scholarly journals Adipokines as biomarkers of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Bexiga ◽  
João Chagas e Silva ◽  
Elisabete Silva ◽  
Christelle Ramé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cellular Pellet

Adipokines emerged as regulators of metabolism and inflammation in several scenarios. This study evaluated the relationship between adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin and visfatin) and cytological (subclinical) endometritis, by comparing healthy (without), transient (recovered by 45 days postpartum (DPP)) and persistent (until 45 DPP) endometritis cows (n = 49). Cows with persistent endometritis had higher adiponectin concentrations in plasma (at 21 DPP, P < 0.05 and at 45 DPP, P < 0.01) and in uterine fluid (at 45 DPP, P < 0.001), and higher chemerin concentrations in plasma (P < 0.05) and uterine fluid (P < 0.01) at 45 DPP than healthy cows. Cows with persistent endometritis had higher gene transcription in the cellular pellet of uterine fluid and protein expression in the endometrium of these adipokines and their receptors than healthy cows. Adiponectin plasma concentrations allowed to discriminate healthy from persistent endometritis cows, in 87% (21 DPP) and 98% (45 DPP) of cases, and adiponectin and chemerin uterine fluid concentrations at 45 DPP allowed for this discrimination in 100% of cases. Cows with concentrations above the cutoff were a minimum of 3.5 (plasma 21 DPP), 20.4 (plasma 45 DPP), and 33.3 (uterine fluid 45 DPP) times more at risk of evidencing persistent endometritis at 45 DPP than cows with concentrations below the cutoff. Overall, results indicate a relationship between adipokine signalling and the inflammatory status of the postpartum uterus of dairy cows, evidencing that adipokines represent suitable biomarkers of subclinical endometritis, able to predict the risk of persistence of inflammation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Protein Oxidation Biomarkers and Uterine Health in Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Elisabetta De Luca ◽  
Giovanni Miotto ◽  
Gianni Zin ◽  
Annalisa Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
The Relationship

High neutrophil (PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophil) counts in the endometrium of cows affected by endometritis, suggests the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) among the causes of impaired fertility. Protein oxidation, in particular, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), are OS biomarkers linked to PMN activity. To test this hypothesis, the relationship between protein oxidation and uterus health was studied in thirty-eight dairy cows during the puerperium. The animals were found to be cycling, without any signs of disease and pharmacological treatments. PMN count was performed either through a cytobrush or a uterine horn lavage (UHL). Cows were classified into four groups, based on the uterine ultrasonographic characteristics and the PMN percentage in the uterine horns with a higher percentage of high neutrophil horn (HNH). They were classified as: Healthy (H); Subclinical Endometritis (SCE); Grade 1 Endometritis (EM1); and Grade 2 Endometritis (EM2). AOPP and carbonyls were measured in plasma and UHL. UHL samples underwent Western blot analysis to visualize the carbonyl and dityrosine formation. Plasma AOPP were higher (p < 0.05) in EM2. AOPP and carbonyl group concentrations were higher in the HNH samples (p < 0.05). Protein concentration in the UHL was higher in the EM2 (p < 0.05). Carbonyl and dityrosine formation was more intense in EM1 and EM2. Protein oxidation observed in the EM2 suggests the presence of an inflammatory status in the uterus which, if not adequately hindered, could result in low fertility.

scholarly journals In vivo oocyte developmental competence is reduced in lean but not in obese superovulated dairy cows after intraovarian administration of IGF1

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A Velazquez ◽  
Klaus-Gerd Hadeler ◽  
Doris Herrmann ◽  
Wilfried A Kues ◽  
Susanne Ulbrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Embryo Viability

The present study investigated the role of IGF1 in lactating lean and non-lactating obese dairy cows by injecting 1 μg IGF1 into the ovaries prior to superovulation. This amount of IGF1 has been linked with pregnancy loss in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and was associated with impaired bovine oocyte competence in vitro. Transcript abundance and protein expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and the IGF system were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of IGF1 and leptin, and IGF1 in uterine luminal fluid (ULF), were also measured. IGF1 treatment decreased embryo viability in lean cows to the levels observed in obese cows. Obese cows were not affected by IGF1 treatment and showed elevated levels of IGF1 (in both plasma and ULF) and leptin. Blastocysts from lean cows treated with IGF1 showed a higher abundance of SLC2A1 and IGFBP3 transcripts. IGF1 treatment reduced protein expression of tumor protein 53 in blastocysts of lean cows, whereas the opposite was observed in obese cows. IGF1 in plasma and ULF was correlated only in the control groups. Blastocyst transcript abundance of IGF1 receptor and IGFBP3 correlated positively with IGF1 concentrations in both plasma and ULF in lean cows. The detrimental microenvironment created by IGF1 injection in lean cows and the lack of effect in obese cows resemble to a certain extent the situation observed in PCOS patients, where IGF1 bioavailability is increased in normal-weight women but reduced in obese women, suggesting that this bovine model could be useful for studying IGF1 involvement in PCOS.

scholarly journals The relationship between endometrial cytology during estrous cycle and cutoff points for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in grazing dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 4333-4339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Madoz ◽  
M.J. Giuliodori ◽  
M. Jaureguiberry ◽  
J. Plöntzke ◽  
M. Drillich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

scholarly journals Effects of a Duodenal Glucose Infusion on the Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Glucose and Insulin in Dairy Cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2854-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lemosquet ◽  
N. Rideau ◽  
H. Rulquin ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
J. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
The Relationship

MiR-493 Induces Cytotoxic Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells through Regulation on PHLPP2

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Deng ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Liangliang Zheng ◽  
Suping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Autophagy Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Inhibition

Background: MiR-493 promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer (PC) cells by targeting PHLPP2. We aimed to explore the relationship between miR-493 and autophagy in PC. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA levels and protein expression of miR-493, PHLPP2, autophagy gene BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells. The autophagy gene expression was determined after PC cells transfected with miR-493 precursor or PHLPP2 precursor. Corresponding changes of autophagy phenotype and PC cell function were also studied. Results: The mRNA levels and protein expression of miR-493, PHLPP2, BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells were significantly decreased in PC cells. Overexpression of miR-493 or PHLPP2 markedly upregulated the expression levels of BECN1 and ATG7 in PC cells. Overexpression of miR-493 and PHLPP2 markedly promoted autophagy, and inhibited the invasion and cloning formation of PC cells. Conclusion: MiR-493 is a potent inducer of cytotoxic autophagy that leads to prostate cancer inhibition by regulating on PHLPP2.

The Democratic Costs of Constitutionalization— The European Case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the democratic costs of constitutionalization by focusing on the European case. It first considers the interdependence of democracy and constitutionalism before discussing how constitutionalization can put democracy at risk. It then explores the tension between democracy and fundamental rights, the constitutionalization of the European treaties, and the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ) two separate judgments regarding the relationship between European law and national law. It also assesses the impact of the ECJ’s jurisprudence on democracy, especially in the area of economic integration. The chapter argues that the legitimacy problem the EU faces is caused in part by over-constitutionalization and that the remedy to this problem is re-politicization of decisions with significant political implications.

scholarly journals Suboptimal plasma concentrations with posaconazole suspension as prophylaxis in critically ill COVID‐19 patients at risk of Covid‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mian ◽  
Ronald J. Trof ◽  
Albertus Beishuizen ◽  
Joost B. Masselink ◽  
Alexander D. Cornet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Patients At Risk

The relationship of lower body strength and functioning with trajectories of stair use frequency over 6 years in adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S283-S284
Author(s):  
J.T. Jakiela ◽  
D. Voinier ◽  
T. Bye ◽  
M. Tukis ◽  
J. Corey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Stair Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

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