scholarly journals Adaptive rank tests for location with generalizaed Lambda distribution scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Jimmy Corzo Salamanca ◽  
Arsenio HIdalgo Troya
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
Generalized Lambda Distribution ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
Kurtosis Parameter

We propose adaptive rank tests for the location alternative in one sample, using as score function the percentile function of the Generalized Lambda Distribution (GLD ). We give expressions for its eciency as functions of the kurtosis parameters of the distribution used for the score function and those of the sampled distribution. A simulation study shows that the proposed tests maintain its nominal size and that this test using scores functions with small kurtosis parameter, are very ecient for samples coming from distributions with large kurtosis, overtaking the sign test and the Wilcoxon test. Reciprocally, tests which use scores from GLD  distributions with large kurtosis are more ecient when the sample comes from GLD  distributions with small kurtosis.  

Pengaruh Self Help Group Terhadap Kemampuan Keluarga Dalam Merawat Klien Skizofrenia Di Poli Jiwa Puskesmas Kalitidu

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Efendi ◽  
Errix Kristian Julianto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Self Help Group

ABSTRAKDiera perkembangan jaman saat ini, beberapa keluarga dihadapkan dengan permasalahna tentang adanya angggota keluarga yeng mengaami gangguan jiwa, tak jarang keluarga tidak mengetahui bagaimana merawat angota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa. Self help group pada keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa perlu dilakukan untuk membantu keluarga mengatasi permasalahannya yang diselesaikan bersama dalam kelompok. Manfaat yang didapatkan pada terapi ini adalah terdapatnya peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga tentang Skizofrenia. Peningkatan pengetahuan ini akan berdampak terhadap kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat klien Skizofrenia..Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre-posttest design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah keluarga penderita Skizofrenia di PKU Jiwa Kalitidu yang berjumlah 32. . Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wolcoxon sign dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi responden sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi dengan self help group pada kemampuan merawat dengan  nilai uji wilcoxon sebesar 0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh dari intervensi self help group dengan merawat keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa. Kata Kunci       : Self Help Group, Kemampuan Merawat, Skizofrenia   ABSTRACT. In the current era of development, some families are faced with problems about family members who suffer from mental disorders, often families do not know how to care for family members with mental disorders. Self help groups for families with mental disorders need to be done to help families overcome the problems that are solved together in a group. The benefit of this therapy is that there is an increase in family knowledge about Schizophrenia. This increase in knowledge will have an impact on the ability of families to care for Schizophrenia clients.The design of this study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre-posttest design. The sample in this study was the families of Schizophrenics in  Kalitidu public helath centre, amounting to 32.. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using the Wolcoxon sign test with a significance level of 0.05.The results showed that the condition of the respondents before and after the intervention with self help group on the ability to care for Wilcoxon test value of 0.001, which means there is an influence of self help group intervention by caring for families with mental disorders. Keywords: Self Help Group, Caring Ability, Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Assessment of Changes in the Hemoglobin Level under the Influence of Comprehensive Spa Therapy Using Therapeutic Radon-Sulfur Waters and Its Correlation with Free Radical Reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Kuciel-Lewandowska ◽  
Michał Kasperczak ◽  
Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Spa Therapy ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Free Radical Reactions ◽  
Spa Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Hemoglobin is a protein present in erythrocytes of higher organisms. Its main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. Hemoglobin contains Fe2+, catalyzes free radical reactions, and may initiate oxidation reactions by enzymatic and nonenzymatic degradation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of balneophysiotherapy on the hemoglobin level in osteoarthritis patients and to try to assess the association of those metabolic changes with free radical reactions. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in Przerzeczyn-Zdrój spa resort. It included patients receiving spa treatment over 21-day sessions. The studied group consisted of n = 122 patients with joint and back pain due to osteoarthritis or disc herniation. Their age ranged between 32 and 67 years with a mean age of 53.5. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after 21 days at the spa. Standard tests were used. The results were statistically analyzed using the sign test and the Wilcoxon test. Results. In the study group, we observed a drop in the hemoglobin level following spa treatment. Before treatment, the mean hemoglobin level was 14.1549 g%, and after treatment, it was 14.0008 g%. Conclusions. (1) In the study, we concluded that balneophysiotherapy in osteoarthritis patients resulted in a decrease in the mean hemoglobin level. (2) The decrease in the mean hemoglobin level in osteoarthritis patients treated at the spa resort may indicate an association with free radical reactions. This trial was registered with NCT03405350.

scholarly journals Retention Loss of Resin Based Fissure Sealants - a Valid Predictor for Clinical Outcome?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Mickenautsch ◽  
Veerasamy Yengopal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Retention Loss ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Valid Predictor ◽  
Sealant Retention

Purpose: The null-hypothesis that retention loss of resin fissure sealants predicts caries manifestation no more accurately than random values was tested. Methods: Systematic reviews were checked and electronic databases searched for clinical trials. Trials reporting on the retention of resin sealants and caries occurrence in permanent molar teeth, with minimum 24-month follow-up period, were included. Extracted data: number of sealed teeth, number of teeth without completely retained sealants, number of sealed teeth with caries. The number of teeth with complete sealant retention and absence of carious lesions/cavities was calculated; the predictive outcomes: true/false positive; false/true negative were established. Random values were generated as control-data. Diagnostic Odds ratios (DOR) were computed and tested for statistical difference. Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were plotted. Results: 95 trials were found. Median DOR values were 1.21 and 0.28 for test- and control data, respectively. Wilcoxon test (z = 0.56; p = 0.58) and Sign test (z = 1.38; p = 0.17) results were statistically non-significant. The null-hypothesis was not rejected. Conclusions: Predictions based on the retention loss of resin sealants, regarding caries manifestation, was no more accurate than random guesses. Sealant retention loss appears not to be a valid predictor for clinical outcome.

scholarly journals VERSATILE TWO-SAMPLE RANK TESTS BASED ON WILCOXON TEST

10.5109/13449 ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Kaoru Fueda ◽  
Katsumasa Ohori
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Rank Tests

scholarly journals Changes in the level of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in response to angioprotective therapy in children with severe birth asphyxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Sergej Ovčarenko ◽  
Viktorija Danilova ◽  
Violeta Kalnicka
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Paired Samples

Objective. The development of clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response significantly expanded the use of this concept in clinical practice. The correlation between the levels of antiinflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines is an important aspect in regulation of systemic inflammatory response. Treatment of systemic inflammatory response includes three main links: effect on the levels of endotoxin, cytokines and the state of endothelium. Currently there is no unified approach to the solution of this problem, which determines the relevance of the topic. The aim of the research was to study the efficacy of the deproteinized hemodialysate from the newborn calf blood in systemic inflammatory response in newborns with severe asphyxia at birth. Methods. The study involved examination of 16 newborns with severe asphyxia at birth, who received a drug as part of standard therapy from the first day of the disease at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. The study implied a follow-up assessment of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 levels. Sign test and Wilcoxon test were used for paired samples; Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests were used for non-paired samples. To investigate the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable we used Kruskal-Wallis and median tests as nonparametric analogs of the variance analysis. Results. Deproteinized hemodialysate derived from the newborn calf blood is a vasoprotector and is a combination of a number of physiologically active ingredients. They stimulate oxygen utilization by tissues in hypoxic conditions, enhancing glucose transport through biological membranes, intensifying intracellular adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and increasing the proportion of aerobic glycolysis. Conclusion. Administration of deproteinized hemodialysate from the newborn calf blood in the treatment of systemic inflammatory response in newborns with severe asphyxia at birth exerts influence on biochemical pattern of systemic inflammatory response by reducing inflammation and reducing synthesis of cytokines.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavity and Intestine of Obese and Eutrophic Children With Early Childhood Caries—Preliminary Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Maria dos Santos Pereira Indiani ◽  
Karina Ferreira Rizzardi ◽  
Camila Lopes Crescente ◽  
Carolina Steiner-Oliveira ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

This brief communication assessed whether there was any relationship between the counts of lactobacilli (LB) and mutans streptococci (MS) in the oral cavity and intestine of obese and eutrophic children with early childhood caries (ECC). Seventy-eight preschoolers were assigned into the following groups: 1. obese children with ECC (OECC), 2. eutrophic children with ECC (EECC), 3. obese caries-free children (OCF), and 4. eutrophic caries-free children (ECF). The diagnosis of obesity and ECC was based on the World Health Organization criteria. Dental plaque and fecal samples were collected to assess the counts of MS and LB using selective media. Data were evaluated by Poisson regression analysis, Wilcoxon test, and Sign test. Microbial indicators of ECC in obese children were MS counts in the intestine [rate ratio (RR): 4.38] and presence of LB in the oral cavity (RR: 2.12). The indicators in eutrophic children were MS levels and the presence of LB, both in the oral cavity (RR: 6.35/1.50) and intestine (RR: 2.35/2.38) (p < 0.05). The comparison between MS levels in the mouth and in the intestine revealed significant differences only in the ECF group (p = 0.04). Regarding LB presence in the mouth vs. in the intestine, except for the OCF group (p = 0.03), no other statistical differences were found. Our preliminary findings highlighted that the levels of MS and the presence of LB in the oral cavity, as well as in the lower gastrointestinal tract were associated with ECC. Moreover, obesity was found to influence this relationship.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antibiotics on Patients Surgery, before and after Used Guidelines for Antibiotics (PPAB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Lisa Narulita ◽  
Riefkah Bilal ◽  
Mohammad Akram ◽  
Suharjono Suharjono
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRAK Sejak    tahun    2011    World   Health    Organisasi   (WHO)   dan    Komite Pengedalian Resisten Antimikroba  (KPRA) sejak 2015, untuk  menetapkan kebijakan penggunaan antibiotik  dengan menyusun formularium dan  Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik (PPAB). Penggunaan antibiotik  berlebihan berkontribusi pada resistensi maka  penelitian ini bertujuan, menganalisis besarnya perbedaan penggunaan antibiotik  pada pasien rawat  inap bedah sebelum digunakan PPAB (Periode  Mei 2018)  dan  setelah  digunakan  PPAB (Periode  Mei 2019)  dengan ATC  / DDD (Defined   Daily  Dose).  Jenis  dan   rancangan  penelitian  adalah deskriptif cross-sectional dengan data retrospektif. Data  yang  diambil  meliputi peresepan antibiotik  di ruang  bedah. Data dianalisis dengan uji tanda (sign test) dan  uji wilcoxon  dengan hasil sign test yang  bertanda negatif sebanyak 9 dan bertanda positif sebanyak 2 dan  uji wilcoxon  menyatakan Sig.(2-tailed 0,062) (α=0,05) artinya   penggunaan  antibiotik   sebelum  dan setelah digunakan PPAB tidak berbeda atau  sama berdasarkan statistik. Tetapi dari  persentasi  penggunaan  antibiotik   terdapat 9  antibiotik   yang penggunaannya  menurun setelah digunakan PPAB  seperti sefoperason 50%, seftriaxon  52%,  sefuroxime  87%,  sepirom  90%,  siproflosasin  17%,  gentamisin 99%, levofloxasin 60%, metronidazol 79% dan  moxifloksasin 86%. Disimpulkan PPAB  perlu ditingkatkan dalam penggunaan antibiotik  di RSUD dr.H.Slamet Martodirdjo dan  penggunaa seftriakson  dapat meningkatkan  multi drug resistant. Dengan  demikian perlu  adanya evaluasi dan  monitoring dalam menerapkan PPAB. Kata kunci: ATC/DDD; Pasien Bedah; PPAB  ABSTRACT Since  2011  the  World Health  Organization (WHO) and  the  National Antimicrobial  Resistant Control  Committee (KPRA) in indonesia since 2015, to establish antibiotic use policies by developing formularies and  Antibiotic  Use Guidelines (PPAB). Excessive use of antibiotics contributing to resistance, this study aims, analyzing the  magnitude of  differences in antibiotic use patients surgery before PPAB (May 2018  period)  and after  PPAB (May 2019  period)  with ATC / DDD (Defined  Daily Dose). Type and  design  of the  study is  descriptive cross-sectional with retrospective. Data  taken  included prescribing antibiotics. Data  were  analyzed by sign test and  Wilcoxon test with 9 negative sign and  2 positive sign results and  Wilcoxon  test stated Sig. (2-tailed 0.062)>  (α = 0.05), meaning that  use of antibiotics before and  after  PPAB is not different or the same based on statistics. But from the percentage of antibiotic 9   decreased  after    PPAB,   such  as   cefoperazone  50%,   cefriaxone   52%, cefuroxime  87%,  cefpirome  90%,  ciprofloxacin  17%,  gentamicin  99%, levofloxacin 60%, metronidazole 79% and  moxifloxacin 86%.  Concluded that PPAB needs to be improved in the use of antibiotics in RSUD dr.H. Islamet Martodirdjo and the use of ceftriaxone can increase multi drug resistant. Thus the need for evaluation and monitoring in implementing PPAB. Keywords:  ATC/DDD; Surgical Patients; PPAB

scholarly journals On zeroes in sign and signed rank tests

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Dey ◽  
Justin Manjourides ◽  
Ronald H Randles
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Methods ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
P Values ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Signed Rank Test

When zeroes (or ties within pairs) occur in data being analyzed with a sign test or a signed rank test, nonparametric methods textbooks and software consistently recommend that the zeroes be deleted and the data analyzed as though zeroes did not exist. This advice is not consistent with the objectives of the majority of applications. In most settings a better approach would be to view the tests as testing hypotheses about a population median. There are relatively simple p-values available that are consistent with this viewpoint of the tests. These methods produce tests with good properties for testing a different (often more appropriate) set of hypotheses than those addressed by tests that delete the zeroes.

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