scholarly journals Vision Payment Claims Analyses with Health Insurance

CommonHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Aaron Houston MPH ◽  
Joseph Ruskiwewicz ◽  
John Gaal MHA ◽  
Chaitali Baviskar MHSA ◽  
Atiya Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Insurance Type ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses

 The purpose of  this study was to identify associations between insurance type and costs and to investigate specified variables’ influence on individuals’ access to adequate coverage. This was a cross sectional study, using secondary data analyses. The study was completed at The Eye Institute (TEI) East Oak Lane Campus in Philadelphia, PA. The study population was all patients seen at TEI East Oak Lane Campus, specifically patients seen at TEI clinic from January 1st, 2019, - to December 31st, 2019, whose encounter generated an insurance claim (n=68,484). The exposure was insurance type and outcomes were patient total amount, billed amount, and pay amount by patient. Data analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.4. In all statistical analyses, p-values were one-sided and considered statistically significant if 0.05 or lower. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Salus University. The sample represented an older population with an average age of about 55. There was a significant association found between financial class with patient total amount (p<0.0001), billed amount(p<0.0001), and pay amount (p<0.0001). People with managed PPO pay the least, while those on Medicaid and workers compensation pay the most out of pocket. The two Philadelphia zip codes which pay the most out of pocket have two of the lowest average household incomes in the Greater Philadelphia area. Insurance type and out of pocket expenses potentially have a negative effect on patient vision health and affordability of care as well as access to care. These findings contribute to the identification of variables that influence individual’s healthcare accessibility and evidence for opportunities to improve insurance coverage.            

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gleason Score of Indonesian Prostate Cancer Men in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Abdurrahman ◽  
Sri Suryanti ◽  
Aaron T Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

The risk of high grade PCa in Asia in relation to BMI had positive or negative effect. The objective of this study is to know the relationship between BMI and Gleason score in Indonesian PCa patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The data were secondary data taken from medical records of prostate adenocarcinoma patients in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Ordinal data were analyzed using Chi square and correlation using Spearman. All calculation was done using SPSS 24. There were 95 Indonesian PCa patients. 78 patients is in normal BMI range. Of those 41 patients (52.6%) is in high level of Gleason score. 17 patients is in high BMI range. High Gleason score was found in 11 patients (P = 0.362; rs = 0.094). Conclusion, there is no relation between BMI in Indonesian PCa and Gleason score.   Keywords : Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa); BMI; Gleason score.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sarcopenia Among Elderly With Diabetes in Japan and Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Greiner ◽  
Hirochika Ryuno ◽  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Medical University

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated risk factors among elderly with diabetes in Japan and Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences (No. 543) and Taipei Medical University (No. N201905065). Of the 114 Japanese participants (24.9% females) and 226 Taiwanese participants (75.1% females), the mean age were 73.7±6.9 years and 74.2±6.6 years, respectively. Sarcopenia was found in 10.6% in Japan and 11.1% in Taiwan with no significant difference between both countries. Older age, poor relationships with neighbors, and poor consciousness for health management were significantly associated with sarcopenia in both countries. Additionally, Japanese participants with sarcopenia had significantly longer duration of diabetes, higher level of emotional distress assessed by the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) scale, and lower level of total protein, but no significant differences were shown in Taiwanese participants. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to detect risk factors related to sarcopenia. After adjusting for age, sarcopenia was found to be significantly associated with poor consciousness for health management in Japanese participants (OR:0.12 P=0.02) and significantly associated with poor relationships with neighbors and poor consciousness for health management in Taiwanese participants (OR:0.18 P=0.008 and OR:0.45 P=0.04, respectively). These findings are expected to contribute to the development of effective strategies for preventing sarcopenia among elderly with diabetes in Japan and Taiwan.

scholarly journals Understanding Constraints and Enablers of Turnaround Time for Ethics Review: The Case of Institutional Review Boards in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110268
Author(s):  
Mwifadhi Mrisho ◽  
Zaynab Essack
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Review Boards

Background. Independent ethics review of research is required prior to the implementation of all health research involving human participants. However, ethics review processes are challenged by protracted turnaround times, which may negatively impact the implementation of socially valuable research. Previous research has documented delays in ethics review in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the extent of variability in turnaround times for protocol review among different institutional review boards (IRBs) within Tanzania. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a mixed-method approach, with qualitative and quantitative components. Seven IRBs were purposively sampled from the 15 accredited IRBs operational in Tanzania during the study period, April 2017–April 2018. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA software and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results. The median time for review across all IRBs was 32 days, with a range of 1–396 days. Qualitative results identified five key themes related to turnaround time from interviews with participants. These included: (1) procedures for receiving and distribution of protocols, (2) number of reviewers assigned to protocols, (3) duration of reviewing protocols, (4) reasons for delayed feedback, and (5) training of research ethics committee members. Conclusion. The study showed that the median days for ethical approval in Tanzania was 32 days. We observed from this study that electronic submission systems facilitated faster turnaround times. Failure to adhere to the submission checklists and guidelines was a major obstacle to the turnaround time.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals Urinary and anal incontinence among female gymnasts and cheerleaders—bother and associated factors. A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Lindquist Skaug ◽  
Marie Ellström Engh ◽  
Helena Frawley ◽  
Kari Bø
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Anal Incontinence ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics and cheerleading are sports including high-impact activities. It is presumed that the athletes’ pelvic floor must be functioning well to prevent urinary (UI) and anal incontinence (AI) during sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI and AI in female artistic gymnasts, team gymnasts and cheerleaders; the influence of UI and AI on daily living and sport performance; and the athletes’ knowledge about the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Methods All female athletes ≥ 12 years of age competing in ≥ 1 National Championship in artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics or cheerleading in 2018/2019 were invited. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence/bother of UI and AI. Results Among the 319 gymnasts and cheerleaders who participated, the prevalence of UI and AI was 67% and 84%, respectively. Age, training ≥ 4 days/week and straining to void were significantly associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and years of training with AI. Eighty-three percent of athletes with SUI reported a negative effect on sports performance, 22% would occasionally avoid training or specific exercises because of leakage, and 28% used pads for protection. Forty-one percent of the athletes had never heard about the PFM, and 74% reported an interest in PFM training to prevent/treat UI or AI. Conclusions UI and AI were prevalent in female gymnasts and cheerleaders, and SUI negatively influenced sport performance. The athletes’ knowledge about the PFM was limited.

http://theicph.com/id_ID/122-siti-zakiah-zulfa-cesa-septiana-pratiwi/

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftah Tazkiyah ◽  
◽  
Sudarto Ronoatmodjo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Early Menopause ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Master Program ◽  
Number Of Children

Background: Menopause was the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and are caused by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. the proportion of women aged menopause increases with increasing age. This study aimed to find the relationship between employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status to the incidence of early menopause in women aged 30 to 40 years. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from secondary data Indonesian Health Data Survey (IDHS), 2017. The inclusion criteria were female respondents 30-40 years old with who are married and use contraceptives. The dependent variable was early menopause. The independent variables were employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status. The data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: This study found that women aged 30-40 years who had menopause were 10.3%. From the multivariate results, it was found that women who had more than 2 children had a 1.4 times greater risk of early menopause (OR= 1.43, 95% CI= 1.43 to 1.26). Women who have jobs have a 0.5 times greater risk of premature menopause than women who do not work (OR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.49 to 0.61). The most dominant variable related to the incidence of menopause is the number of children. Conclusion: The family planning program needs to be increased in order to provide counseling on long-term family planning and how to plan to have children and prepare for menopause. Keywords: early menopause, number of children, childbirth age, smoking Correspondence: Iftah Tazkiyah. Master program in Public Health, University of Indonesia. Pondok Cina, Beji district, Depok city, West Java 12345. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: 08118002454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.12

scholarly journals Identifying missing people: the contribution of forensic dentistry and DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Luciene Menrique CORRADI ◽  
Denise Vieira TRAVASSOS ◽  
Sylvia Cury COSTE ◽  
Rosa Núbia Vieira de MOURA ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Examination

Abstract Introduction Human identification is considered one of the major steps concerning missing people. The Forensic Anthropology Sector of Legal Medical Institutes identifies corpses. Forensic dentistry and DNA tests stand out among the existing standard tests. Objective This article aimed to evaluate human identification effectiveness through forensic dental examination performed in the forensic anthropology sector in a Forensic Medical Institute, comparing them with DNA analyses. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data available in the department´s database, from 2008 to 2014, concerning identification procedures using forensic dentistry and DNA techniques. Result The analysis of the examinations eligible to this study (241) showed that DNA analysis was the method used for identification in 79.3% of the cases and forensic dental examinations were used in 20.7% of the cases. As for the type of biological material used during these examinations, unidentified corpses corresponded to 131 cases (53.9%), skeleton structures corresponded to 109 cases (44.9%) and there were 3 cases of body segments (1.2%). When analyzing the time spent to complete the tests, dental examinations were faster than DNA tests. The time spent for forensic dental examination does not depend on the type of dental documentation evaluated. Conclusion The analysis of the results in this study showed that human identification through forensic dentistry is effective, rapid and less costly, contributing to greater agility in solving issues related to locating missing people.

scholarly journals Two definitions of presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ishimaru ◽  
Y Mine ◽  
Y Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Sickness Presenteeism ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Sleeping Problems ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Two major definitions exist for presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function. The evidence for comparing previous studies on presenteeism is insufficient because of the different definitions of presenteeism used. Aims To assess the relationship between the two major definitions of presenteeism. Methods This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data on 5334 respondents to an employee survey administered in a construction company in Japan. Impaired work function was measured using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Multiple logistic regression was performed. Results A strong linear association was observed between the number of days of sickness presenteeism and impaired work function (all P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the number of days of sickness absence was only partially positively associated with impaired work function. All choices for most frequent health problem were positively associated with impaired work function, beginning with mental problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 20.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.94–28.01), followed by malaise (adjusted OR = 11.91, 95% CI: 9.08–15.62) and sleeping problems (adjusted OR = 8.62, 95% CI: 6.57–11.33). Conclusions A strong relationship was observed between the two major definitions of presenteeism, even after adjusting for a variety of chronic health conditions. Although a consensus on the definition of presenteeism is yet to be reached, this study provides insight on comparing existing studies on presenteeism.

scholarly journals DRP EVALUASI DRUNG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPs) ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA RAWAT INAP ANAK RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DELI SERDANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Cindy Monica ◽  
Aminah. S ◽  
Siti Dalilla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient’S Experience ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Potential Interactions

Background: Infection is one of the top ten diseases in Indonesia, so that antibiotic therapy is quite high. The increasing use of antibiotics may lead to an increase in the use of irrational antibiotics. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are events that are not expected from the patient's experience or are suspected to be due to drug therapy so that they have the potential to interfere with the desired healing success. Objective: This study aims to determine the number of occurrences of DRPs which include dosage inaccuracy, namely under and over dose, indication without drug, drug without indication, potential interactions and inaccuracy of drug selection in inpatient pneumonia treatment for children at the Deli Serdang Regional public hospital. In 2019 Method: This study is retrospective in which data is obtained through secondary data in the form of patient medical records for the period January-December 2019 with a cross-sectional study design. The data collection technique was in the form of total sampling, obtained 50 samples that fit the inclusion criteria. Results: Drung Related Problems (DRPs) research that occurred in the under-dose category of drugs (4.0%), and excessive drug doses (2.0%) and no DRPs (94.0%). This shows that the role of pharmacists is important in monitoring patient drug therapy to minimize the occurrence of DRPs.

scholarly journals Disparity in Maternal Health Services Among the Different Geopolitical Zones in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Umar ◽  
Chinaro Kennedy ◽  
Hebatullah Tawfik ◽  
Daniel M. N. Okenu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Although the use of antenatal and other skilled maternal health delivery services in Nigeria was reported to be on the increase, this research explored whether geopolitical zone of residence and place of domicile are associated with the number of antenatal visits and place of delivery. A quantitative cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey was used to examine the relationship between women’s geopolitical zone of residence, place of domicile (rural/urban), and the number of antenatal visits (categorized as fewer than four or four or more) and delivery (home or health facility). A total of 33,385 women aged 15–49 years were recruited from 888 clusters spread across all the 36 states and the federal capital territory of Nigeria using a stratified two stage proportionate to size cluster design. A higher proportion of women from the South West and North Central zones had made four or more antenatal care visits compared to the other geopolitical zones. The difference was statistically significant even after controlling for differences in education, income, ethnicity, religion, autonomy, and place of domicile (adjusted odd ratio = 2.062; 95% confidence interval [1.897, 2.241]; <em>p </em>< .05). Healthcare policy makers should consider the potential impact of geopolitical zones and place of domicile to enable the development of an all-inclusive strategy to robustly address maternal health services in Nigeria.

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