THE RELATIONS BETWEEN REGULAR ARMY SERVICEMEN, CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND POPULATION IN SIBERIA IN THE 2nd HALF OF 18th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Regular Army

Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-97
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals ALL THE KING’S MAN»: MILITIA IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE STUART AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
D.O. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the history of the British armed forces in the “long” 17th century. The militia was the backbone of England's national military system. The author examines the aspects of the development of the institutions of the modern state during the reign of the Stuart dynasty, traces the process of the development of the militia and the formation of the regular army. He reveals the role of the militia in the political events of the Century of Revolutions: the reign of Charles I, the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Restoration age, the Glorious Revolution, and also gives a retrospective review of the eventsof the 18th century.

scholarly journals Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-39
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. The first part of the article deals with the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe. The second part of the article, which will be published in the next issue, analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII – early XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals The Role Of Chinese Social Organization In The Community Of Singkawang City

Al-Albab ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Hidayat et al. ◽  
Reviewed by: Suhardiman
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Time Served ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

Singkawang is one of the municipalities and part of the Sambas district, second largest after the city of Pontianak in West Kalimantan. Based on the historical records presented in this book, at the end of the 18th century, 40,000 Chinese people mostly of Hakka surnames from Fujian and Guangdong areas migrated to West Kalimantan. They worked as gold miners and paid taxes to the Kingdom of Sambas, until they set up their own kongsi (clan association) as a confederation, where every partnership or association had its own territory, leaders, regulations and legislation as well as law enforcement and regular army. Singkawang city at the time served as a settlement or a village for Chinese immigrants, and here people conducted trading activities, such as selling daily staples, farming and working in the mines. Trading activities in Singkawang were also closely associated with the gold mining business, so Singkawang served as a port for trade.

scholarly journals CLOTHING AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE PERSONNEL OF ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERING UNITS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 18TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Benda
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
New Device ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Made In

Since the early 18th century, signifi cant changes had been made in the military organisation of Russia, after which it received, in almost all respects, a new device, borrowed, in many cases, from European states. To maintain high combat readiness and combativity of the regular army being established, it was necessary to provide it with all necessary types of allowances, including fi nances, uniforms and other belongings. The article considers some problems of organisation of providing the personnel of the Russian army, including the artillery and engineering corps, with such types of allowances as clothing and fi nances, on the basis of previously unknown archival documents stored in the Archive of the Militaryhistorical Museum of artillery, engineering troops and signal troops and other sources. Special attention is paid to the issues of providing with monetary allowances, necessary uniforms and other belongings of employees, privates, non-commissioned offi cers and offi cers of artillery and engineering units. It is concluded that the existing order of proportional formation of the annual budget of the Department of artillery at the expense of one or another part of the income of various provinces and from other places led to chronic underfunding of Artillery Department, which, in turn, made it diffi cult to allocate funds in full for keeping and maintenance of daily life of the artillery and engineering corps. Some archival and other sources are for the fi rst time introduced in the study into scientifi c circulation.

ARMORIAL IMAGES ON PORTRAITS OF THE MILITARY ATAMAN OF THE DON ARMY D. E. EFREMOV AND FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE SOUTHERN RUSSIAN NOBILITY IN THE 18th CENTURY. PART 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Military

The article examines the main heraldic concepts and categories that affect the controversial issues of the topic. Considerable attention is paid to the reasons and conditions for the origin and placement of heraldic and non-heraldic figures on the coat of arms of D.E. Efremov, the nature and content of the heraldic images and their symbolism are considered. The author traces the ideological and heraldic continuity between the family coats of arms of different generations of the Efremovs family, their influence on the formation of region-al noble heraldry. The article analyzes the process of formation of the Don nobility from the first highest awards to individuals to the formation of the ranks and awards of the social corporation of officials through seniority, and its transformation as a result of the policy of Emperor Paul I into the highest estate of the Russian Empire. The article examines the legal framework for the acquisition of the rights and privileges of the hereditary nobility by the Don elders, identifies common and emphasizes different processes from those in the Malorussian and Russian provinces. The article describes new phenomena in the military, political and social life of the Don army in connection with the awards of the ranks of the Russian regular army to the senior officers - this is the restriction of military (ordinary) law and the formation of subordination on the basis of imperial legislation, as well as the creation of a new social hierarchy and military management.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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