Hydrolysis of S. platensis Using Sulfuric Acid for Ethanol Production

S. platensis is a microalga that contains carbohydrate composition of 30.21% which makes it potential to be used as raw material for ethanol production. Hydrolysis of S. platensis is the first step for converting its carbohydrates into monosaccharides. The second step is fermentation of monosaccharides into ethanol. This research aims to study the effect of temperature and microalgae concentration on the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid as catalyst. This research was conducted using 300 mL sulfuric acid of 2 mol/L, hydrolysis temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C, and microalgae concentrations of 20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L. The effect of temperature is significant in the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid. At microalgae concentration of 20 g/L and hydrolysis time of 35 minutes, the higher the temperatures (70, 80, and 90 °C), the more the glucose yields would be (8.9, 13.5, and 22.9%). This temperature effect got stronger when the hydrolysis was running for 15 minutes. Every time the hydrolysis temperature increased by 10 °C, the glucose yield increased by 13.0% at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L. At temperature of 90 °C and time of 35 minutes, the higher the microalgae concentrations (20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L), the higher the glucose yields would be (25.5, 27.7, and 28.2%). The highest glucose concentration obtained was 2.82 g/L at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and time of 35 minutes.

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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1515/prolas-2017-0046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 275-279

Author(s):

Linda Rozenfelde ◽

Māris Puķe ◽

Irēna Krūma ◽

Ieva Poppele ◽

Nataļja Matjuškova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Glucose Yield ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

C 50 ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Temperature Time ◽

Furfural Production

Abstract The effect of temperature, time and amount of enzyme on hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose remaining after furfural production was studied. The residual substrate was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at different temperatures — 45 °C, 50 °C and 55 °C. Hydrolysis time was 72 hours, and samples were taken every 24 hours. The maximum glucose yield (76.5% of the theoretically possible) was reached when hydrolysis temperature 50 °C was used. The production rate of glucose increased with a hydrolysis period of time. The yield of glucose significantly depended on the ratio of enzyme to substrate.

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Reducing Sugar Production from Agricultural Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 675-676 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Achara Kleawkla ◽

Pannarai Chuenkruth

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Agricultural Wastes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Sugar is very important raw material of many industries such as food, beverage and renewable energy. In this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis of agricultural wastes to produce reducing sugars for an ethanol production were investigated. The rice stalk and corn stover from agricultural wastes were firstly pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 121 °C in different time as 20 30 and 40 minutes for removal of lignin. After that, the condition of hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of the pretreated rice stalk and corn stover was optimized. The optimum condition that obtained the highest reducing sugar content from rice stalk and corn stover of 76.12 and 136.25 mg/ml were using 1.0 % v/v sulfuric acid at temperature of 121 °C for a hydrolysis time of 40 minutes. This research made value adding in the industrial processing, decrease environmental problem and reduce global warming crisis by optimized utilization of agricultural waste.

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Kinetic Models for Glucosamine Production by Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin in Five Mushrooms

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/5084036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Pin Zhang ◽

Manote Sutheerawattananonda

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Zero Order Kinetics ◽

Acid Type ◽

Straw Mushroom ◽

Acid Acid ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Of

In this paper, glucosamine was produced by acid hydrolysis of five mushrooms. The glucosamine yields were investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: acid type, sulfuric acid; acid concentration, 6 M; ratio of raw material to acid volume, 1 : 10; hydrolysis temperature, 100°C; and time, 6 h. Under these conditions, the glucosamine conversion from chitin content reached up to 92%. The results of hydrolysis kinetics indicated that hydrolysis of five mushrooms to glucosamine followed zero-order kinetics. Moreover, the relatively low activation energy for hydrolysis of straw mushroom (18.31 kJ/mol) and the highest glucosamine yield (56.8132 ± 3.5748 mg/g DM, 0.9824 g/g chitin) indicated that hydrolysis of straw mushroom was energy-saving. Thus, sulfuric acid hydrolysis of straw mushroom for glucosamine production should be considered as an efficient process for the future industrial application. However, further study is needed for glucosamine purification.

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Optimization of hydrolysis conditions for xylans and straw hydrolysates by HPLC analysis

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01429-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Beckendorff ◽

Anne Lamp ◽

Martin Kaltschmitt

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Conversion Rates ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Of

AbstractOligosaccharide analysis is commonly done by acid hydrolysis and following HPLC analysis. A major problem is the incomplete hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and disaccharides and the increasing formation of volatile furfural from pentose monomers and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from hexose monomers. This paper optimizes the conditions of hydrolysis approaches and proposes a method for oligosaccharide quantification. The optimal condition for hydrolysis of model xylan from corn cob was found to be for 100 °C hydrolysis temperature, 120 min hydrolysis time, and 2 wt% sulfuric acid concentration. Under these conditions, the total free and bound xylose yield was 77.4% and hemicellulose conversion 87.4% respectively; no degradation products were found. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of model xylan from beech wood were found to be for 120 °C hydrolysis temperature, 120 min hydrolysis time, and 2 wt% sulfuric acid concentration. Under these conditions, the total free and bound xylose yield was 65.1% and hemicellulose conversion 70.5% respectively; no degradation products were found. For pentosan hydrolysate, conditions were further optimized (110 °C, 60 min, 2 wt% H2SO4). Standard addition of xylan from the corn cob for hydrolysation showed similar conversion rates (< 2% deviation); no matrix effects were detected.

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OPTIMIZATION FOR BATCH PROTEOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS OF SPENT BREWER’S YEAST BY USING PROTEASES

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/54/4a/11992 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (4A) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngoc

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Brewer’S Yeast ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Brewer's Yeast ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Proteolytic Hydrolysis

The yield of proteolylic hydrolysis for spent brewer’s yeast by protease and aminoacid contents of hydrolysates (the main factors influencing in taste of hydrolysed product) depends on factors influencing in catalytic activities of enzymes as temperature, pH value, type of used enzymes and ratio enzyme/substrate. With the purpose to hydrolyse the spent brewer’s yeast for food application, bitterness of hydrolysate takes the firth consideration, and than the yield of hydrolysing process plays economic role. In this paper, it is dealt with determination of optimal conditions to obtain the highest yield of hydrolysis process and the lowest bitterness of hydrolysate (the bitterness is determined by sensory evaluation, expressed equivalently with concentration of quinine). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimum condition for batch proteolytic hydrolysis of spent brewer’s yeast. The influencing factors were investigated as temperature (X1): 40 oC–60 oC; pH (X2): 6.0–9.0, ratio E (flavourzyme)/S (X3): 5–10 U/g and hydrolysis time (X4): 6–9 hours. The experimental responses including degree of hydrolysis (Y1) (%) and bitterness of hydrolysate (Y2) (μmol quinine/ml) are performed in second-degree model. The optimal conditions for obtaining high degree of hydrolysis and low bitterness are determined: Ratio of enzyme mixture (alcalase 7.5 U/g and flavourzyme 8.5 U/g), pH 7.5, hydrolysis temperature at 52oC and hydrolysis time 9 hours. Under the optimal conditions, the actual values obtained for the yield of hydrolysis was 40.81 ± 0.044 % and the bitterness equivalently with concentration of quinine was 16.37 ± 0.03 μmol quinine/ml.

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Effect of pepsin hydrolysis on antioxidant activity of jellyfish protein hydrolysate

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130202010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 302 ◽

pp. 02010

Author(s):

Pratchaya Muangrod ◽

Wiriya Charoenchokpanich ◽

Vilai Rungsardthong ◽

Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn ◽

Benjamaporn Wonganu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Raw Material ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Radical Scavengers ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

By Products

Edible jellyfish have been consumed as food for more than a century with offering high protein and crunchy texture. The pepsin hydrolysis of jellyfish protein yields jellyfish protein hydrolysate (ep-JPH), reported for potential bioactivities such as antioxidant activity or antihypertensive activities. Due to the substantial number of by-products generated from jellyfish processing, the by-products were then selected as a raw material of JPH production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydrolysis time of pepsin on the antioxidant activity of ep-JPH. The dried desalted jellyfish by-products powder was enzymatically hydrolysed by 5% (w/w) pepsin, and the hydrolysis time was varied from 6, 12, 18, and 24 h at 37oC. Results showed that increased hydrolysis time increased the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and inhibition of DPPH radical. The 24 h ep-JPH possessed the highest DH and the highest inhibitory effect of DPPH radical. The results demonstrated that, in this experiment, all ep-JPHs were DPPH radical scavengers, exhibiting different inhibition activities depending on DH values.

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Dilute acid hydrolysis of wastes of fruits from Amazon for ethanol production

AIMS Bioengineering ◽

10.3934/bioeng.2021019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 221-234

Author(s):

Flávia Fernandes ◽

◽

Amanda Farias ◽

Livia Carneiro ◽

Ralyvan Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Bactris Gasipaes ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽

Hydrolysis Of

<abstract> This study carried out the screening of wastes from Amazon plants to produce hydrolysates with a high monosaccharides content for ethanol production. Initially, we hydrolyzed (diluted acid) Amazon wastes (peel from the fruit of <italic>Astrocaryum aculeatum</italic> Meyer, peel from the fruit of <italic>Bactris gasipaes</italic> Kunth, straw obtained from endocarp of the fruit of <italic>Euterpe oleracea</italic> Mart., peel from the fruit of <italic>Theobroma grandiflorum</italic> Schumann and peel from the root of <italic>Manihot esculenta</italic> Crant) to obtain hydrolysates with the high content of fermentable sugars. Then, we investigated by 23 factorial design the influence of the factors: a) hydrolysis time (min); b) H2SO4-to-waste ratio (g/g) and c) solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) in the variables reducing sugars and furans. The hydrolysis of the peel of the fruit of <italic>Bactris gasipaes</italic> resulted in the highest concentration of reducing sugars (23.7 g/L). After detoxification and concentration process, the <italic>Bactris gasipaes</italic> hydrolysate results in 96.7 g/L of reducing sugars largely fermentable (90%) by <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> PE-2. The experimental design demonstrated that the factors H2SO4-to-waste ratio (g/g) and solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) were the most significant affecting the final content of reducing sugars and furans in the hydrolysate of the peel of <italic>Bactris gasipaes</italic>. Hydrolysis time of 4.4 min, H2SO4-to-waste ratio of 0.63 g/g, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.17 g/mL resulted in the concentration of reducing sugars of 49 g/L. This study shows the potential of peels from the fruit of <italic>Bactris gasipaes</italic> to produce ethanol. </abstract>

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Thermal Alkaline Method to Prepare Geotrichuam Candidum Protein Foaming Agent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.845 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 845-849

Author(s):

Jie Jie Zheng ◽

Ji Chuan Huo ◽

Hong Lei ◽

Wei Ai

Keyword(s):

Mass Concentration ◽

Geotrichum Candidum ◽

Raw Material ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Optimization Strategy ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Foam Expansion ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Subsequent Response ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature

Geotrichum Candidum strain numbered 2.0498 was used as raw material. The Geotrichum Candidum thallus were collected through inoculation and shaking cultivation. Thermal alkaline method was applied for hydrolyzing Geotrichum Candidum mycoprotein to prepare protein foaming agent. The effect of bacteria concentration, Ca(OH)2mass concentration, hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time on foam expansion were studied. The optimization strategy was single factor test and subsequent response surface analysis based on Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the optimized condition were a bacteria concentration of 5.4%(w/v) and a Ca(OH)2mass concentration of 1.5%(w/v), at a hydrolysis temperature of 95°C for 4.1 h. Under these optimal conditions, the foam expansion was 28.1. Compared with the model theory prediction, the relative error was 0.46%. At the same time, a multiple quadratic regression equation between Geotrichum Candidum mycoprotein foam expansion and impact factors was setted up and it played an important role in predicting the foam expansion.

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Study on Dilute Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis of Corn Stover

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.313 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 313-316

Author(s):

Jun Ping Zhu ◽

Jian Lu Ma ◽

Xiao Chen Liu ◽

Biao Zhang ◽

Wei Jie Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The object of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the hydrolysis of corn stover by dilute sulfuric acid and the types of sugars existed in hydrolysate. Experiment results showed that the optimal conditions were hydrolysis temperature 120°C, stover size 20-40 mesh, soak time 36h, reaction time 100 min, H2SO4concentration 1.5% and solid-liquid ratio 1:8. Sugars gained in the hydrolysate were xylose 3.0%, glucose 0.71%, mannose 0.12% and galactose 0.32% determined by capillary electrophoresis.

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