Cellulose fiber enzymatic modification to improve the softness, strength, and absorption properties of tissue papers

Effects of enzymatic modification were evaluated in bleached Eucalyptus kraft and sulfite cellulosic pulps, separately, to improve key tissue paper properties and design new Eucalyptus fiber applications. Different cellulase dosages (0.01 mg and 0.1 mg of enzyme/g of pulp) and reaction times (30 min and 60 min) were used to modify the fibers and replace the traditional mechanical based refining or beating process. The results showed that for enzymatic modified kraft and sulfite pulps, the softness properties were improved by 1 and 2 units, respectively, for each unit of decreased strength properties. To achieve a balance between the tissue properties, the different fiber pulp furnishes that contained 80% of the enzymatically treated kraft pulp and 20% of the sulfite pulp with and without enzymatic treatment, were studied. Overall, the structures made with these mixtures presented softness properties in the commercial range (57.8 to 74.4), improved absorption properties (107 mm to 120 mm of capillary rise), and good strength properties (13.0 to 17.7 N.m/g). This study was conducted in order to adjust the fiber furnishes according to industrial tissue standards, using one Eucalyptus fiber type providing strength and another providing softness.

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SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079061 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 308-309

Author(s):

K. W. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Tension Wood ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Fiber Morphology ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Hardwood Trees ◽

Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

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Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.10.643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 643-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽

HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽

RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽

ASHOK GHOSH ◽

PETER W. HART

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Pulp Viscosity ◽

Softwood Pulp ◽

The Impact ◽

Multiple recycling of paperboard: Paperboard characteristics and maximum number of recycling cycles— Part I: Multiple recycling of corrugated base paper

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.11.631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 631-638

Author(s):

FREDERIC KREPLIN ◽

HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽

SAMUEL SCHABEL

Keyword(s):

Compression Test ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Corrugated Board ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Base Paper ◽

Study Results ◽

Short Span ◽

Multiple Recycling

Paper for recycling is an important fiber source for the production of corrugated base paper. The change in production capacity toward more and more packaging papers affects the composition of paper for recycling and influences the paper quality. This research project investigated the influence of the multiple recycling of five different corrugated base papers (kraftliner, neutral sulfite semichemical [NSSC] fluting, corrugating medium, testliner 2, and testliner 3) on suspension and strength properties under laboratory conditions. The corrugated board base papers were repulped in a low consistency pulper and processed into Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheets. The sheets were then recycled up to 15 times in the same process. In each cycle, the suspension and the paper properties were recorded. In particular, the focus was on corrugated board-specific parameters, such as short-span compression test, ring crush test, corrugating medium test, and burst. The study results indicate how multiple recycling under laboratory conditions affects fiber and paper properties.

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Strength Properties of Composite Board Materials Based on Ligno-Cellulose Fiber, Modified by Steam Explosion Treatment

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.986 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 986-992

Author(s):

Dmitry B. Prosvirnikov ◽

Nail F. Timerbaev ◽

Zulfiya G. Sattarova

Keyword(s):

Steam Explosion ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Wood Pulp ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Cellulosic Material ◽

Composite Board ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The article presents the results of using activated lingo-cellulosic material, obtained by the method of steam explosion treatment, as the basis for the production of composite pressed boards without a binder. The influence of steam explosion treatment modes on the physical and chemical properties of the wood pulp product and the strength properties of the resulting board materials is considered.

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Dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets of softwood kraft pulps modified to minimize the need for refining

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2018-3037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hafizur Rahman ◽

Per Engstrand ◽

Peter Sandström ◽

Björn Sjöstrand

Keyword(s):

Energy Levels ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Paper Machine ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Tissue Paper ◽

Hemicellulose Content ◽

Tensile Index

Abstract Previous paper (Rahman et al. 2017) showed that the yield of softwood kraft pulp increased by the addition of either polysulfide or sodium borohydride because of higher hemicellulose retention. An increase in hemicellulose content can make dewatering more difficult as WRV of the pulp increases, but instead, an overall increase in pulp yield could improve dewatering as a sheet of a certain weight will contain fewer fibres, giving a more open sheet structure. It was therefore of interest to measure the dewatering properties of low grammage handsheets (20 g/m2) under conditions mimicking the tissue paper machine dewatering processes, and sheet strength properties, WRV, °SR and fibre dimensions were also studied. The results showed that the positive influence of overall yield increase dominated over the negative influence of an increase in hemicellulose content on the dewatering properties, particularly at lower refining energy levels. Moreover, higher yield and higher hemicellulose content pulps had a higher tensile index at the same dryness. A given tensile index was achieved with less refining energy. The results indicate that increased yield and hemicellulose content by modification of the kraft pulping process will result in a pulp with a potential to improve tissue paper quality.

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Analysis Performance of Protein Modified Cellulose Fiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.139 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 821-822 ◽

pp. 139-143

Author(s):

Li Yang ◽

Song Mei Bi ◽

Lei Zhou ◽

Ying Feng Wang

Keyword(s):

Moisture Absorption ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Fiber Morphology ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Protein Fiber ◽

Degree Of Orientation ◽

Ft Ir

In order to compare differences between the structure and properties of pupa protein fiber and rousi fiber ,test morphology and molecular structure of fiber by using optical microscope, X ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) . The results show that:the two kinds of fiber morphology consistent with the ordinary viscose, the pupa protein fiber crystallinity and degree of orientation are higher than the rousi fiber, and rousi fibers contain small amounts of metal elements, the pupa protein fiber mechanical properties, moisture absorption properties and heat resistance are superior to rousi fiber.

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Study of the mechanical behavior of recycled fibers. Applications to papers and paperboards.

10.31237/osf.io/46w8m ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Imtiaz Ali

Keyword(s):

Surface Friction ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

X Rays ◽

Paper Strength ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Recycled Pulp ◽

Fibre Width

Incorporation of recycled fibres in high value paper products can reduce cost and environmental loads. Papermaking potential of cellulosic fibres decreases with recycling. The phenomenon of fibre hornification during pressing and drying is normally held responsible for the loss in strength. To study the impacts of recycling on pulp, fibre and paper properties some non conventional characterisation techniques like fibre saturation point, X-rays microtomography, environmental scanning electron microscopic observations, atomic forcemicroscope (PeakForce QNM mode) and inverse size exclusion chromatography(ISEC) were used. In order to achieve good reproducibility of ISEC measurements,a semi-automatic column fabrication pilot system was built. The techniques were first validated on refining process before being applied to the recycling process. In this study, it was found that fibre hornification alone cannot fully explain loss in strength during recycling. The loss in strength is much more complex and it is required to understand the morphological and ultrastructural changes associated with recycling. Fibre width, cell wall thickness,curl, kink, irregularities decreased during recycling. Fibre became hard and brittle in dry state. Number of weak points in the fibre wall were increased initially and in the later recyclings. The increase in wet breaking length indicates increased surface friction and capillary forces with recycling. Decrease in bonded area during first recycle may be caused by the loss of fines and fibre flexibility whereas the increase afterwards may be linked to the lumen collapse.The strength of fibres did not decrease with recycling as shown by zero-span breaking lengths therefore the quality of bond may be deteriorated. It was thought that the partially delaminated P/S1 layers may be responsible for the loss of paper strength. It is suggested since the significant change is associated with the pressing and drying of never dried pulp therefore the drying process needs to be revisited. The delaminated layer should be restored so as to increase the recyclability of the recovered fibres for high value paper. Influence of recycled pulp blends on physical properties of paper was also studied. It was revealed that small quantity of recycled pulp can be used without significantly affecting the mechanical strength properties.

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Computational Simulation Tools to Support the Tissue Paper Furnish Management: Case Studies for the Optimization of Micro/Nano Cellulose Fibers and Polymer-Based Additives

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13223982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 3982

Author(s):

Flávia P. Morais ◽

Ana M. M. S. Carta ◽

Maria E. Amaral ◽

Joana M. R. Curto

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Fiber Modification ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Tissue Paper ◽

Nano Cellulose ◽

End Use

Tissue paper production frequently combines two main types of raw materials: cellulose fibers from renewable sources and polymer-based additives. The development of premium products with improved properties and functionalities depends on the optimization of both. This work focused on the combination of innovative experimental and computational strategies to optimize furnish. The main goal was to improve the functional properties of the most suitable raw materials for tissue materials and develop new differentiating products with innovative features. The experimental plan included as inputs different fiber mixtures, micro/nano fibrillated cellulose, and biopolymer additives, and enzymatic and mechanical process operations. We present an innovative tissue paper simulator, the SimTissue, that we have developed, to establish the correlations between the tissue paper process inputs and the end-use paper properties. Case studies with industrial interest are presented in which the tissue simulator was used to design tissue paper materials with different fiber mixtures, fiber modification treatments, micro/nano fibrillated cellulose, and biopolymer formulations, and to estimate tissue softness, strength, and absorption properties. The SimTissue was able to predict and optimize a broader range of formulations containing micro/nanocellulose fibers, biopolymer additives, and treated-fiber mixtures, saving laboratory and industrial resources.

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The effect of pozzolan addition on the physical and mechanical properties of lime mortar

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184900009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 00009

Author(s):

Przemysław Brzyski

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Capillary Rise ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Diffusion Resistance ◽

Natural Form ◽

Water Absorption Coefficient ◽

Lime Mortar ◽

Alkaline Reaction

Hydrated lime, due to its life cycle (return to the natural form as a result of binding and hardening) shows a positive ecological aspect. The binder is often used in building materials based on plant components due to the high alkaline reaction and low diffusion resistance, as well as in mortars and plasters. However, it is an air binder with low strength parameters and the process of its binding and hardening is long-lasting. One of the ways to accelerate the binding processes and also to increase the strength of the binder is the use of additives in the form of pozzolanic materials which react with calcium hydroxide and form compounds with hydraulic properties. These are natural materials or industrial waste, so they do not affect the environmental impact of lime binder. The article presents the influence of the addition of pozzolan (three types) in various weight amounts, on the strength properties of mortars, their absorbability and capillary rise (presented as water absorption coefficient). The influence of pozzolan presence on workability of fresh mortars - their consistency was also checked.

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De-esterification and sulfonation in spruce CTMP: Effects on pulp and paper properties

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2006.056 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 355-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jonas Konn ◽

Lari Vähäsalo ◽

Andrey Pranovich ◽

Bjarne Holmbom

Keyword(s):

Chemical Reactions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Middle Lamella ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Alkaline Peroxide ◽

Chemithermomechanical Pulping ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract De-esterification and sulfonation reactions, which create new anionic groups in the middle lamella and primary wall layers, are the key chemical reactions in chemithermomechanical pulping. The effects of these reactions on the resulting fibre dimensions, refining energy demand, hand-sheet bulk and strength properties were assessed by laboratory-scale chemical pre-treatments and refining of Norway spruce chips. After pre-treatments with alkaline, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors, a Wing defibrator-type batch refiner was used. The refining energy was measured. The degree of alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl and methyl ester groups in galactoglucomannans (GGMs) and pectins, and the degree of lignin sulfonation were determined. Hand-sheets were prepared and their physical properties were tested. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis and the order of significance of the chemical reactions towards pulp and paper properties was estimated. Chemical pre-treatments were found to increase the fibre length and the energy demand considerably. The fibre length and width after refining were strongly influenced by lignin sulfonation and pectin demethylation. GGM deacetylation had little influence on preserving the fibre dimensions in CTMP refining. The bulk, on the other hand, was highly influenced by GGM deacetylation. Peroxide reactions in alkaline peroxide treatments had no effect on the pulp and paper properties.

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