THE STUDY OF SEASONAL VERTICAL changes OF GROUND SURFACE IN THE POLAR URAL FOOTHILLS BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND ALOS PALSAR RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

Observations of the deformation of the temporary lining of two tunnels are presented. The Whitemud Creek tunnel was 6.05 m in diameter and was bored through Upper Cretaceous clay shale. The 170 Street tunnel was bored through till and had a diameter of 2.56 m.In the Whitemud Creek tunnel, the vertical diameter decreased by 10–15 mm and the horizontal diameter decreased by 6 mm. Movement was essentially complete in about 3 months. There was a rigid body movement upward of the lining system probably due to unloading of the soil in the invert area. Deformation moduli indicate a softening of the soil around the tunnel, which is consistent with the deformation observations. A finite-element analysis suggests that this softened zone is as important with regard to lining deformation as increasing K0 from 0.67 to 1.0In the 170 Street tunnel, the ground surface showed significant movement despite the small diameter and considerable overburden thickness. The vertical and horizontal diameter decreases were about one half of those of the Whitemud Creek tunnel and were essentially complete in 4–5 weeks. Soil pressures calculated from the observations showed a wide variation. Values derived from lagging deflection yielded a maximum of 63% of overburden pressure whereas pressure cell readings were 3.3% of overburden.It appears that the space between the lagging and the moled surface of the soil is an important factor affecting the magnitude of stresses in the temporary lining. Diameter changes are considered to be the easiest and most reliable observation of tunnel linings. The deflection of the lagging is also simple to observe but may not satisfy simple beam theory. Pressure cell results were disappointing and their use is debatable.

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METHODUCAL APPROACH AND ASSESSMENT OF NOISE IMPACT OF RAIL TRANSPORT ON THE BASIS OF THE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-675-681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 675-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga I. Kopytenkova ◽

D. E. Kurepin ◽

K. B. Fridman ◽

E. B. Kuznetsova

Keyword(s):

Extreme Values ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Railway Transport ◽

Sound Levels ◽

Age Related ◽

Zone Of Influence

The paper presents the results of measurement, prediction and assessment of noise in the territory in the zone of the influence of the railway transport. The railway transport is established to be a source of excess acoustic impact on the environment within the area of sanitary break (100 m). The dependence of the change in noise levels from freight trains at a distance of 100 m from the source and up to 30 m from the ground surface was revealed. Equivalent sound levels in octave bands for the railway section of the model are calculated. Based on the results of field measurements and calculated data, the identification of indices of risk for adverse reactions in the population living in the zone of influence of the Railways was executed. The paper presents results of the calculation of the probability of occurrence of complaints on excessive noise and the likelihood of irritation at the noise, and the results of the calculation of risk indices of pathologies of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The research made it possible to identify the regulatory documentation discrepancy in the definition of the health gap between the line source traffic noise and residential buildings. Field measurements and executed on their basis their modeling of the noise propagation (without obstacles) have shown that on the boundary of the regulatory sanitary protection zone (100m) in the congested section of the railway the noise level of 60-62 dBA is maintained. The risk of irritation to the noise and the likelihood of complaints is assessed as “acceptable”. The risk of pathology of the cardiovascular system is evaluated as “low”. At a distance of 50 m (65 dBA) with bearing in mind age-related changes after 70 years of exposure the risk reaches of extreme values - 0,935. Construction sites located less than 100 m from the railway were shown to fall into the zone of acoustic discomfort. There was substantiated the necessity of resolving differences in regulatory documentation by harmonizing sanitary and technical groups documents regulating methods of measurement, prediction and evaluation of sound levels on the territories in the zone of influence of the Railways.

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RESEARCH OF VERTICAL CHANGES IN ZAKARPATTYA, KIEV AND CHERKASSY REGIONS USING THE METHOD OF RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

10.3997/2214-4609.201903201 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

E. Uglitskih

Keyword(s):

Radar Interferometry ◽

Vertical Changes

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Analysis of the Additional Stress and Ground Settlement Induced by the Construction of Double-O-Tube Shield Tunnels in Sandy Soils

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9071399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wen Zhao ◽

Peng-jiao Jia ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Cheng Cheng ◽

Jianyong Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Surface ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Surface Settlement ◽

Additional Stress ◽

Underground Construction ◽

Shield Tunneling ◽

Engineering Project ◽

Ground Surface Settlement ◽

Potential Damage ◽

Lateral Friction

Double-O-tube shield tunneling has attracted increasing attention because it offers cost-efficiency in underground construction. Prediction of ground surface settlement and the variety of additional stresses induced by shield construction is crucial to underground construction in metropolises since excessive settlement could trigger potential damage to the surrounding environment. The additional stresses induced by the propulsion of double-O-tube shields are calculated by means of the Mindlin’s equations of elasticity. The characteristics of additional stresses are analyzed with compound Gauss-Legendre integral arithmetic, and the frontal additional thrust, the lateral friction, and the ground loss are taken into account. Subsequently, based on field measurements, the maximum settlement coefficient and width of the settlement trough coefficient of the typical Peck formula are modified. The predictive curve of the Peck formula is closer to the engineering measured data than that of the typical formula. The cut-off functions of ground surface settlement caused by double-O-tube tunnel shield construction are proposed and can predict the shape of ground surface settlement, such as single peak or double peak. The correctness of the proposed functions is verified based on an engineering project.

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Monitoring ground surface deformation over the North China Plain using coherent ALOS PALSAR differential interferograms

Journal of Geodesy ◽

10.1007/s00190-012-0595-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 253-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kui Zhang ◽

Linlin Ge ◽

Xiaojing Li ◽

Alex Hay-Man Ng

Keyword(s):

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Surface Deformation ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain

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Vibration Protection of Historical Buildings Located near the Lines of Urban Rail Transport

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 945 ◽

pp. 318-324

Author(s):

Vladimir Smirnov

Keyword(s):

Vibration Isolation ◽

System Analysis ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Railway Track ◽

Soil Pressure ◽

Isolation System ◽

Vibration Isolation System ◽

Analysis And Design

Besides the underground, the second common type of public transport is the tram. Tram lines in Moscow city center, as well as in other cities in Russia, are being renovated and reconstructed. Vibration of the railway track travels through the ground to the foundation of buildings adjacent to tram lines, causing high vibration and structure-borne noise levels inside them. The article presents result of a vibration isolation system analysis and design for a building, located in 37m of the two-lanes tram line. Prior to design procedure, field measurements were made and vibration levels inside the building were recorded. The vibration isolation system design included calculation of soil pressure on the isolation pad and subsequent estimation of the elastomeric pad dynamic modulus. Using this data, the eigenfrequecny of vibration isolation system was derived and its efficiency calculated. After the system maintenance, measurements were made to check the system’s performance. During the measurements acceleration of isolated part of the building and the ground surface were synchronously measured and transfer function derived.

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Estimating Soil Moisture Distributions across Small Farm Fields with ALOS/PALSAR

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2016/4203783 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuki Kojima ◽

Kazuo Oki ◽

Kosuke Noborio ◽

Masaru Mizoguchi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Small Scale ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

Coverage Ratio ◽

Fine Resolution ◽

Soil Moisture Distribution

The ALOS (advanced land observing satellite) has an active microwave sensor, PALSAR (phased array L-band synthetic aperture radar), which has a fine resolution of 6.5 m. Because of the fine resolution, PALSAR provides the possibility of estimating soil moisture distributions in small farmlands. Making such small-scale estimates has not been available with traditional satellite remote sensing techniques. In this study, the relationship between microwave backscattering coefficient (σ) measured with PALSAR and ground-based soil moisture was determined to investigate the performance of PALSAR for estimating soil moisture distribution in a small-scale farmland. On the ground at a cabbage field in Japan in 2008, the soil moisture distribution of multiple soil layers was measured using time domain reflectometry when the ALOS flew over the field. Soil moisture in the 0–20 cm soil layer showed the largest correlation coefficient with σ (r=0.403). The σ values also showed a strong correlation with the ground surface coverage ratio by cabbage plants. Our results suggested that PALSAR could estimate soil moisture distribution of the 0–20 cm soil layer across a bare field and a crop coverage ratio when crops were planted.

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Development of a land deformation model from InSAR: combination with heterogeneous geodetic measurements in the Latrobe Valley (Australia) test site

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1709 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mick Filmer ◽

Paul Johnston ◽

Thomas Fuhrmann ◽

Matt Garthwaite ◽

Alex Woods

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Reference Frame ◽

Test Site ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Local Deformation ◽

Radar Interferometry ◽

Deformation Model ◽

Time And Space ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

Geodetic Measurements

Deformation of the Earth&#8217;s surface affects the maintenance of geodetic infrastructure and its reference frame to support e.g., construction, mineral exploration, telecommunications, and environmental monitoring. As the land deforms, the 3D coordinates of each position will change within the reference frame. Monitoring these changes is particularly challenging for local deformation occurring between GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS), as it is not directly measured. Hence, a deformation model to correct for this deformation is required, using radar interferometry (InSAR) to measure localised deformation occurring between the sparse GNSS CORS. The Australian Intergovernmental Committee for Surveying and Mapping&#8217;s (ICSM&#8217;s) Permanent Committee on Geodesy has recently identified the need for such a deformation model, leading to a project to develop a prototype deformation model combining radar interferometry with other geodetic measurements.We present the first stage of this project where these data are analysed in the Latrobe Valley study area (south east Australia), where we have used 2.7 years (2015-2018) of Sentinel-1 and ~4 years (19 scenes; 2007-2011) of ALOS PALSAR SAR data to provide estimates of line of sight (LOS) velocity and uncertainties. Time series from five local GNSS CORS have been reprocessed in a consistent reference frame (ITRF2014) giving 3D velocities and uncertainties to which the InSAR time series are referenced. The InSAR rates are converted from LOS to vertical within the ITRF2014 reference frame so that the results are comparable to other geodetic measurements. Repeat levelling measurements from 1980 and 2015 and periodic (non-continuous) GNSS measurements were included for 2015.9 - 2018.5, which provided complementary information to constrain the rates in the study area in both time and space. We test methods to combine these data that relate to different time periods, spatial location, temporal and spatial frequency. We find that all of the data contribute to our understanding of deformation in the Latrobe Valley:&#160; GNSS data shows temporal variations at specific sites, InSAR gives information about the spatial variation in deformation, periodic GNSS provides information at additional spatial locations but at limited points in time, and levelling extends the time series several decades into the past. Subsidence rates approaching 30 mm/yr are found near an open cut mining pit, but the deformation is non-linear in time and space across the study area, adding to the challenge of modelling the deformation where the geodetic observations are sparse. An important outcome of the project is to determine which types of observations best constrain the deformation model and how much new data is required.

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Deteksi Tinggi Vegetasi di Delta Mahakam dengan Penginderaan Jauh

Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia ◽

10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i3.212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Nanin Anggraini ◽

Atriyon Julzarika

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Digital Terrain Model ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Surface Model ◽

Geoid Model ◽

Alos Palsar ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Vertical Accuracy ◽

Mahakam Delta

Detection of Vegetation Height in Mahakam Delta Using Remote Sensing. The vegetation height is a vertical distance between top of the vegetation to ground surface. Vegetation height is one of the parameters for vegetation growth. There are various methods to measure vegetation height; one of them is the use of remote sensing technology. This study aims to map vegetation height in Mahakam Delta by using height models derived from remote sensing data. Such models are Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM). DSM was generated using a combination of interferometric processing of ALOS PALSAR interferometry, X-SAR, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and geodetic height of Icesat/GLAS satellite imagery. This integration technique incorporated the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) method. The geoid model used in this study was EGM 2008. The following step was the correction of height errors of DSM. Terrain correction was undertaken to convert DSM into DTM, while vegetation heights were obtained from subtraction of DSM and DTM. Vertical accuracy verification refers to a tolerance of 1.96σ (95%) or ~80 cm. In DSM, a vertical accuracy value of 60.4 cm was obtained so that the DSM is feasible for mapping with scale of 1: 10,000, while the DTM was 37 cm so it is also applicable for mapping with such scale. Based on the subtraction of DSM and DTM, the vegetation heights in Mahakam Delta varied between 0 and 64 m.

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