scholarly journals Enterprise research and development activity in Poland in com-parison to Eurozone countries

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gostkowska-Drzewicka ◽  
Ewa Majerowska
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beta Convergence

During the years 2000-2018, the number of enterprises conducting research and development activity in Poland was increasing systematically, thus the expenditures on research and development were increasing as well. The impact of R&D activity on the level of innovation of both enterprises and entire economies is related to objective and subjective structure of these expenditures which means that is not connected only with the value of the expenditures for its financing. The purpose of this paper is to present the level of expenditures on R&D in the business enterprise sector in Poland, in comparison to Eurozone countries and to analyze the convergence of value of these expenditures in Poland. The authors of the article used description and analysis of the statistical data obtained from the EUROSTAT and the GUS (General Statistical Office in Poland) statistics and estimation of econometric models and testing the occurrence of sigma and beta convergence. Based on the results we state that the key issue is to further activate Polish enterprises within the sphere of research and development, because Poland, in comparison with Eurozone countries, ranks within the group of countries with low expenditures on research and development and with structures characteristic of less prosperous economies. The study allowed determination of occurrence of sigma and beta convergence in Poland, in comparison with the Eurozone countries.

Determination of integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodating the evacuated population in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097028
Author(s):  
Yernar Zh Akimbayev ◽  
Zhumabek Kh Akhmetov ◽  
Murat S Kuanyshbaev ◽  
Arman T Abdykalykov ◽  
Rashid V Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country’s security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district’s resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods.

Business Enterprise and the Great Depression in Brazil: A Study of Profits and Losses in Textile Manufacturing

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Haber
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article employs previously unused accounting data and manuscript censuses to determine the impact of the Great Depression on Brazil's most important cotton textile manufacturers. It argues that the Great Depression, when viewed at the level of the individual business enterprise, had far more serious consequences than the previous literature, which relied on aggregate statistical data, suggests. The analysis presented here leads to the conclusion that Brazil's major cotton firms were in serious trouble prior to the 1929 Crash and that they took longer to recover than most other studies of Brazilian industrialization have indicated.

scholarly journals Influence of circuit breaker replacement on power station reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
Dragan Stevanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Janjic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Minimal Path ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Reliability Calculation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Replacement Time

In this paper, the new methodology for the determination of circuit breakers (CB) replacement time has been proposed. The methodology is based on statistical analysis of condition monitored data and the impact on substation reliability. Influence of CB removal on substations reliability is presented together with cost justification of such investment. Using statistical data of 427 CBs gathered in past 10 years, Weibull probability distribution of contact resistance for breakers on both overhead and underground feeders and voltage levels of 35 kV and 10 kV is determined. Substations reliability is calculated using minimal path and minimal cuts method. With this methodology influence of CB?s condition on substations reliability can be observed by using real field data. Example of calculation is shown on 35/10 kV substation. Substation reliability calculation is carried out for 5 different scenarios of CB removal with their expenses. At the end, discounted investment costs for each action and period of 5 years are calculated and are shown in table. For this substation final results are showing best scenario with removal CB?s on power transformers.

scholarly journals Network of Radon Gas Concentration Monitoring of Research and Development Centre – BMKG for Earthquake Precursor Research in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Agustya Adi Martha ◽  
Angga Setiyo Prayogo ◽  
Jimmi Nugraha ◽  
Suliyanti Pakpahan ◽  
Nelly Florida Riama
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Earthquake Precursors ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Development Centre ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Abstract The geographical position of Indonesia, which is flanked by several subduction zones and the presence of active faults in the sea and land make Indonesian territory prone to earthquakes and tsunamis which can result in many deaths and damaged. There are several efforts we can do to minimize the occurrence of earthquakes, including developing earthquake resistant buildings, increasing the ability/capacity of the community, and predicting earthquakes or better known as earthquake precursors. The BMKG Research Centre began conducting research on earthquake prediction using several methods, including the Radon monitoring method. Monitoring of Radon gas concentrations for earthquake precursors has several advantages, including the presence of radioactive gas which is abundant in ground water that has a half-life of 3.2 days. Radon is the result of decay of uranium 278U which is abundant in the earth’s crust rock so that when rock friction occurs, the Radon gas can be detached. Based on the results of Radon monitoring at Tadulako and Palolo stations - Southeast Sulawesi province, there was a change in the pattern of radon gas concentration and water level rising up and down drastically and a gradual decrease in ground water temperature before the earthquake on 28 September 2018. In addition to Central Sulawesi, since 2012 the Centre for Research and Development of BMKG has been conducting research to monitor radon gas concentrations in the DI Yogyakarta region precisely in Piyungan and Pundong districts with the aim of monitoring radon gas concentrations in the Opak fault. In 2021, the BMKG Research and Development Centre added a new radon gas monitoring network in the active fault areas of Cimandiri and Lembang in the West Java province. There are 1 station in the Cimandiri fault segment and 2 stations in the Lembang fault section. It is hoped that in the future the results of monitoring can reduce the impact caused by the earthquake disaster in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The impact of research and development activity on the TFP level in manufacturing in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz ◽  
Maria M. Grzelak ◽  
Iwona Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Research background: The paper presents the issue of total factor productivity in the manufacturing industry in Poland. It has been assumed that total factor productivity (TFP) is a synthetic measure of efficiency of the production process and a measure of the impact of technical progress on the rate of economic growth. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the differentiation in the level of total factor productivity (TFP) occurring among the Section C manufacturing divisions in Poland. In particular, the paper raises the issue of measuring and analysing the relationship between expenditure on research and development and the level of TFP in manufacturing divisions in Poland. Methods: In the presented research, the TFP level was determined by using the two-factor Cobb-Douglas production function, while econometric panel models were used to assess the studied relationship. Findings & Value added: The presented considerations show that manufacturing divisions in Poland are diversified in terms of total factor productivity. Generally, manufacturing divisions with high R&D intensity, i.e. divisions classified as so-called high-tech ones, are characterised by a high TFP level. The econometric analysis carried out allows us to conclude that expenditure on R&D incurred in manufacturing enterprises significantly affects the level of TFP.

scholarly journals Resource Intensity vs. Investment in Production Installations—The Case of the Steel Industry in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Włodzimierz Sroka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Coke Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Resource Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Resource intensity is a measure of the resources needed for the production, processing and disposal of good or services. Its level decides on the costs the companies have to bear both for production and for environmental protection, which in turn have a crucial importance for their competitiveness. Given these facts, our study analyses the issues of resource intensity in the Polish steel industry in correlation to investments made, and more specifically, to the impact of investments on the consumption of energy media used during steel production. Its key element is the development of econometric models presenting the impact of investments on resource consumption in steel production in Poland. Electricity and coke consumption were analysed according to manufacturing installation. The research was carried out on the basis of statistical data for the period of 2004–2018. The obtained findings confirmed the impact of the increase in investment on the decrease in the resource intensity in steel production in Poland. These facts have implications for both policy makers, as they confirm the thesis on a direct correlation between investments in technology and a reduction in resource intensity (environmental protection), as well as company managers. In the case of the latter, the data show the actions which companies should focus on in their activities.

Manajemen PR dalam Publikasi Produk Melalui Media Sosial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-340
Author(s):  
Teguh Wiguna Yusuf ◽  
Dang Eif Saeful Amin ◽  
Ratna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
West Java ◽  
Regional Division ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Management Functions

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen publikasi produk yang dilakukan oleh PR Perum Perhutani divisi regional Jawa Barat dan Banten sehingga manajemen yang dikelolanya itu bisa berhasil dan sukses dilakukan tanpa adanya hambatan yang berarti sehingga bisa mengganggu keberlangsungan publikasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep dari Menurut Cutlip-Center-Broom (Morrisan, 2008 : 108), yaitu terdapat empat fungsi manajemen, yaitu “(1)penentuan masalah (2)perencanaan (3)pelaksanaan (4)evaluasi”. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif serta menggunakan metode fenomenologi dan untuk mengumpulkan data penulis melakukan wawancara serta observasi. Hasil yang penulis dapat ketika melakukan penelitian adalah dalam penentuan masalah menentukan pembuatan publikasi produk, persetujuan oleh direksi. Perencanaannya dengan menunggu anggaran dana, menentukan konsep dan kesiapan produk. Pelaksanaannya yakni menggunakan media sosial instagram dan facebook untuk publikasi produk, kerjasama antar berbagai pihak, lalu penempatan dan pembaharuan. Dengan demikian evaluasinya semua aspek internal, analisis memakai data statistic dan koreksi pada publikasi ini apakah dikenal dan diminati oleh masyarakat atau tidak.  Kata Kunci: Manajemen PR; Publikasi; Media Sosial ABSTRACT The research was conducted aimed at finding out how the management of product publications was carried out by PR Perum Perhutani, the regional division of West Java and Banten so that the management they managed could succeed and succeed without any significant obstacles that could disrupt the continuity of the publication. This study uses the concept of According to Cutlip-Center-Broom (Morris, 2008: 108), namely there are four management functions, namely "(1) determination of the problem (2) planning (3) implementation (4) evaluation". The approach used is a qualitative approach and uses the phenomenology method and to collect data the author conducts interviews and observations. The results that the author can when conducting research are in determining the problem of determining the manufacture of product publications, approval by the directors. Planning by waiting for the budget, determining the concept and product readiness. The implementation is using Instagram social media and Facebook for product publication, collaboration between various parties, then placement and renewal. Thus the evaluation of all internal aspects, the analysis uses statistical data and corrections to this publication whether or not it is known and sought by the public. Keywords: PR Management; Publication; Social media

scholarly journals Analysis of the level of technical development of mobile lifts with working platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Igor Kyrychenko ◽  
Oleksandr Reznikov ◽  
Yurii Rukavyshnikov ◽  
Anton Knyshenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Problem. Currently, there are about 150 manufacturers of mobile lifts with working platforms (MLWP), which constantly design and introduce into production new machines with expanded capabilities. Therefore, there is a need to determine the level of technical development of MLWP, which is not possible without the analysis of statistical data of their nomenclature depending on the classification features and operational parameters. Goal. The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of classification features and operational parameters of MLWP on the level of their technical development. Methodology. The analytical methods of studying the statistical data were used. The methods of mathematical modulation were used to develop the general trend of the jib MLWP technical level. Results. As a result of the analysis the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the height of rise of the working platform depending on the weight of the machine, the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the magnitude of the working platform horizontal reach, and the general trend of the technical level of the jib MLWP by the height of rise of the working platform depending on the working platform horizontal reach were obtained. Originality. The telescopic and articulated lifts are usually considered as separate groups, although they have much in common, because at least one section of the jib of modern articulated lifts consists of retractable (telescopic) sections, so during the statistical analysis of the MLWP technical level, these machines were considered as a single group of jib machines. Practical value. With the help of the obtained statistical dependences of the jib MLWP technical level on the technological parameters of the machine, it is possible to assess the technical development of both an individual machine and a group of MLWP with the determination of trends for further development.

scholarly journals Analysis of knowledge-based economy impact on economic development in the European Union countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Edyta Dworak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Directions of changes in the world economy occurring in recent years show the transition from industrial era economy to knowledge-based economy. Increasing investments in fixed assets is no longer a sufficient way of ensuring permanent economic growth. Research-development activity, innovation and human capital become decisive factors of development. As an essential determinant of the innovativeness level of individual economies are considered expenditures on research and development designed to conduct basic, applied research and development activities as well as effects of these research appearing in the form of innovations. The objective of the article is to analyze correlative connections between the two main variables describing knowledge-based economy, that is between the share of R&D expenditures in GDP and R&D expenditures per capita, and the remaining characteristics of knowledge - based economy. Another aim of the article is to assess the impact of these two variables on the basic macroeconomic indicators in the European Union countries, and, connected with them, to analyze the impact of knowledge-based economy on economic development of these countries.

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