scholarly journals Research status and future development of biomass liquid fuels

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4523-4543
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Junling Yang ◽  
Huafu Zhang ◽  
Zhentao Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Materials Used

Due to the combined pressures of energy shortage and environmental degradation, bio-liquid fuels have been widely studied as a green, environmentally friendly, renewable petroleum alternative. This article summarizes the various technologies of three generations of biomass feedstocks (especially the second-generation, biomass lignin, and the third-generation, algae raw materials) used to convert liquid fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuel) and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this article details the latest research progress in biomass liquid fuel production, summarizes the list of raw materials, products and conversion processes, and provides personal opinions on its future development. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimization of existing technology and future research and development of biomass liquid fuels.

A review on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Ouyang ◽  
Xianyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Future Research Directions

In order to review the most effective ways to improve the mechanical properties of composite T-beams and further increase their application potential, research progress on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams was summarized based on two-dimensional (2-D) ply structure composite T-beams, delamination resistance enhanced 2-D ply structure T-beams, and three-dimensional (3-D) textile structural composite T-beams; future research directions for composite T-beams were also considered. From existing literature, the research status and application bottlenecks of 2-D ply structure composite T-beams and T-beams with enhanced delamination resistance performance were described, as were the specific classification, research progress, and mechanical properties of 3-D textile structural composite T-beams. In addition, the superior mechanical properties of 3-D braided textile structural composite T-beams, specifically their application potential based on excellent delamination resistance capacity, were highlighted. Future research directions for composite T-beams, that is, the applications of high-performance raw materials, locally enhanced design, structural blending enhancement, functionality, and intelligence are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Graphene-Based Materials on Flexible Supercapacitors

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Yongquan Du ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Jian Yuan ◽  
Jianwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Flexible Electrodes ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Flexible Supercapacitors ◽  
Materials Used

With the development of wearable and flexible electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for new types of flexible energy storage power supplies. The flexible supercapacitor has the advantages of fast charging and discharging, high power density, long cycle life, good flexibility, and bendability. Therefore, it exhibits great potential for use in flexible electronics. In flexible supercapacitors, graphene materials are often used as electrode materials due to the advantages of their high specific surface area, high conductivity, good mechanical properties, etc. In this review, the classification of flexible electrodes and some common flexible substrates are firstly summarized. Secondly, we introduced the advantages and disadvantages of five graphene-based materials used in flexible supercapacitors, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene fibers (GFbs), graphene films (GFs), graphene hydrogels (GHs), and graphene aerogels (GAs). Then, we summarized the latest developments in the application of five graphene-based materials for flexible electrodes. Finally, the defects and outlooks of GQDs, GFbs, GFs, GHs, and GAs used in flexible electrodes are given.

scholarly journals Current overview of carbon fiber: Toward green sustainable raw materials

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7234-7259
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shenglin Chen ◽  
Yonghao Ni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Spinning ◽  
And Performance

Lignin, as a potential precursor of carbon fiber, has the characteristics of abundant reserves, renewable and high carbon content, and its application in the preparation of carbon fibers has substantial cost advantages if some important processing and quality hurdles can be overcome. This paper reviews the preparation process of lignin-based carbon fibers, and moreover, describes the characteristics of carbon fiber prepared by different precursors compared with the presently used precursors. Three preparation methods for lignin-based carbon fibers are introduced: melt spinning, solution spinning, and electrospinning. The applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of the three preparation methods are analyzed from the aspects of process conditions and performance characteristics. Possible directions for future research are considered, with the goal of providing a reference for further study of lignin-based carbon fibers.

scholarly journals Study on Selective Pyrolysis of Biomass for Production of Upgraded Bio-Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Ye ◽  
Xuejiao Lei ◽  
Caixia Wang ◽  
Qionghui Li ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Chemical Preparation ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Specific Biomass ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Specific Technology

Biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction to obtain biological oil is a mixture of water and hundreds of organic compounds, can be used as liquid fuel or chemical raw materials used in different fields. In order to increase the application value of the bio-oil, on the one hand, the biological oil can be refined, on the other hand can target specific biomass raw materials, selective control pyrolysis reaction process, thereby gaining specific high grade oil. With the improvement of catalyst preparation, a variety of new king of catalysts were introduced to the field of biomass pyrolysis. Recently, some researches had reported that some chemicals can be selectively promoted by introducing specific technology during pyrolysis process. Using this technology, chemical-riched liquid would be produced and the following purification process would be greatly simplified. Hence, developing new kind of technique with high selectivity to realize a variety of chemical preparation will be an inexorable trend in the field of biomass pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Titanium-Based Hip Stems with Drug Delivery Functionality through Additive Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin B. Bezuidenhout ◽  
Dimitar M. Dimitrov ◽  
Anton D. van Staden ◽  
Gert A. Oosthuizen ◽  
Leon M. T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prosthetic Implants ◽  
Hip Stems ◽  
Materials Used

Postoperative infections are a major concern in patients that receive implants. These infections generally occur in areas with poor blood flow and pathogens do not always respond to antibiotic treatment. With the latest developments in nanotechnology, the incorporation of antibiotics into prosthetic implants may soon become a standard procedure. The success will, however, depend on the ability to control the release of antibiotics at concentrations high enough to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Through additive manufacturing, antibiotics can be incorporated into cementless femoral stems to produce prosthetic devices with antimicrobial properties. With the emerging increase in resistance to antibiotics, the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds other than antibiotics, preferably drugs with a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, will have to be explored. This review highlights the microorganisms associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA), discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the latest materials used in hip implants, compares different antimicrobial agents that could be incorporated, and addresses novel ideas for future research.

scholarly journals Renewable CO2 recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 12212-12219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Patterson ◽  
Frode Mo ◽  
Andreas Borgschulte ◽  
Magne Hillestad ◽  
Fortunat Joos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
Co2 Recycling

A massive reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning is required to limit the extent of global warming. However, carbon-based liquid fuels will in the foreseeable future continue to be important energy storage media. We propose a combination of largely existing technologies to use solar energy to recycle atmospheric CO2 into a liquid fuel. Our concept is clusters of marine-based floating islands, on which photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy to produce H2 and to extract CO2 from seawater, where it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere. These gases are then reacted to form the energy carrier methanol, which is conveniently shipped to the end consumer. The present work initiates the development of this concept and highlights relevant questions in physics, chemistry, and mechanics.

Research Progress on Pulverized Coal Concentration Detection Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Wu ◽  
Tian-Hu Wang ◽  
Jin Hua ◽  
He-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dust Detection

Background: Pulverized coal detection is an indispensable detection measure in the coal industry. The current detection devices can be divided into two types: invasive and non-invasive. The coal dust detection methods and devices based on acoustics, optics, and electricity have been extensively studied. In order to achieve a high-efficiency online detection scheme, improving the accuracy and stability of the detection means is the primary goal of the research. Objective: The general problems and characteristics of coal dust detection device design are summarized, as well as recent technological developments and the needs for online testing to predict future research trends. Methods: The current typical detection devices are classified according to the detection principle and whether they invade the target, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages according to the device performance and application scenarios. Results: It has a beneficial effect on the design of the pulverized coal concentration detection device. Conclusion: The paper summarizes and analyzes several representative coal concentration detection device patents in recent years. Then it points out advantages and main problems. On this basis, the main development direction of the coal dust concentration detection device in the future is discussed.

scholarly journals Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Olga Maslova ◽  
Olga Senko ◽  
Argam Akopyan ◽  
Sergey Lysenko ◽  
Alexander Anisimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
4S Pathway ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Hybrid Technologies ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

In this paper, the current advantages and disadvantages of using metal-containing nanocatalysts (NCs) for deep chemical oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels are reviewed. A similar analysis is performed for the oxidative biodesulfurization of oil along the 4S-pathway, catalyzed by various aerobic bacterial cells of microorganisms. The preferences of using NCs for the oxidation of organic sulfur-containing compounds in various oil fractions seem obvious. The text discusses the development of new chemical and biocatalytic approaches to ODS, including the use of both heterogeneous NCs and anaerobic microbial biocatalysts that catalyze the reduction of chemically oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in the framework of methanogenesis. The addition of anaerobic biocatalytic stages to the ODS of liquid fuel based on NCs leads to the emergence of hybrid technologies that improve both the environmental characteristics and the economic efficiency of the overall process. The bioconversion of sulfur-containing extracts from fuels with accompanying hydrocarbon residues into biogas containing valuable components for the implementation of C-1 green chemistry processes, such as CH4, CO2, or H2, looks attractive for the implementation of such a hybrid process.

scholarly journals Liquid Fuel Production by Zeolite-A Catalyzed Pyrolysis of Mixed Cassava Solid Waste and Rubber Seed Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Wasinton Simanjuntak ◽  
Kamisah Delilawati Pandiangan ◽  
Zipora Sembiring ◽  
Agustina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content

In this investigation, a mixture of cassava solid waste and rubber seed oil was subjected to pyrolysis for liquid fuel production. A series of pyrolysis experiments was conducted with fixed composition of 50 g cassava solid waste and 150 mL rubber seed oil. The experiments were conducted using zeolite-A synthesized from rice husk silica and aluminum metal through sol-gel route and subsequently calcined at different temperatures as catalyst. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcination temperatures of the catalyst on the chemical composition of the liquid fuel obtained. The pyrolysis experiment was commenced at room temperature and allowed to reach peak temperature of 350°C, and the composition of liquid fuel produced was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results of GC-MS analyses reveal that liquid fuels composed of a series of organic compounds, broadly belong to hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ketone, aldehyde, and acid. The results also display significant effect of the calcination temperatures of the catalyst on the composition of the liquid. For hydrocarbon contents in particular, the fuel with the highest hydrocarbon content of 90% was obtained using the catalyst calcined at 800°C, suggesting that the use of the particular catalyst is the optimum condition. Based on the hydrocarbon content of the liquid fuels, it is concluded that the zeolites exhibited considerably high ability to enhance the formation of hydrocarbon and simultaneously suppress the formation of oxygenated compounds.

Review of Portable Basic Life Support Equipment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shuai Ma ◽  
Bin Fan ◽  
Haojun Fan ◽  
Shike Hou
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Development Course

Abstract In this article, the development course and current research status of physiological information monitoring equipment are briefly reviewed and analyzed. The research progress of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) equipment at home and abroad, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of existing CPR equipment, are the main points of discussion. This article discusses the design feasibility and technical points of the portable integrated basic life support machine, based on existing equipment and technology, and summarizes possible interesting future research directions.

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