scholarly journals “Kapsukism” and the “Angarietists”: The Conflict between Leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania in 1926–1927

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Marius Ėmužis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Matter

From about 1923 onwards, two leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL), Zigmas Aleksa-Angarietis and Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, began to disagree on the tactics and direction of the party. In 1925–1926, because of the workload in the Comintern apparatus and the subsequent illness of V. Kapsukas, Z. Angarietis began to dominate in CPL matters and isolated V. Kapsukas from decision-making within the CPL and information pertaining to it. When V. Kapsukas recovered from his illness, he sought to recover his positions and wrote an appeal to the Comintern Executive Committee, asking the committee to resolve the conflict. Because of this, the conflict got more personal: both individuals started to gather supporters, initiating a power struggle for leadership positions, while the conflict itself, beginning with a disagreement about tactics, evolved into a personal matter. The Comintern formed a commission to resolve the conflict, but they took a balancing position: the commission wanted to maintain the status quo, but instead managed only to delay and not resolve the conflict.

Politics of Nature: The board game

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Jakob Raffn ◽  
Frederik Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Political Ontology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Ideation ◽  
Politics Of Nature

Here we introduce the board game Politics of Nature, or PoN as it is now known. Inspired by the work of Bruno Latour, PoN offers an alternative take on co-existence by implementing a flat political ontology in a gamified meeting protocol. PoN does not suggest that humans have no special abilities, only that humans at the outset, are bestowed with no more rights than other kinds of beings. Designed to enable people of all walks of life to playfully unpack and resolve controversies, PoN provides a space where beings can have their existence renegotiated. The aim of PoN is to play as a team to explore and decide on potential good common worlds in which more indispensable beings can exist than if the status quo is continued. By playing PoN iteratively through rounds, each having four stages, the players gradually construct PoN - a planet mirroring ‘real worlds’. The four stages provide a novel combination of identification, representation, meditation, prioritization, mapping, individual and group ideation, proposal formulation, and decision-making; only to ask the players to challenge and change PoN to fit their requirements after each round. What follows is taken directly from the manual.

The status quo tendency in decision making

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Silver ◽  
Terence R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status

Women at Leadership Positions in Bangladesh Civil Service

2021 ◽  
pp. 2031-2041
Author(s):  
Fardaus Ara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper discusses the status of women in leadership position in the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) following content analysis. This study argues that although the number of women in the class I position in the civil service has increased, their position in terms of power and influence on decision-making is still insignificant. In particular, the number of women in the leadership position in the civil service does not reflect gender parity that the government of Bangladesh is committed to achieve.

scholarly journals Choice Architecture to Improve Financial Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Carpenter ◽  
Emiliano Huet-Vaughn ◽  
Peter Hans Matthews ◽  
Andrea Robbett ◽  
Dustin Beckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Financial Decision

We exploit the principles of choice architecture to evaluate interventions in the market for reloadable prepaid cards. Participants are randomized into three card menu presentation treatments—the market status quo, a regulation-inspired reform, or an enhanced reform designed to minimize attribute overload—and offered choices based on prior structural estimation of individual preferences. Consumers routinely choose incorrectly under the status quo, with tentative evidence that the regulation-inspired presentation may increase best card choice and clear evidence that the enhanced reform reduces worst card choice. Welfare analysis suggests the regulation-inspired presentation offers modest gains, while the enhanced policy generates substantial benefits.

Nonconsequentialist decisions

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Baron
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Decision Biases ◽  
The Status

AbstractAccording to a simple form of consequentialism, we should base decisions on our judgments about their consequences for achieving our goals. Our goals give us reason to endorse consequentialism as a standard of decision making. Alternative standards invariably lead to consequences that are less good in this sense. Yet some people knowingly follow decision rules that violate consequentialism. For example, they prefer harmful omissions to less harmful acts, they favor the status quo over alternatives they would otherwise judge to be belter, they provide third-party compensation on the basis of the cause of an injury rather than the benefit from the compensation, they ignore deterrent effects in decisions about punishment, and they resist coercive reforms they judge to be beneficial. I suggest that nonconsequentialist principles arise from overgeneralizing rules that are consistent with consequentialism in a limited set of cases. Commitment to such rules is detached from their original purposes. The existence of such nonconsequentialist decision biases has implications for philosophical and experimental methodology, the relation between psychology and public policy, and education.

The Missing Link in Regional Integration in South Asia: The Case for Regional and Sub-regional Political Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Andrew Thangasamy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than

Regional governance efforts in South Asia have been missing regional political institutions. There is no shortage of ideas and suggestions by scholars, practitioners, diplomats and others in terms of areas for integration in South Asia. And yet, regional integration continues in a piecemeal like stuttering fashion. Integration lags not because there are questions about the efficacy of regional integration or questions about where or what to integrate, it lags because of the path forward—in terms of how—is unclear. Regional or sub-regional political institutions vested with the decision-making authority can aid in integration better than the status quo. Political institutions in contrast to forums or summit-convening authorities can make decisions of their own benefiting the interests of those whom they represent. This article examines the current state of regional governance efforts in South Asia and evaluates the argument for regional and sub-regional political institutions.

Process vs. Outcome? How to Evaluate the Effects of Participatory Processes on Legitimacy Perceptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hannah Werner ◽  
Sofie Marien
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
Representative Process

Abstract The potential for participatory processes to address deficits in perceptions of legitimacy is strongly debated. This letter discusses how to evaluate the effects of participatory procedures. It argues that participatory processes should not be compared to normative ideals about how citizens should behave, but rather to the status quo of representative decision making. The authors use the example of winner–loser gaps in perceptions of fairness to illustrate the importance of evaluation frameworks, drawing on twelve experiments from the Netherlands and Sweden (total N = 5,352). The study shows that the choice of benchmarks matters substantially for the interpretation of process effects. When comparing participatory processes to the status quo of representative decision making, it finds higher fairness perceptions for a participatory process than for a representative process across all twelve experiments, even when the outcomes are unfavourable.

Deterrence and Foreign Policy

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. George ◽  
Richard Smoke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status ◽  
Positive Inducements ◽  
Deductive Theory ◽  
Different Levels

Achen and Snidal's deductive theory of deterrence contributes very little to an understanding of the uses and limitations of deterrence strategy as an instrument of foreign policy. Lacking operationalization, their “rational deterrence theory” is incapable of predicting the outcome of individual cases. Furthermore, it has not yet addressed the need (i) to reconceptualize the problem of deterrence for different levels of conflict; (2) to refine the assumption of “rationality”; (3) to deal with the phenomenon of equifinality; (4) to develop a framework of strategic interaction between Initiator and Defender acknowledging that an Initiator often has multiple options for challenging the status quo from which to choose an action that meets his cost-benefit criteria; (5) to find a way of taking into account decision-making variables that, as case studies have demonstrated, often affect deterrence outcomes; and (6) to broaden the conceptualization of deterrence strategy to encompass the possible use of positive inducements as a means of discouraging challenges to a status quo situation.

The Demise of Parent Involvement in School Governance

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Seitsinger ◽  
David Aloyzy Zera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
School Site ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Status ◽  
Study Format

In this article elementary school site decision-making bodies (SDMBs) are examined from a critical theory perspective. Two sites are examined: one with a mandated school site decision-making body and another with a voluntarily established school site decision-making body. A case study format and naturalist methodology that includes semistructured interviews, nonparticipant positioned observations, focus groups, and document analysis are used. Findings suggest relatively no difference between mandated and voluntary SDMBs; parent participation in school governance defined by socioeconomic status (SES); principals as key to school governance implementation; participating parents as trustees of the status quo; and school site decision-making bodies as an ineffective reform strategy. Propositions for consideration and suggestions for adjustments in SDMBs are offered.

Opening Closed Doors: Promoting IRB Transparency

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Fernandez Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Efficiency

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) have substantial power and authority over research with human subjects, and in turn, their decisions have substantial implications for those subjects, investigators, and the public at large. However, there is little transparency about IRB processes and decisions. This article provides the first comprehensive taxonomy of what transparency means (or could mean) for IRBs — answering the questions “to whom, about what, and by what mechanisms?” It also explains why the status quo of nontransparency is problematic, and presents arguments for greater transparency from the perspective of a variety of stakeholders. IRB transparency will make boards more accountable, improve the quality of their decision-making, facilitate consistency in board decisions, permit empirical study of IRBs, promote research efficiency, and advance trust in the research enterprise, among a variety of other benefits. Regulators should promote IRB transparency, IRBs themselves should commit to sharing as much information as they can within the confines of confidentiality requirements, and investigators can endeavor to take matters into their own hands by sharing IRB correspondence and IRB-approved protocols and consent materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document