Pineapple Biorefinery in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Vega-Baudrit ◽  
Melissa Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Pineapple peel’s biomass was used as a raw material for nanocellulose extraction. The raw material was a residue from the fruit industry from Costa Rica. The nanocellulose was obtained by hydrolysis of the pineapple peel residues after NaOH and hypochlorous acid with hydrochloric acid (HCl) for the microcellulose formation and with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for nanocellulose formation. Properties were analyzed by FTIR, TGA, DLS, zeta potential, AFM and SEM. The results showed that nanocellulose with a fiber like structure was preferentially obtained after 60 min in contact with sulfuric acid.

scholarly journals HIDROLISIS RUMPUT LAUT (Glacilaria sp.) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ENZIM DAN ASAM UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Armawan Sandi ◽  
Wiwik Susanah Rita ◽  
Yenni Ciawi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of enzyme and acids concentration on the yield of glucose produced in the hydrolysis of Glacilaria sp. in the production of bioethanol. The concentrations of cellulase used were 200 units/mL, 400 units/mL, 600 units/mL, 800 units/mL and the concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) used were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% (w/v). The concentration of reduction sugar was determined using Anthrone and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the determination of ethanol concentration was carried out by using gas chromatography. The results showed that the contents of reducing sugar produced by sulphuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis were 26,19%; 36,69%; 41,40%; 45,0% (v/v), by hydrochloric acid (HCl) were 12,12%; 14,03%; 15,17%; 16,50% (v/v), and by cellulase enzyme were 46,15%; 46,73%; 47,68%; 48,25% (v/v). Optimum concentration of reducing sugar produced by hydrolysis using 800 units/mL cellulase was 48,25% (v/v). The optimum length of fermentation to produce bioethanol using Glacilaria sp. as raw material was 5 days. In the fermentation, inoculum with a concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/v) produced 0,85% and 1,51% (v/v) ethanol.

scholarly journals Influence of surface modification by sulfuric acid on coking coal's adsorption of coking wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Gao ◽  
Hong Wen ◽  
Quanzhi Tian ◽  
Yongtian Wang ◽  
Guosheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Coking Coal

Coking coal, the raw material of a coke plant, was applied to the adsorption of coking wastewater. In this study, coking coal was directly treated with sulfuric acid to improve its surface properties and adsorption ability. Acid treatment was carried out at various concentrations, by varying from 0.001 to 1 mol/L. The samples were characterized by ash content analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), wettability analysis, and zeta potential analysis. These results demonstrated that H+ could react with inorganic minerals, which resulted in a significant variation of the chemical composition and the structure of coal surface. Furthermore, both the ash content and the surface content of O = C-O, C = O and C-O groups declined gradually as the concentration of sulfuric acid increased, while the surface area and pore volume of micropore, the lipophilic and hydrophobic properties, and zeta potential magnitude increased, resulting in enhanced hydrophobic and Van der Waals' forces between the fine coal and organic pollutants. Characterization modification showed a better performance in adsorption, the removal rate enhanced from 23% to 42% after treated by 1 mol/L sulfuric acid. It was concluded that the acid activation modified the lipophilic and hydrophobic properties, the surface charge properties, surface area and pore volume, the content of oxygen functional groups, all of which could be potentially useful in wastewater adsorption.

Reducing Sugar Production from Agricultural Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Achara Kleawkla ◽  
Pannarai Chuenkruth
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sugar is very important raw material of many industries such as food, beverage and renewable energy. In this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis of agricultural wastes to produce reducing sugars for an ethanol production were investigated. The rice stalk and corn stover from agricultural wastes were firstly pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 121 °C in different time as 20 30 and 40 minutes for removal of lignin. After that, the condition of hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of the pretreated rice stalk and corn stover was optimized. The optimum condition that obtained the highest reducing sugar content from rice stalk and corn stover of 76.12 and 136.25 mg/ml were using 1.0 % v/v sulfuric acid at temperature of 121 °C for a hydrolysis time of 40 minutes. This research made value adding in the industrial processing, decrease environmental problem and reduce global warming crisis by optimized utilization of agricultural waste.

Hydrolysis of S. platensis Using Sulfuric Acid for Ethanol Production

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Megawati ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan ◽  
Astika Arum Dwi Mastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

S. platensis is a microalga that contains carbohydrate composition of 30.21% which makes it potential to be used as raw material for ethanol production. Hydrolysis of S. platensis is the first step for converting its carbohydrates into monosaccharides. The second step is fermentation of monosaccharides into ethanol. This research aims to study the effect of temperature and microalgae concentration on the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid as catalyst. This research was conducted using 300 mL sulfuric acid of 2 mol/L, hydrolysis temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C, and microalgae concentrations of 20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L. The effect of temperature is significant in the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid. At microalgae concentration of 20 g/L and hydrolysis time of 35 minutes, the higher the temperatures (70, 80, and 90 °C), the more the glucose yields would be (8.9, 13.5, and 22.9%). This temperature effect got stronger when the hydrolysis was running for 15 minutes. Every time the hydrolysis temperature increased by 10 °C, the glucose yield increased by 13.0% at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L. At temperature of 90 °C and time of 35 minutes, the higher the microalgae concentrations (20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L), the higher the glucose yields would be (25.5, 27.7, and 28.2%). The highest glucose concentration obtained was 2.82 g/L at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and time of 35 minutes.

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI KULIT NANAS MELALUI HIDROLISIS DENGAN ASAM

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Diana Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Pineapple skin is an agricultural waste that has a carbohydrate content of about 10:54% and the skin of pineapple juice glucose levels by 17% so it can be utilized to ethanol. Hydrolysis reaction is so slow that the reaction requires a catalyst. The catalyst used in this study were hydrochloric acid (HCl). This study aims to Learn how to use the skin of pineapple waste as alternative raw material manufacture bioethanol. The variables studied were the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the hydrolysis and fermentation time. Sorghum starch hydrolysis process using a three neck flask equipment, mercury stirrer, heating mantle, cooling behind and a thermometer to measure temperature. Sampling for glucose analysis performed when the temperature reaches 100<sup>o</sup>C every 45 minutes to obtain optimum glucose levels. Glucose samples were analyzed by using the Lane-Eynon. Data analysis showed the longer the higher the hydrolysis of the resulting glucose levels, but there are times when the glucose level will drop over time for glucose resulting damage due to continuous heating. In the fermentation process is carried out with fermentation time of 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours fiber. The most optimum bacterial activity is a long fermentation for 96 hours. Distillation process carried out on the final results of ethanol fermentation and obtained the highest levels of 31.399%.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : Pineapple skin, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, ethanol.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Water-Extracted and Aqueous Ethanol-Extracted Quinoa Stalks for Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4102
Author(s):  
Cristhian Carrasco ◽  
Leif J. Jönsson ◽  
Carlos Martín
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Preliminary Extraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Auto-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (A-HTP) and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (SA-HTP) were applied to quinoa stalks in order to reduce their recalcitrance towards enzymatic saccharification. Prior to pretreatment, quinoa stalks were extracted with either water or a 50:50 (v/v) ethanol–water mixture for removing saponins. Extraction with water or aqueous ethanol, respectively, led to removal of 52 and 75% (w/w) of the saponins contained in the raw material. Preliminary extraction of quinoa stalks allowed for a lower overall severity during pretreatment, and it led to an increase of glucan recovery in the pretreated solids (above 90%) compared with that of non-extracted quinoa stalks (73–74%). Furthermore, preliminary extraction resulted in enhanced hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and lower by-product formation during pretreatment. The enhancement of hemicelluloses hydrolysis by pre-extraction was more noticeable for SA-HTP than for A-HTP. As a result of the pretreatment, glucan susceptibility towards enzymatic hydrolysis was remarkably improved, and the overall conversion values were higher for the pre-extracted materials (up to 83%) than for the non-extracted ones (64–69%). Higher overall conversion was achieved for the aqueous ethanol-extracted quinoa stalks (72–83%) than for the water-extracted material (65–74%).

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from Calotropis procera biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Song ◽  
Xiaoji Zhu ◽  
Weiming Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractCalotropis procera fiber (CPF) is the fruit fiber of C. procera and belongs to a typical cellulosic fiber. In this study, Calotropis procera fiber (CPF) was first purified in the pretreatment process including delignification and bleaching before the isolation of cellulose nanocrystal. Chemical composition of Calotropis procera fiber was determined according to TAPPI standard method. It was composed of 64.0 wt% cellulose, 19.5 wt% hemicelluloses, and 9.7 wt% of lignin. The morphology of the Calotropis procera fiber and fiber after each pretreatment process was also investigated. Cellulose nanocrystal was extracted by classical sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the pretreated Calotropis procera fiber. TEM and SEM were used to analyze the morphologies of the obtained CNC. The crystallinity, thermal stability and suspension stability of the CNC were also investigated. The interesting results proved that this under-utilized biomass could be exploited as a new source of cellulose raw material for the production of cellulose nanocrystal.

Research of Leaching Alumina and Iron Oxide from Bayer Red Mud

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Rong Lu ◽  
Yi He Zhang ◽  
Feng Shan Zhou ◽  
Xin Ke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Bayer Red Mud

Adopting Bayer red mud as raw material, researching five acid leaching of alumina and iron oxide methods, hydrochloric acid leaching, sulfuric acid leaching, mixed acid leaching and two methods of classification acid leaching, affecting on leaching ratio of Al and Fe in red mud. All the five acid leaching experiments have a good effect on the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide. The highest leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide are 90.1% and 99.0% when the volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are 25mL in the mixed acid leaching. Finally, obtain better condition of preparing flocculants solution for water treatment by leaching Fe and Al in red mud.

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI KULIT NANAS MELALUI HIDROLISIS DENGAN ASAM

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Diana Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p>Abstract: Pineapple skin is an agricultural waste that has a carbohydrate content of about<br />10:54% and the skin of pineapple juice glucose levels by 17% so it can be utilized to ethanol.<br />Hydrolysis reaction is so slow that the reaction requires a catalyst. The catalyst used in this<br />study were hydrochloric acid (HCl). This study aims to Learn how to use the skin of pineapple<br />waste as alternative raw material manufacture bioethanol. The variables studied were the<br />concentration of hydrochloric acid, the hydrolysis and fermentation time. Sorghum starch<br />hydrolysis process using a three neck flask equipment, mercury stirrer, heating mantle, cooling<br />behind and a thermometer to measure temperature. Sampling for glucose analysis performed<br />when the temperature reaches 100 ºC every 45 minutes to obtain optimum glucose levels.<br />Glucose samples were analyzed by using the Lane-Eynon. Data analysis showed the longer the<br />higher the hydrolysis of the resulting glucose levels, but there are times when the glucose level<br />will drop over time for glucose resulting damage due to continuous heating. In the fermentation<br />process is carried out with fermentation time of 24 hours, 48jam, 72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours<br />fiber. The most optimum bacterial activity is a long fermentation for 96 hours. Distillation process<br />carried out on the final results of ethanol fermentation and obtained the highest levels of<br />31.399%.<br />keyword : Pineapple skin, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, ethanol.</p>

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