scholarly journals Metformin attenuates steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles of the broiler breeder hen

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-672
Author(s):  
Evelyn A Weaver ◽  
Ramesh Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Chicken Ovary ◽  
Dose Dependent

The follicular hierarchy in broiler breeder chicken ovary is often deranged due to excessive ovarian follicular recruitment, resulting in a condition that resembles polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Metformin is widely prescribed to correct PCOS and has been shown to affect granulosa cell functions in humans and rodent models. The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of metformin on signal transduction pathways, gene expression related to steroidogenesis, and progesterone secretion from granulosa cells isolated from the most recently recruited preovulatory and prehierarchical follicles of broiler breeder chickens. Granulosa cells were treated with 0, 1, 10, or 20 mM of metformin in the presence of FSH. The abundance of pAMPK, pACC, pERK, and pAkt was determined by Western blotting. The expression of genes related to progesterone biosynthesis was quantified by qPCR. Progesterone concentrations in culture media were quantified by ELISA. Metformin treatment did not have an effect on the abundance of pAMPK and pACC in prehierarchical follicles but significantly decreased the abundance of pERK and pAkt in a dose-dependent manner in preovulatory and prehierarchical follicles. The expression of genes related to steroidogenesis such as FSHR, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, and progesterone secretion was significantly decreased in response to metformin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest that metformin treatment attenuates progesterone secretion via AMPK-independent pathways in granulosa cells of prehierarchical and preovulatory follicles of broiler breeder hens. Further studies are required to determine if metformin administration could ameliorate ovarian dysfunction in obese broiler breeder hens.

scholarly journals Ad Libitum Feeding in Broiler Breeder Hens Alters the Transcriptome of Granulosa Cells of Pre-Hierarchal Follicles

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2706
Author(s):  
Laurie Francoeur ◽  
Claire S. Stephens ◽  
Patricia A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Intense selective breeding of chickens has resulted in suboptimal egg production in broiler breeder hens. This reproductive phenotype is exacerbated by ad libitum feeding, which leads to excessive and disorganized follicular growth. One strategy used to improve broiler breeder hens’ reproductive efficiency is restricted feeding. In this study, we sought to identify transcriptional changes, which translate the level of dietary intake into increased follicle selection. Broiler breeder hens (n = 16 per group) were raised according to commercial guidelines until 28 weeks of age and then randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet (FF) or continued on a restricted diet (RF) for 6 weeks. Following dietary treatment, FF hens (n = 2) with excessive follicle selection and RF hens (n = 3) with normal follicle selection were selected for RNA-sequencing. Transcriptomes of granulosa cells from 6–8-mm follicles were sequenced to identify transcriptional differences in the follicle population from which selection was made for the preovulatory stage. Differential expression analysis identified several genes known to play a role in follicle development (CYP11A1, STAR, INHA, and INHBB) that are upregulated in FF hens. These changes in gene expression suggest earlier granulosa cell differentiation and steroidogenic competency in the granulosa layer from FF hens.

scholarly journals Progesterone secretion by luteinizing human granulosa cells: a possible cAMP-dependent but PKA-independent mechanism involved in its regulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Chin ◽  
D R E Abayasekara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Human Granulosa Cells ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Dose Dependent

The corpus luteum formed after luteinization of follicular cells secretes progesterone under the control of luteinizing hormone (LH). Binding of LH to its G-protein-coupled receptor leads to the activation of the adenylate cyclase/ cyclic AMP (cAMP)/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signalling pathway. The identification of a new class of cAMP-binding proteins termed ‘guanine nucleotide exchange factors’ (cAMP-GEFs) provides a means by which changes in cAMP could yield actions that are independent of PKA. Hence, in this study, we have explored the hypothesis that steroidogenesis in luteinizing cells is mediated in both a cAMP/PKA-dependent and cAMP-dependent, but PKA-independent, manner. Human granulosa cells were isolated from follicular aspirates of women undergoing assisted conception. Luteinizing human granulosa cells were cultured for up to 3 days in the presence of human (h)LH and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin in the added presence or absence of increasing doses of the PKA inhibitors H89 (N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl] 5-isoquinoline) and PKI (myristoylated protein kinase A inhibitor amide 14–22) or the cAMP antagonist, Rp-cAMP. Agonist-stimulated progesterone secretion was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the PKA inhibitors and the cAMP antagonist, with decreasing sensitivity as luteinization progressed. Pretreatment of granulosa cells for 4 h with human (h)LH reduced the effectiveness of H89 in inhibiting progester-one secretion. Under basal conditions, cAMP-GEFI expression increased progressively throughout culture, and this could be further enhanced when cells were incubated with increasing doses of LH and forskolin. Furthermore, incubation of cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of the novel cAMP-GEF-specific cAMP analogue, 8 CPT-2 ME-cAMP (8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2′-0-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate), increased progesterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The results show that increases in cAMP generated by LH and forskolin, in addition to activating PKA, also induce increases in cAMP-GEFI protein expression in luteinizing human granulosa cells. In addition, activation of cAMP-GEFI results in increased progesterone secretion. Hence, increases in cAMP lead to the activation of PKA-dependent, as well as PKA-independent but cAMP-dependent (via cAMP-GEFI), signalling mechanisms. Since cAMP-GEFs have the capacity to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signalling pathways, these may provide the potential mechanisms by which cAMP-dependent but PKA-independent progesterone synthesis is regulated.

scholarly journals Effect of large dietary doses of ß-carotene on plasma retinoid AND ß-carotene levels and ON progesterone production in the granulosa cells of Japanese quail

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Ágota ◽  
L. Bárdos ◽  
A. Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Group Group

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of large-dose (-carotene supplementation on blood retinoid and (-carotene levels as well as on the progesterone secretion of the granulosa cells in Japanese quail. Laying quails were assigned to three dietary groups. The control group (Group C) received the basal diet (laying feed containing 9000 IU vitamin A/kg). In the treated groups (Groups BC1 and BC2) the basal diet was supplemented with 102and 103mg/kg (-carotene (BC), respectively. At the end of the two-week feeding period, 10 birds from each group were euthanised. Blood samples were analysed for retinol, retinyl palmitate and (-carotene concentrations. Granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles (F1and F2), and PMSG-inducedin vitroprogesterone (P4) secretion was measured. Similar retinol concentrations were found in both (-carotene supplemented groups, indicating saturation of the retinol-transporting system. (-carotene supplementation was accompanied by hypercarotenaemia, but did not increase the retinyl palmitate levels in the blood. PMSG-induced P4production of the granulosa cells decreased significantly in Groups BC1 and BC2 in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Changes in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and progesterone secretion in luteinizing human granulosa cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Chin ◽  
T E Harris ◽  
D R E Abayasekara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Human Granulosa Cells ◽  
Camp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent

Luteinization of follicular granulosa cells leads to an increase in progesterone secretion that is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). LH acts mainly by elevating intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In this study, we have examined the role of PKA in relation to progesterone output by luteinizing human granulosa cells. Human granulosa cells were obtained by percoll gradient centrifugation of follicular aspirates of patients undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted conception. Cells were cultured in serum-supplemented medium for up to 3 days in the presence and/or absence of human (h)LH and other cAMP-elevating agents. Spent medium was assayed for cAMP and progesterone content by specific RIA. Cell lysates were collected and assessed for PKA regulatory (R)IIα/catalytic (C)α expression by Western blotting. Although basal progesterone secretion increased progressively throughout culture, cAMP levels remained unchanged. Under basal conditions, PKA RIIα/Cα expression appeared to increase throughout the 3-day culture period. In the presence of hLH and other cAMP-elevating agents, progesterone secretion increased in a dose-dependent manner coincident with an increase in cAMP. However, despite the increase in both progesterone secretion and cAMP accumulation, there was a dose-dependent decrease in both PKA RIIα and Cα expression. Thus, data presented in this study show that increases in progesterone secretion in luteinizing human granulosa cells can be dissociated from increases in PKA expression. This notion implies that progesterone secretion may be regulated by PKA-dependent as well as PKA-independent mechanisms.

Optimal in-feed amino acid ratio for broiler breeder hens based on deletion studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. P. Dorigam ◽  
N. K. Sakomura ◽  
M. F. Sarcinelli ◽  
C. A. Gonçalves ◽  
M. B. de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens

scholarly journals Modelling the egg components and laying patterns of broiler breeder hens

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara T. Ferreira ◽  
Nilva K. Sakomura ◽  
Juliano César de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Robert M. Gous
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens

There is scant information about the reproductive process in broiler breeders, with which to develop a feeding strategy that will be economically optimal for these birds. This study aimed to model the egg production of a flock of broiler breeder hens, using non-isometric equations. The number of eggs produced by 60 broiler breeder hens aged 24–60 weeks was monitored, as was the weight of these eggs and the weights of the components, yolk, albumen and shell. Oviposition sequences and the number and length of pauses between sequences were analysed. Non-isometric functions were applied to predict the weight of the egg; yolk weight was predicted from the age of the hen, while albumen and shell weights were predicted from yolk weight; and egg weight was obtained by summing the component weights. The incidence of soft-shelled and double-yolk eggs was also determined. Yolk weight (YW, g) can be described as YW = 18.03 × (1 – e–0.015 × (t – 103.4)) × e(0.001 × t), where t is the age of the bird (days). The weights of albumen (AW) and shell (SW) were based on YW predictions as follows: AW = 14.38 × YW0.375 and SW = 0.358 × (YW + AW)0.687. The rate of double-yolk egg (DY) production is described by DY = 2.28 × e(0.209 × TFE), and the rate of soft-shelled egg (SS) production by SS = 1.126 + 0.148/(1 – 0.024 × TFE) – 0.056 × TFE, as a function of time from first egg (TFE). On the basis of the results obtained, the model developed here is an accurate reflection of the changes that occur in the number of eggs produced by broiler breeders, as well as in the egg itself and in its components over the entire laying period. This model can thus be used in predicting the nutrient requirements of individual broiler breeder hens, which, when combined with simulated data from a large number of individuals, will accurately describe the laying performance of a flock of broiler breeders.

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotrophin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Gong ◽  
D McBride ◽  
T A Bramley ◽  
R Webb
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Serum Free Conditions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Bovine Somatotrophin ◽  
Cells Cultured

Abstract Our previous studies have demonstrated that physiological concentrations of metabolic hormones, including recombinant bovine somatotrophin (BST), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin, can significantly stimulate the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions. In this study we investigated the effects of these factors on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis using the same culture system. Bovine granulosa cells were obtained from antral follicles classified into three size classes: small, <5 mm; medium-sized, 5–10 mm and large, >10 mm in diameter. Whilst not affecting steroidogenesis by granulosa cells from small and medium-sized follicles, BST (10–1000 ng/ml) stimulated the secretion of both oestradiol and progesterone by granulosa cells from large follicles in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin (1–1000 ng/ml) and IGF-I (10–1000 ng/ml) stimulated the secretion of oestradiol and progesterone by granulosa cells from all three size categories of follicles in a dose-dependent manner. FSH (200 ng/ml) alone increased progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from all three size classes of follicles, but had no effect on oestradiol secretion by granulosa cells. Both IGF-I (200 ng/ml) and insulin (30 ng/ml) acted in synergy with FSH (200 ng/ml) to stimulate steroidogenesis by granulosa cells from all three size categories of follicles, but no such interaction was observed between BST (50 ng/ml) and FSH (200 ng/ml). In conclusion, BST, IGF-I and insulin significantly influence the steroidogenic activity of bovine granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions. However, unlike their effects on cell proliferation, the minimal effective concentrations of these factors required to stimulate granulosa cell steroidogenesis were higher than those observed in our previous studies in vivo. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 157–164

scholarly journals Performance of Broiler Breeder Hens on Wire and Litter Floors

1984 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. HARMS ◽  
S.M. BOOTWALLA ◽  
H.R. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens
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