scholarly journals Expression of prostaglandin D synthetase during development in the mouse testis

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Baker ◽  
PJ O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Splice Isoforms ◽  
Neonatal Testis

Prostaglandin D synthetase is expressed relatively highly in the testis and reproductive tract of a number of species, including the mouse. In adult mouse testis, expression is confined largely to the Leydig cells and in this study changes in the expression and localization of prostaglandin D synthetase mRNA during testis development were examined. Initial studies using RT-PCR and isolated testicular compartments indicated that prostaglandin D synthetase expression in the neonatal testis was predominantly within the seminiferous tubules. In situ hybridization studies confirmed that prostaglandin D synthetase mRNA appears to be expressed only in the tubules of neonatal mouse testes and only in the interstitial tissue of the adult testis. TaqMan real-time PCR was used to quantify prostaglandin D synthetase mRNA content during development using an exogenous mRNA as a control standard. Expression per testis decreased after birth to < 10% at day 15 before recovering again by days 25-30. After day 30, expression per testis increased 40-fold during final development to adulthood. Studies using RT-PCR showed that early expression before day 15 was restricted to the tubular compartment, whereas the subsequent increase in expression after day 30 was restricted to the interstitial compartment. Database analysis showed that the 3' end of the prostaglandin D synthetase transcript was subject to alternate splicing. Both splice isoforms were shown by RT-PCR to be present throughout development and without a major change in expression pattern. These results indicate that expression of prostaglandin D synthetase mRNA shifts during development from the tubular compartment of the fetal or neonatal testis to the developing adult Leydig cells, with expression in the Leydig cells increasing markedly after puberty. These changes are similar to those observed for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III and may indicate that this developmental process is not uncommon in the testis.

scholarly journals Localization of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/17-Ketosteroid Reductase Isoform Expression in the Developing Mouse Testis—Androstenedione Is the Major Androgen Secreted by Fetal/Neonatal Leydig Cells*

Endocrinology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 2631-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
P. J. Baker ◽  
M. Heikkilä ◽  
S. Vainio ◽  
A. P. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Isoform Expression ◽  
Neonatal Testis ◽  
Type 3

The final step in the biosynthesis of testosterone is reduction of androstenedione by the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/17-ketosteroid reductase (17βHSD/17KSR). In this study, we have examined expression of the four known reductive isoforms of 17βHSD/17KSR (types 1, 3, 5, and 7) in the developing mouse testis and have determined changes in the localization of isoform expression and testosterone secretion during development. Using RT-PCR isoforms 1, 3, and 7 were shown to be expressed in the seminiferous tubules of neonatal testis, whereas isoforms 3 and 7 were expressed in the interstitial tissue of the adult testis. The type 7 isoform is unlikely to be involved in androgen synthesis and further study concentrated on the type 3 isoform. Developmentally, isoform type 3 was expressed in the seminiferous tubules up to day 10, showed little or no expression on day 20 and from day 30 was confined to the interstitial tissue. In situ hybridization confirmed that the type 3 isoform was expressed only in the seminiferous tubules in fetal testes and in the interstitial tissue in adult testes. In accordance with the localization of enzyme messenger RNA expression 17-ketosteroid reductase enzyme activity was very low in isolated interstitial tissue from neonatal testes while interstitial tissue from adult testes showed high activity. Seminiferous tubules from both neonatal and adult testes showed high levels of enzyme activity. The major androgen secreted by the interstitial tissue of prepubertal animals was androstenedione up to day 20 while 5α-androstanediol and/or testosterone were the major androgens secreted from day 30 onwards. These results show that fetal Leydig cells do not express significant levels of a reductive isoform of 17βHSD/17KSR and that androstenedione is the major androgen secreted by these cells. Production of testosterone up until puberty is dependent upon 17βHSD/17KSR activity in the seminiferous tubules—a“ two cell” requirement for testosterone synthesis. Expression of the 17βHSD/17KSR type 3 isoform (the main reductive isoform in the testis) declines in the seminiferous tubules before puberty but then reappears in the developing adult Leydig cell population.

scholarly journals Microscopic Features of Gonadally Inactive Testis of Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Papia Khatun ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Shonkor Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
One Year ◽  
Khaki Campbell Ducks ◽  
First Time

The microscopic features of the testis were studied in gonadally inactive Khaki Campbell duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy & Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Five adult healthy birds of one-year-old were used for this study. The testes were collected immediately after ethical killing of the birds for histological observations. The collected tissue samples were then processed and stained with Hematoxylene & Eosin (H & E) stain for histological observations. The seminiferous tubules showed considerable involution with cessation of spermatogenesis. The basal lamina of the seminiferous tubules was irregular in outline and was invaginated into the germinal epithelium in the form of finger-like plicae or folds. Most of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules was empty and all generation of germ cells were not present in most of the seminifeous tubules. The interstitium showed a relative increase in volume and interstitial tissue consisted of loose connective tissue, interstitial cells (Leydig cells), few connective cells and blood vessels. This study first time described the microscopic features of testis of Khaki Campbell ducks in Bangladesh during inactive phases of the reproductive cycle.

Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of a histone H1 variant from the mouse testis

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
B.K. Rasheed ◽  
E.C. Whisenant ◽  
R.D. Ghai ◽  
V.E. Papaioannou ◽  
Y.M. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Early Primary

An H1 histone variant, H1a, has been isolated and purified from the mouse testis. Biochemical and amino acid analyses indicate its similarity with the rat testis H1a. Specific antibodies against the purified H1a have been generated in rabbits and used to study its tissue and species distribution using protein blotting procedures. We have also used the immunocytochemical technique to determine in situ distribution of H1a in spermatogenic cells and somatic tissues of the mouse. A non-random distribution of H1a has been noted in the nuclei of certain somatic cell types such as Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and neurons. By contrast, hepatocyte nuclei lacked detectable levels of H1a. In adult seminiferous tubules, the early primary spermatocyte nuclei displayed a greater level of immunoreactivity relative to other cell types. Developmental studies indicate its initial expression in the 7-day-old mouse testis concomitant with the appearance of intermediate and type B spermatogonia.

Intragonadal regulation of immune system functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Hedger ◽  
JX Qin ◽  
DM Robertson ◽  
Kretser DM de
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adult Rat

Immune responses within the mammalian gonads, and in particular the testis, are deficient in spite of adequate lymphatic drainage and the presence of lymphocytes and MHC II+ macrophages. There is considerable evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies that this 'suppression' of the immune system may be due, at least in part, to localized inhibition or regulation of normal lymphocyte and/or macrophage functions within the gonads. In the testis, both steroidal and non-steroidal products of the Leydig cells, including androgens, endorphins, and inhibin-related proteins, have been implicated in mediating this activity. In turn, a number of immune cell cytokines affect steroidogenic cell function in vitro. The studies described in this paper indicated that [3H]-thymidine incorporation by adult rat thymocytes in vitro was inhibited by conditioned medium collected from short-term incubations of Percoll-purified adult rat Leydig cells, but stimulated by testicular interstitial fluid and by conditioned medium collected from short-term incubations of adult rat seminiferous tubules. The factors responsible for these effects on thymocyte function appeared to be of large molecular weight, as they were retained by ultrafiltration membranes with exclusion limits of 10,000 or 30,000 daltons. It is hypothesized that an 'immunosuppressive' mechanism, principally mediated by non-steroidal factors secreted by the steroidogenic cells of the gonadal interstitial tissue, exists within the gonads in order to prevent activation of the immune system by germ cell antigens and growth factors associated with germ cell proliferation and differentiation. This mechanism probably acts in parallel with normal antigen-specific tolerance mechanisms operating at the gonadal level. As immune responses to germ cells are believed to be a significant causative factor in infertility, particularly in men, this represents an important area for further study.

scholarly journals Differential expression of glucose transporter GLUT8 during mouse spermatogenesis

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gómez ◽  
Amparo Romero ◽  
José Terrado ◽  
José E Mesonero
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fuel Supply

GLUT8 is a facilitative glucose transporter expressed at high levels in the testis. In this study, we analyzed the GLUT8 expression in mouse testis during spermatogenesis by RT–PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods. Our results show that GLUT8 expression is limited to spermatids and spermatozoa in the testis. Expression begins when round spermatids are formed at postnatal day 24. The expression persists throughout spermiogenesis, and it is also detected in spermatozoa, but it is absent in more immature germ cells, Sertoli cells and interstitial tissue. GLUT8 immunoreactivity is always restricted to the acrosomic system in a manner that matches the acrosome system formation. The GLUT8 expression is mainly associated with the acrosomic membrane in the acrosome, although significant immunoreactivity is also found inside the acrosomic lumen. The specific GLUT8 location suggests that this transporter plays a pivotal role in the fuel supply of spermatozoa, and in the traffic of sugars during the capacitation and fertilization processes.

scholarly journals Effect of immunological castration of male pigs on morphological and functional con-dition of the testicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
V. V. Samoilіuk ◽  
M. S. Koziy ◽  
D. D. Bilyi ◽  
S. M. Maslikov ◽  
Т. L. Spitsina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Immunological Castration

Changes in the priorities of the treatment of animals in the conditions of intense technology of production of livestock products are based on the necessity of wellbeing of animals. Therefore, there is a need of search for and broad introduction of generally accepted alternatives to surgery, which would use modern means of castration, particularly immunocastration. The study presents morpho-functional substantiation of practicability of using immunological castration in the conditions of industrial production of pork. At the same time, we studied immunological castration using Improvak on the morphological and physiological condition of the testicles of male pigs. The testosterone level was determined using radioimmunologic method after 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of immunological and surgical castrations, and also in intact boars of the control group. During the slaughter, we selected biopates of the testicles in immunological castrates and pigs of the control group for histological examination. The testosterone level 2 weeks after castration was the lowest in the animals castrated using Improvak. This indicator gradually increased, and after 8 weeks was higher than in the surgically castrated pigs. In the latter, the level of testosterone gradually decreased for 8 weeks, and did not significantly change in non-castrated pigs. The last stages of spermatogenesis in immunocastrates were inhibited after the second vaccination. As a result of immunological castration, the interstitial tissue of the testicle underwent changes. Between the tubules, a spreading of the loose connective tissue was observed. Leydig cells lost hyper chromaticity of the cytoplasm and typical polygonal profile, and their functional potential decreased. This fact was confirmed by the changes in the Hertwig’s ratio. In particular, we observed decrease in the value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. There were also a time shift of mitotic cycle, low degree of differentiation of spermatogonia and rupture of the course of the subsequent stages of spermatogenesis. However, there occurred multiplication of primary spermatogonia, single cellular divisions, and in the ductus deferentes, there could be found single spermatids. Some of them formed specific cellular groups of rounded and elliptic shapes in the seminiferous tubules. These structures were absent in the testicles of the control animals. Microstructural changes in the swine after injecting Improvak were characterized by deficiency of Leydig cells, indicating absence of the normal hormonal background, as confirmed by the results of the study of testosterone level. The epithelium-spermatogenic layer was underdeveloped, and the lumens of the tubules were in some places filled with generations of spermatocytes. In some places, meiosis was observed, which also indicates insignificant functioning of the testicles. Vaccination with Improvak caused atrophy of the testicles in swine and decrease in their functional condition, allowing it to be recommended it for broader application as an alternative to surgical castration.

scholarly journals Cx30.2 deletion causes imbalances in testicular Cx43, Cx46, and Cx50 and insulin receptors. Reciprocally, diabetes/obesity alters Cx30.2 in mouse testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. R1078-R1090
Author(s):  
R.-Marc Pelletier ◽  
Hamed Layeghkhavidaki ◽  
Nalin M. Kumar ◽  
María Leiza Vitale
Keyword(s):  
High Glucose ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
The Impact

Cx30.2 protein content and localization were assessed during development. An account of Cx30.2, Cx43, Cx46, and Cx50, and insulin receptor (IR) responses to Cx30.2, Cx46, or Cx50 deficiency in mouse interstitial tissue (ITf)- and seminiferous tubule-enriched fractions (STf) is given. The impact of high glucose/insulin on Cx30.2 was investigated in spontaneously diabetic and obese db/db and ob/ob mouse testis and anterior pituitary (AP). Cx30.2 labeled contacts in vascular endothelial and Leydig cells and Sertoli cell junctions in stage V–VII. Cx30.2 expression is regulated differently in the interstitium and tubules. Cx30.2 at 30-kDa levels peaked by 28 days in ITf and by 14 days in STf. In STf, deleting Cx30.2 decreased Cx43 and Cx50, whereas deleting Cx50 downregulated Cx30.2. The opposite occurred in ITf. In STf, deleting Cx30.2 upregulated Cx46 except the full-length reciprocally, deleting Cx46 upregulated Cx30.2. In ITf, Cx30.2 deficiency upregulated full-length and phosphorylated Cx46, whereas deleting Cx46 downregulated 48- to 50-kDa Cx30.2. The db/db and ob/ob mouse ITf, STf, and AP showed imbalanced Cx30.2 levels. IRα levels at 135 kDa declined in Cx30.2−/− and Cx50−/− mouse ITf and Cx46−/− and Cx50−/− STf. IRβ at 98 to 110 kDa dropped in Cx30.2−/− and Cx46−/− mice STf suggesting that Cx30.2 deficiency decreases active IR sites. The results show the connexins interdependence and interaction and that altering a single connexin changes the remaining connexins expression, which can modify gap junction-mediated glucose exchanges in contacting cells. Data suggest that glucose/insulin influences Cx30.2 turnover in testis and AP and, reciprocally, that connexins modulate testis glucose uptake and response to insulin.

Apoptosis Process in Mouse Leydig Cells during Postnatal Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Salles Faria ◽  
Zilá Luz Paulino Simões ◽  
Laurelucia Orive Lunardi ◽  
Klaus Hartfelder
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Puberty Stages ◽  
Apoptosis Process ◽  
Neonatal Testis ◽  
Fetal Stage

The development of Leydig cells in mammals has been widely described as a biphasic pattern with two temporally mature Leydig cell populations, fetal stage followed by the adult generation beginning at puberty. In the present study, mouse Leydig cells were examined for apoptosis during postnatal testis development using electron microscopy and in situ DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase staining (TdT). Both the morphological study and the DNA fragmentation analysis showed that cellular death by apoptosis did not occur in Leydig cells during the neonatal, prepubertal, puberty, and adult periods. From these results, we suggest that the remaining fetal Leydig cells in the neonatal testis are associated with the involution or degeneration processes. In contrast, in the prepubertal and puberty stages, fragmentation of apoptotic DNA was detected in germ cells present in some seminiferous tubules.

EFFECT OF HEAVY MUSCULAR WORK ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE RAT TESTIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Härkönen ◽  
E. Kontinen ◽  
M. Kormano ◽  
M. Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
List Type ◽  
Muscular Work ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Short Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The effect of short- and long-term muscular work on the Leydig cells of the rat was studied. The rats were allowed to run in a rotating wire cylinder for various periods. The amount of stress was evaluated by the involution of the thymus, ulceration of the gastric mucosa, enlargement of adrenal glands and their lipid and catecholamine contents. After a short-term experiment, periods of 16 + 10 hours' running with rest for 10 hours in between, accessory genital organs were slightly involuted 4 to 8 days following the stress. The testes were histologically and histochemically intact. Similar results were obtained after a long-term experiment, comprising continuous daily running for 10 hours over a period of 12 days. In a progressive long-term experiment, viz. daily running until exhaustion for 14 days, temporary degeneration of the Leydig cells occurred: the percentage of interstitial tissue and the size of the nuclei of the Leydig cells diminished and the number of degenerating Leydig cells significantly increased. Oxidative enzyme activity was markedly suppressed. DPN-diaphorase and β-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity were very markedly decreased. The involution of the accessory genital organs was more pronounced than in the two former experiments. All these phenomena reverted to normal within ten days. In every experiment the seminiferous tubules remained histologically normal.

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