerol synthase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid. At present, there are no reports of CDS2 in birds. Here, we identified chicken CDS2 transcripts by combining conventional RT- PCR amplification, 5' RACE (Fig. 1A), and 3' RACE, explored the spatio-temporal expression profiles of total CDS2 and the longest transcript variant CDS2-4, and investigated the effect of exogenous insulin on total the mRNA level of CDS2 by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Four transcripts of chicken CDS2 (CDS2-1, -2, -3, and -4) were identified, which were alternatively spliced at the 3′-untranslated region (UTR). CDS2 was widely expressed in all tissues examined and the longest variant CDS2-4 was the major transcript. Both total CDS2 and CDS2-4 were prominently expressed in adipose tissue and the heart, and exhibited low expression in the liver and pectoralis of 49 day-old chickens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that total CDS2 and CDS2-4 had different spatio-temporal expression patterns in chicken. Total CDS2 exhibited a similar temporal expression tendency with a high level in the later period of incubation (embryonic day 19 [E19] or 1-day-old) in the brain, liver, and pectoralis. While CDS2-4 presented a distinct temporal expression pattern in these tissues, CDS2-4 levels peaked at 21 days in the brain and pectoralis, while liver CDS2-4 mRNA levels were highest at the early stage of hatching (E10). Total CDS2 (P < 0.001) and CDS2-4 (P = 0.0090) mRNA levels in the liver were differentially regulated throughout development of the chicken. Exogenous insulin significantly downregulated the level of total CDS2 at 240 min in the pectoralis of Silky chickens (P < 0.01). Total CDS2 levels in the liver of Silky chickens were higher than that of the broiler in the basal state and after insulin stimulation. Conclusion: Chicken CDS2 has multiple transcripts with variation at the 3′-UTR, which was prominently expressed in adipose tissue. Total CDS2 and CDS2-4 presented distinct spatio-temporal expression patterns, and they were differentially regulated with age in liver. Insulin could regulate chicken CDS2 levels in a breed- and tissue-specific manner.

scholarly journals Precancerous niche (PCN), a product of fibrosis with remodeling by incessant chronic inflammation

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn L.D.M. Brücher ◽  
Ijaz S. Jamall
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Signaling ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Fibroblasts are actively involved in the creation of the stroma and the extracellular matrix which are important for cell adhesion, cell–cell communication, and tissue metabolism. The role of fibrosis in carcinogenesis can be examined by analogy to tissues of various cancers. The orchestration of letters in the interplay of manifold components with signaling and crosstalk is incompletely understood but available evidence suggests a hitherto underappreciated role for fibrosis in carcinogenesis. Complex signaling and crosstalk by pathogenic stimuli evoke persistent subclinical inflammation, which in turn, results in a cascade of different cell types, ubiquitous proteins and their corresponding enzymes, cytokine releases, and multiple signaling pathways promoting the onset of fibrosis. There is considerable evidence that the body's attempt to resolve such a modified extracellular environment leads to further disruption of homeostasis and the genesis of the precancerous niche as part of the six-step process that describes carcinogenesis. The precancerous niche is formed and can be understood to develop as a result of (1) pathogenic stimulus, (2) chronic inflammation, and (3) fibrosis with alterations of the extracellular matrix, stromal rigidity, and mechano-transduction. This is why carcinogenesis is not just a process of aberrant cell growth with damaged genetic material but the role of the PCN in its entirety reveals how carcinogenesis can occur without invoking the need for somatic mutations.

scholarly journals Selected Uterine Immune Events Associated With the Establishment of Pregnancy in the Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Tavares Pereira ◽  
Renata Nowaczyk ◽  
Rita Payan-Carreira ◽  
Sonia Miranda ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Tnf Receptors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Signals ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Implantation Period

In the dog, implantation takes place at approximately 17 days of embryonal life and, while exposed to relatively high circulating progesterone concentrations, embryos presence is required for the formation of decidua. Furthermore, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in conceptus-maternal communication is crucial for the onset of pregnancy. Strikingly, the understanding of such immune mechanisms in canine reproduction is still elusive. Here, canine uterine samples from pre-implantation (day 10–12, E+) and corresponding non-pregnant controls (E–), implantation (day 17, Imp) and post-implantation (day 18–25, Post-Imp) stages of pregnancy were used to investigate the expression and localization of several immune-related factors. The most important findings indicate increased availability of CD4, MHCII, NCR1, IDO1, AIF1, CD25, CCR7, and IL6 in response to embryo presence (E+), while FoxP3 and CCL3 were more abundant in E– samples. Implantation was characterized by upregulated levels of FoxP3, IL12a, ENG, and CDH1, whereas CD4, CCR7, IL8, and -10 were less represented. Following implantation, decreased transcript levels of TNFR1, MHCII, NCR1, TLR4, CD206, FoxP3, and IL12a were observed concomitantly with the highest expression of IL6 and IL1β. MHCII, CD86, CD206, CD163, TNFα, IDO1, and AIF1 were immunolocalized in macrophages, CD4 and Nkp46 in lymphocytes, and some signals of IDO1, AIF1, and TNF-receptors could also be identified in endothelial cells and/or uterine glands. Cumulatively, new insights regarding uterine immunity in the peri-implantation period are provided, with apparent moderated pro-inflammatory signals prevailing during pre-implantation, while implantation and early trophoblast invasion appear to be associated with immunomodulatory and rather anti-inflammatory conditions.

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