scholarly journals Wider Worlds of Research for Health Equity: Public Health NGOs as Stakeholders in Open Access Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Holzmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Community Informatics ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Information

This article examines research uses and knowledge stakeholder politics that emerged in an exploratory study of the relevance of open access policies to a spectrum of U.S.-based public health non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study demonstrated the clear relevance to public health NGOs of open access to peer-reviewed articles, as one form of community informatics. Though not always visible to those oriented toward academic knowledge ecosystems, public health NGOs utilize and conduct a wide range of research, both peer-reviewed and otherwise. Hence, findings indicate that public health NGOs should be more fully recognized, by researchers and policymakers in other contexts, as key stakeholders in knowledge, research, and open access ecosystems. These findings contribute to examination of community information seeking and use in the public health field, with an eye to leveraging community informatics on behalf of health equity.

Cancer control planning

2016 ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Massoud Samiei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Cancer Control Plan

Despite all the progress made in cancer research and in the fight against cancer, the disease cannot be completely eradicated in the foreseeable future. A logical public health measure must therefore focus all efforts on preventing and confining the disease, i.e. a systematic and coordinated approach to reduce the impact of cancer on populations. Such an organised approach is called cancer control. It forms part of a holistic and coordinated approach, called a national cancer control plan/ programme (NCCP), involving the public sector, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the private sector. Policy makers and cancer advocacy groups should consider cancer control planning, and its financing and implementation, a public health necessity and not an option. The model proposed here is a hybrid one. The success of cancer control planning depends greatly on the availability and functionality of local cancer data and knowledge, in addition to adequate resources and government commitment.

scholarly journals Civil Non-State Actors in Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding in West Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakarr Bah
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Post War

This paper advances the notion of civil non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Using Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire as cases studies, the paper identifies three kinds of civil non-state actors in war-torn countries: international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based NGOs, and ad hoc community organizations. In addition, it argues that civil non-state actors play a critical problem-solving role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding and complement the role of state actors. The paper examines the role of civil non-state actors through their dialectical affinity with state actors in the peacekeeping and peacebuilding processes. It further expands the notion of non-state actors in peacekeeping and peacebuilding to encompass community-based NGOs and ad hoc community organizations. Moreover, it points to the positive role of civil non-state actors and the wide range of activities they perform, especially in peace mediation and post-war reconstruction.

scholarly journals Food aid in emergencies: a case for wheat?

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Landman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Management Ethics ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pattern Number

As disasters and conflict increase, a higher proportion of total food aid is given as humanitarian aid. Most food aid is in the form of cereals, primarily wheat. The main donors are the USA and the EU, but there is an increase in the numbers of donors, including non-governmental organizations, buying food rather than using surpluses. Alongside the greater diversity and complexity of food aid, there is more controversy about policy and practice. If disasters are development failures, emergency food aid must be a step in the continuum from relief to rehabilitation. Comparisons of the seventeen countries that were major recipients of food aid (> 10 000 t) in 1997, show diversity in social development, dietary pattern, number of refugees, relative food inadequacy and wasting (i.e. % standard weight-for-height > 2 SD). In the absence of information of consistent quality, what influences the scale of emergency aid is unclear and susceptible to politicization, so that need and supply may not be matched. Local considerations seem to be as important as external food aid for the nutrition of the recipients. Challenges for the future include assuring the nutritional quality of rations to solve deficiency problems. The implications for the professional public health nutritionist working on emergency food provision include continuing professional development to enhance the technical expertise necessary to design appropriate feeds or rations. These public health nutritionists, more than others, require a grounding in social science theories that underpin management, ethics of professionalism and the politics of food aid.

scholarly journals Global Health Equity and Advocacy: The roles of international Non-Governmental Organizations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

International health equity and community empowerment are promoted through local and global collaborations with non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). Civil society organizations and inter-agency partnerships assume central roles in addressing global health inequity, within the context of national health and social systems, local realities and priorities. Community health promotion through public-private collaboration by NGO’s on health needs assessments and fund-raising is designed to increase support for local programs in the United States. This paper compares health promotion and advocacy roles of an international non-governmental organization in global and local arenas, based on community case studies by the author in rural Hungary and North Texas from 2009 to 2011, using ethnographic and qualitative research methods. Findings confirm the need for systematic evaluation of the effects of complex socioeconomic, political and multi-ethnic contexts, and the impacts of prevention programs and healthcare on health equity.

Standardizing States of Emergency: Fragmented Legitimacy of Model Public Health Lawmaking

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Arielle W. Tolman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Health Laws

The promulgation of model laws—exemplary statutes that states can voluntarily choose to adopt—is a prominent strategy that reformers in public health agencies, the legal academy, and non governmental organizations use to improve US public health law and make it more uniform. This article applies the science and technology studies literature on standardization to the process of model lawmaking to analyze how developers negotiate between alternative forms of expertise and utilize different drafting processes to secure the techno-political legitimacy of their model statutes. Drawing on archival records and interviews with thirty-four experts involved in the development of four model public health laws produced between 1999 and 2007, I show how developers work to satisfy multiple, and, at times, competing, audiences. I observe that developers leveraged forms of legal expertise to secure their model laws’ technical legitimacy and emphasized their objectivity, representativeness, and flexibility to promote their political legitimacy. Comparing the four model laws across several indicia of legitimacy, I find that the developers experienced varying degrees of success. This study contributes to the socio legal scholarship on model laws by revealing how they are able to achieve legitimacy, albeit fragmented, even in the context of scientific uncertainty.

scholarly journals Nutritional Influences on the Health of Women and Children in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6205
Author(s):  
Adelaide Lusambili ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Gibson Manda ◽  
Lindsay Mossman ◽  
Stefania Wisofschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Pregnant Adolescent ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Micronutrient Powder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Knowledge

In 2017, the Government of Mozambique declared localized acute malnutrition crises in a range of districts across Mozambique including Cabo Delgado. This is in spite of intensive efforts by different non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the Government of Mozambique to expand access to information on good nutritional practices as well as promote nutrition-specific interventions, such as cooking demonstrations, home gardens and the distribution of micronutrient powder to children. This paper examines and discusses key nutritional influences on the health of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique. We conducted 21 key informant interviews (KIIs) with a wide range of stakeholders and 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women. In addition, we conducted four focus group discussions with each of the following groups: (1) pregnant adolescent girls, (2) pregnant women >20 yrs, (3) women >20 yrs with babies <6 mths who were not practicing exclusive breastfeeding, (4) women >20 yrs of children <2 yrs and (5) with fathers of children <2 yrs. Data were analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. There is no single widely held influence on pregnant and breast-feeding women’s nutritional decision-making, choices and food consumption. Rather, variables such as social-cultural, environmental, economic, gender, knowledge and information intersect in their roles in nutritional food choices.

Non-governmental organizations: strategic management for a competitive world

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schwenger ◽  
Thomas Straub ◽  
Stefano Borzillo
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Executive Managers

Purpose – This paper aims to empirically investigate competition within the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector, and presents some strategic approaches to managing it. Porter’s five forces (1980) model was used as a theoretical framework to understand and quantify competition in the NGO sector, as well as to explore the differences between NGOs’ budget sizes. Traditional strategic management often fails to meet NGOs’ needs. While economization is prevalent within the NGO sector, little is known about how NGOs address competition. Design/methodology/approach – An online global survey was conducted between November 2010 and May 2011. Data were collected from 1,211 NGOs that either function as consultants or work in association with the United Nations (UN). The key informants were leaders and executive managers of NGOs. The respondents’ fields of work varied from international advocacy and development (38 per cent), education and research (14 per cent), community and neighborhood (8 per cent), health (8 per cent), environment (8 per cent) and social services (7 per cent) to civil liberty (6 per cent), labor (6 per cent), culture (3 per cent), philanthropy (2 per cent) and religion (1 per cent). Findings – The findings suggest that the NGO sector is becoming increasingly competitive. However, the data suggest that the lower and upper budget classes have different priorities and perceptions. Small NGOs (with budgets <USD250,000 and especially <USD10,000) compete more aggressively for funding, as they have less bargaining power over donors and large foundations, and face stronger competition from social entrepreneurship. This results in income reductions. Large NGOs (with budgets >USD250,000 USD and especially >USD1 million) experience increased pressure for accountability. Research limitations/implications – This research is aimed at a wide range of NGOs. The findings are based on an empirical and open survey that was held among NGOs in association with the UN. Future research should survey NGOs that are not associated with the UN to generalize the results. This may lead to contradictory or more varied results. Practical implications – The findings can help NGOs adapt their strategy to cope more effectively with increasing competition in the sector. Large NGOs seem to prioritize fundraising measures and their positioning (uniqueness) through specialized knowledge. Small NGOs, on the other hand, seem to consider sharing resources, co-operation with other NGOs and co-operation with the private sector slightly more important. To enhance their competitive position, small NGOs are advised to improve their potential by concentrating on developing specific skills that are hard to imitate and to improve their fundraising measures. Finally, large NGOs could benefit from pooling their resources and collaborating with other NGOs and private organizations. Originality/value – NGOs have to pursue their missions under increasing competitive pressure. This paper comprehensively assesses competition, analyzes the various facets thereof and tests these aspects’ relevance to NGOs. It furthermore proposes strategies that are more appropriate for NGOs of different sizes to cope with this competition.

scholarly journals Volunteer Activity and the Demands of Work and Family

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gomez ◽  
Morley Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The importance of volunteer activity for employees, employers and governmental and non-governmental organizations that are increasingly relying on volunteers is discussed, followed by an econometric analysis relating volunteer activity to a variety of characteristics of work and family as well as to personal and demographic characteristics of the volunteers. The analysis is based on Cycle 9 of the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) of 1994—an ideal data set since it links volunteer activity to a wide range of characteristics of work and family. The results are interpreted through the lens of a household production function framework, highlighting the importance of time cost and income, but also characteristics of work and family.

scholarly journals Cooperation between Higher Education Institutions and Non-governmental Organizations in Higher Education: International Discourse

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Kateryna Tryma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Discourse

The article is aimed to provide content analysis of the international discourse on interaction and cooperation between higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations. Being different in nature and characteristics, higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations are social actors whose activities, among other things, are aimed at ensuring the development of the society. In order to achieve this aim, higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations cooperate in various fields and formats that go beyond the higher education sector. An important result of the content analysis is introduction of the terminological phrase "non-governmental organization in higher education", which corresponds to the international classifiers "World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations" and "International Classification of Non-profit Organizations". The typology of " non-governmental higher education organization" includes non-governmental organizations whose activities are related to the provision of access to higher education, the organization of educational services and the quality assurance of higher education. The categorical conceptual apparatus for describing cooperation between higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations needs to be expanded and clarified in order to fully and adequately specify the processes of their interaction. The analysis of the intellectual and documentary heritage of the Bologna Process, the EU, UNESCO, and other international associations shows that cooperation between higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations is not only to ensure access to higher education, butit is much more wider. Non-governmental organizations are able to organize and provide educational services, such as in the field of non-formal education; partner with higher education institutions in projects addressed to local communities. In addition, non-governmental organizations are an important mechanism for articulating and aggregating the interests and requests of citizens, communities, local communities for higher education, and higher education institutions. Studying the mechanisms of cooperation between higher education institutions and non-governmental organizations is of great practical importance, since the latter are an authoritative tool for disseminating academic knowledge and practical development of universities, forming a 'knowledge society' and satisfying the needs of the society.

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