scholarly journals Migraine and orexin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Irina Ostroukhova ◽  
Olga Rudko ◽  
Artemii Tretiakov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Peptide Concentration ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Desire To Eat

Migraine is diagnosed in approximately 15% of the population in the developed countries. This disease affects not only patient’s well-being, but also economy and social sphere. Despite this significant impact, little is known on the genetic causes of migraine. Several migraine symptoms, including tiredness, yawning, drowsiness, and the desire to eat certain foods, give an idea of migraine connection to orexin system. This system includes orexines – peptides, predominantly synthesized in the lateral hypothalamic area and involved in wake and sleep cycle and many other neurological functions; and their two receptors HCRTR1 and HCRTR2. Here we summarize known data on orexin system polymorphisms and changes in peptide concentration in patients with migraine.

Foundations of International Aid

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jane M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

The newly developing countries desire not only political independence but also economic progress for their people—a progress which they can see, and are now aware of, in the rest of the world. The role of the developed countries is to extend aid to the needy. Moral foundations underlie the donor's contributions, but they are more than that, they are the means for acquiring support for international aid in the donor's country. The United States must assume the leader ship among' the free nations in granting aid; she must accept this role because of her economic achievements and technologi cal advantages. Donators of such aid should take cognizance of the complementary character and interrelatedness of economic and social development. For economic development, however much it is sought, is not an end in itself, rather the aim is the well-being and happiness of the individual. Such a goal neces sitates economic aid accompanied by social aid. Social welfare can also be a vehicle to achieve peace, inasmuch as people-to- people relationships generate brotherly love—the only lasting foundation for peace.—Ed.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of ß-convergence and s- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of ß and s convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

On the Analysis of the Efficiency of a Piecewise-Linear Model for Progressive Taxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
V. S. Mkhitaryan ◽  
V. F. Shishov ◽  
D. V. Iskorkin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Piecewise Linear Model ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Developed Countries

The article presents the authors’ ideas regarding the measurement of the effectiveness of the proposed modernized version of the progressive taxation scale. The comparative statistical and economic analysis of taxation of individuals carried out in the article showed that in most countries with developed market economies, a progressive taxation scale is used, which allows taking into account population ability to pay and the established subsistence minimum. At present, Russia is practically one of the developed countries in which a flat scale has remained. But recently, in our country, measures are being taken to introduce some elements of progressive taxation. The paper also shows that a significant drawback of the progressive scale used in different countries is the abrupt change in the size of the tax. It is proposed that, the so-called «piecewise-linear» model of the progressive taxation scale that from the taxpayer’s perspective is fairer, be used. Using statistical data, the authors demonstrated the advantages of the proposed «piece-wise-linear» model of the progressive taxation scale in comparison with the «flat» scale. The «piecewise linear» scale proposed in the study will allow individuals (taxpayers) to make an easier transition to a progressive tax rate. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed version of the «piecewise-linear» taxation scale, an economic and mathematical model has been developed, which implies tax exemption for persons with incomes below the subsistence level and an increase in the tax rate, compared to the existing one, for persons with large incomes. The model was tested on data of Rosstat on the income of individuals. The introduction of «piecewise-linear» taxation scale will, in authors’ opinion, increase tax collection and more fully implement the distribution function of taxation, which will ultimately stimulate the development of the economy and social sphere.

INSOMNIA, AS A PREDICTOR OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN HUMANITY. (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Бургардт ◽  
Ж.В. Романова ◽  
А.Т. Душпанова
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Health And Well Being

Сон является важным физиологическим состоянием необходимым для здоровья и благополучия человека. Разные виды нарушений сна отрицательно сказываются на психическом здоровье и качестве жизни человека, являются фактором риска для возникновения или усугубления течения существующих заболеваний. По данным международной классификации нарушений сна, принято выделять шесть основных категорий: бессонница, нарушение дыхания во сне, центральные расстройства гиперсонливости, парасомнии, двигательные расстройства во сне, расстройства циркадного ритма сна. [1]. Учитывая такое разнообразие нарушений сна, мы сталкиваемся с большим количеством нозологий и специальностей, которые вовлечены в процесс диагностики и лечения данных пациентов. Литературные данные указывают на прямую связь нарушений сна с проблемами сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной, нейроэндокринной систем. Лечением данной группы пациентов занимаются специалисты разных областей медицины - от стоматологов и оториноларингологов до психиатров и неврологов. Актуальность данной тематики не вызывает сомнений, так как по литературным данным в современном обществе до 50 % населения планеты сталкиваются с проблемами, связанными с нарушениями сна. В последние 30 лет этой нозологии уделяется очень много внимания в развитых странах мира, тем не менее, нарушения сна по-прежнему остаются острой проблемой влияющей на качество жизни и здоровье человечества. Sleep is an important physiological condition necessary for human health and well-being. Various types of sleep disorders adversely affect mental health and quality of life of a person, and are a risk factor for the onset or aggravation of existing diseases. According to the international classification of sleep disorders, it is customary to distinguish six main categories: insomnia, breathing disorders during sleep, central disorders of hypersomnia, parasomnias, movement disorders during sleep, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. [1]. Given such a variety of sleep disorders, we are faced with a large number of nosologies and specialties that are involved in the process of diagnosing and treating these patients. Literature data indicate a direct connection between sleep disorders and problems of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuroendocrine systems. This group of patients is treated by specialists in various fields of medicine - from dentists and otorhinolaryngologists to psychiatrists and neurologists. The relevance of this topic is beyond doubt, since according to literature data in modern society up to 50% of the world's population face problems associated with sleep disorders. In the past 30 years, this nosology has received a lot of attention in the developed countries of the world, however, sleep disorders still remain an acute problem affecting the quality of life and health of mankind.

scholarly journals Subjective well-being and self-regulation of educational activities of students in a digital educational environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00103
Author(s):  
A.M. Timokhin ◽  
L.V. Bura ◽  
V.V. Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Scientific Disciplines

As it is well known, digitalization of many aspects of modern society has become an urgent topic in the XXI century for most developed countries. The field of education is experiencing a rapid development of digitalization; distance learning is becoming one of the main forms. This impulsiveness has caused many problems, both organizational and psychological, since reality is not yet fully ready for revolutionizing teaching methods and ways of obtaining knowledge by the student audience. That is why the transformation of education into such an important social sphere requires the efforts of representatives of many scientific disciplines, including philosophers, sociologists, culturologists and psychologists. The latter, in addition to theoretical justifications, conducted also some empirical studies of the psychological adaptability of young people to new learning conditions. One of them is the proposed study, which is based on the assumption that student satisfaction with work in a distance format during the period of self-isolation depends largely on their subjective well-being.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2020 ◽  
pp. 515-536
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of β-convergence and σ- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of β and σ convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

Scientific capacity of Russian universities: Problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Ilyina ◽  
◽  
Victoria Lapochkina ◽  
Elena Plekhanova ◽  
Karina Bezrodnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
State University ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Physics Institute ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Universities

In the recent years, the contribution of Russian universities into science and technology has increased. The RF Government has been intensively developing and implementing instruments to support fundamental and applied sciences and to ensure implementation of their achievements into real economy and social sphere. Several Russian universities accomplish world-class studies and research, in particular, classic universities like Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, Ural Federal University, Tomsk State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Academic science has much to offer the real sector as the universities are much closer to and has got the tighter relations with the entrepreneurial sector than the state-financed (80-90% funding) research institutes. However, average universities fall short compared to those mentioned above, partially due to the lack of extrabudgetary financing by business organizations which makes a little bit over 30%, while in the developed countries this figure sometimes exceeds 70%.

scholarly journals Az emberi élettartam megnövelésének lehetőségei

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (41) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Csaba
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract: The human lifespan in the developed countries significantly increased, from about 40 years to 80 years, in the last hundred years. This change is due to multiple factors, however, the development of medicine and pharmacological research as well as social well-being and social care are primarily important. For aging, the attrition of the parts of the whole organism are responsible, which is caused by endogenous oxidation processes (free radicals), which can destroy any cells in the organism. The injury of the defense or regulatory organ systems (immune system, neuroendocrine system) influences the whole organism, causing its decline (aging), later complete loss of abilities (death). The organism has built-in mechanisms for defence (e.g., antioxidant enzymes), however, their functions are not enough in our modern, chemically seriously contaminated age and further support is needed. This support is represented by antioxidants, as vitamins A, C, and E, resveratrol, and pharmaceuticals as rapamycine and rapalogs, selegiline, metformin etc., which have important roles in the increase of lifespan and health span. The early start of treatments and the use of pharmaceutical combinations seem to be important. The paper introduces our today’s’ lifespan prolongers and discusses their effects as well as points to the ways of future development. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 1655–1663.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

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