scholarly journals Traditional Worldviews of the Slavs and the Balts: Towards Cognitive Comparative Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic

Since the 1980s, research on linguistic worldview and collective identity, practised by anthropological, cultural, and cognitive linguists, has focused on identifying and defining the basic values of European culture against a possibly broad comparative background. If standard languages and national traditions have been under scrutiny in the project EUROJOS since 2009 (see the partial results in the five volumes of the “Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and Their Neighbours” and several other publications), value systems of folk cultures have not been studied systematically so far. I therefore propose to revive the idea of an ETNOEUROJOS project, parallel to EUROJOS. In an article published in 2013 in the journal Etnolingwistyka, I postulated that values in folk languages and cultures be investigated within the methodology of the Lublin-based “Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols”, whose aim is to reconstruct the folk Polish view of the world and of humans. I now propose, by analogy to the project EUROJOS, to extend the scope of this new program onto the Baltic peoples. A survey conducted among distinguished researchers of Slavic and Baltic traditions has revealed a set of values important for the Slavs (life and health, fam ily and kinship, home, lan d, work and diligence, love, beauty, happiness, wisdom, can didness, honesty, faithfulness, justice, freedom, honour, faith/religion, and God) and for the Balts (lan d, bread, work, fam ily, home). The first stage of the project will be designed to reconstruct the four values common to both the Slavs and the Balts (lan d, work, fam ily, home), to propose parallel descriptions of these values, and to compare these cultural concepts for their semantic invariants. The descriptions obtained in the two projects, EUROJOS and ETNOEUROJOS, will help corroborate or refute the prevalent view that at the level of folk cultures, Slavic and Baltic communities are much closer than at the level of national, elite-shaped cultures.

scholarly journals Explicating Cultural Concepts

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Construct

Ethnolinguistics deals with collective identities and reality-interpreting narratives. Collective identity (beliefs, values, and their symbolisations shared by a community) is defined as a mental construct, access to which can be obtained through complementary and linguistically “externalised” images. Inquiry into identity is the most effective when it is concerned with language, both in the narrower sense of linguistic structure and textual narratives, and in the broader semiotic sense. Whichever option is selected, the important issues to be addressed include the linguistic phenomena that make up identity, the methodology of identity research, as well as the data on the basis of which collective identity can be reconstructed.In this study, attention is paid to narrative linguistic phenomena: language is viewed as a most human phenomenon and a significant social fact that contributes to the construction of collective identity. The notion of “reality-interpreting narratives” pertains to subjectivised stories of the world, more or less stable judgements, stories that interpret reality and assume the shape of cognitive definitions.In the course of thirty years of work on and with the cognitive definition, two types of ethnolinguistic description have emerged: holistic (integrated) and separated (isolated). The former is preferred in the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols, the latter in the Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and Their Neighbours. Both types of description reveal the functioning of images (sterotypes/concepts) in a network of relationships that allows one to capture the system of values that underlies the languages and cultures being studied. These relationships are here illustrated with the Polish images of róża ‘rose’ and wolność ‘freedom’.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

The Unquiet Frontier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell ◽  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Global Order ◽  
American Power ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Critical Regions

From the Baltic to the South China Sea, newly assertive authoritarian states sense an opportunity to resurrect old empires or build new ones at America's expense. Hoping that U.S. decline is real, nations such as Russia, Iran, and China are testing Washington's resolve by targeting vulnerable allies at the frontiers of American power. This book explains why the United States needs a new grand strategy that uses strong frontier alliance networks to raise the costs of military aggression in the new century. The book describes the aggressive methods which rival nations are using to test American power in strategically critical regions throughout the world. It shows how rising and revisionist powers are putting pressure on our frontier allies—countries like Poland, Israel, and Taiwan—to gauge our leaders' commitment to upholding the American-led global order. To cope with these dangerous dynamics, nervous U.S. allies are diversifying their national-security “menu cards” by beefing up their militaries or even aligning with their aggressors. The book reveals how numerous would-be great powers use an arsenal of asymmetric techniques to probe and sift American strength across several regions simultaneously, and how rivals and allies alike are learning from America's management of increasingly interlinked global crises to hone effective strategies of their own. The book demonstrates why the United States must strengthen the international order that has provided greater benefits to the world than any in history.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING BIKE PATHS IN ST.PETERSBURG BASED ON ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF THE BALTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
A. A. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Specific Section

The article deals with statistics on the development of Bicycle roads in Russia and in the world, as well as design methods for a specific section of the connection of Bicycle routes in St. Petersburg. The article discusses the experience of using and entering bike paths based on the experience of Finland, as well as the types of bike paths and infrastructure features for metropolises. A model for creating a bike path by partially narrowing the roadway, graphical functions, and analytical information are provided. Practical examples of changing the infrastructure for bike paths are given. Keywords: bike path, traffic volume, design the roadway, lane width.

scholarly journals Intergovernmental Organizations and Foreign Policy Behavior: Some Empirical Findings

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McCormick ◽  
Young W. Kihl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Behavior ◽  
High Politics ◽  
Foreign Policy Behavior

In this study, we evaluate whether the increase in the number of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) has resulted in their increased use for foreign policy behavior by the nations of the world. This question is examined in three related ways: (1) the aggregate use of IGOs for foreign policy behavior; (2) the relationship between IGO membership and IGO use; and (3) the kinds of states that use IGOs. Our data base consists of the 35 nations in the CREON (Comparative Research on the Events of Nations) data set for the years 1959–1968.The main findings are that IGOs were employed over 60 percent of the time with little fluctuation on a year-by-year basis, that global and “high politics” IGOs were used more often than regional and “low politics” IGOs, that institutional membership and IGO use were generally inversely related, and that the attributes of the states had limited utility in accounting for the use of intergovernmental organizations. Some of the theoretical implications of these findings are then explored.

Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum — a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of crosscultural contacts in the Baltic Sea region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section turns to the history of language contacts and influences, using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final section analyzes intercultural connections related to mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive part of the world.

The Baltic Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 586-600
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rimestad
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic

The three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) have a varied religious history. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, they were the last region of Europe to be Christianized. Today, they—and especially Estonia—are among the most secularized societies in the world. This is not only due to the Soviet past but also to Baltic German dominance at key moments in their history. While Lutheranism has dominated in the north (in Estonia and Latvia), the Roman Catholic Church is still the main religious player in the south (in Lithuania and parts of Latvia). Primarily due to Russian migration, the Orthodox Church also plays a significant role in Baltic affairs. There is, finally, a small but vibrant cluster of new religious movements, notably neo-pagan groups.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues of Organ Transplantation in Islam

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
M Mostafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Proxy Consent ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Scientists and clinicians must become familiar with the factors that affect the emotional, physical, and spiritual health of their patients that are outside the ken of the traditionally dominant value systems. Although many researchers have addressed the cultural and ethnical factors, very few have considered the impact of religion. Islam, as the largest and fastestgrowing religion in the world, has adherents throughout the world, presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework, while it sometimes concurs conflicts with the conventional and secular ethical framework. This paper introduces to the Islamic principles of ethics in organ transplantation involving human subject to address issues of religion and religious ethics. Historical reflections are discussed as to why Muslim thinkers were late to consider contemporary medical issues such as organ donation. Islam respects life and values need of the living over the dead, thus allowing organ donation to be considered in certain circumstances. The sources of Islamic law are discussed in brief to see how the parameters of organ transplantation are derived. The Islamic perception, both Shiite and Sunni, is examined in relation to organ donation and its various sources. The advantages and disadvantages of brain dead and cadaveric donation are reviewed with technical and ethical considerations. The Islamic concept of brain death, informed and proxy consent are also discussed. The concept of rewarded donation as a way to alleviate the shortage of organs available for transplantation is assessed.    doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i1.3230 TAJ 2008; 21(1): 97-103

scholarly journals Social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ogorenko ◽  
Olha Hnenna ◽  
Viktor Kokashynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The article considered the social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence. Analyzed the main types of violent behavior (economic, psychological, physical, sexual) and the components of the causes of cruel behavior in the family: aggressive behavior, violence, violent behavior. The results of sociological research are presented, the prevalence, causes, aims and types of this phenomenon in Ukraine and in the world are determined. The sociological and cultural concepts of the features of the spread of the phenomenon of violence in families are considered. The stages of the formation of violent behavior in families are analyzed. The features of neurotic disorders and their prevalence among people who have experienced domestic violence are considered.

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