The article analyzes the issues of development of grain market in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to summarize the developments on the competitiveness of economic entities in grain industry, aimed at increasing the sustainability of their functioning in modern conditions of market competition. The authors set the following tasks: to analyze theoretical foundations of the essence and specifics of competitive advantages of grain complex, to identify and systematize the factors affecting its sustainable development, to show the main methods and tools for increasing competitiveness, to assess the current state of development of grain-producing enterprises in the republic. On the basis of the conducted studies, a comprehensive methodology for determining the profitability of grain economic structures was proposed, which consists in analyzing the indicators of their production and technological, organizational and managerial, financial and economic potential by creating effective relationships with suppliers, competitors, contact audience, organizing coordinating relations, marketing activities, allowing to identify promising directions for increasing the competitiveness of grain production in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The implementation of the formulated proposals will strengthen the position of Kazakhstani agricultural producers, will contribute to increasing the volume of high quality products, which will allow the republic to win the competition on the world grain market.